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Aim: To investigate the associations between ketone bodies (KB) and multiple adverse outcomes including cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and all‐cause mortality according to diabetes status. Methods: This prospective study included 222 824 participants free from CVD and CKD at baseline from the UK Biobank. Total KB including β‐hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between KB and adverse outcomes among participants with normoglycaemia, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Results: During a mean follow‐up of 14.1 years, 24 088 incident CVD events (including 17 303 coronary heart disease events, 5172 stroke events and 5881 heart failure [HF] events), 8605 CKD events and 15 813 deaths, were documented. Higher total KB significantly increased the risk of HF among participants with normoglycaemia (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.17‐1.49], per 10‐fold increase in total KB) and prediabetes (1.35 [1.04‐1.76]), and increased the risk of CKD among those with normoglycaemia (1.20 [1.09‐1.33]). Elevated KB levels were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality across the glycaemic spectrum (1.32 [1.23‐1.42] for normoglycaemia, 1.45 [1.24‐1.71] for prediabetes and 1.47 [1.11‐1.94] for diabetes). Moreover, a significant additive interaction between KB and diabetes status was observed on the risk of death (P =.009), with 4.9% of deaths attributed to the interactive effects. Conclusions: Our study underscored the variation in association patterns between KB and adverse outcomes according to diabetes status and suggested that KB could interact with diabetes status in an additive manner to increase the risk of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the clinicopathological, molecular, and immune features of conventional and high‐grade transformation (HGT) secretory carcinoma (SC) in salivary glands. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathological data of 88 cases including 74 conventional SCs and 14 SCs with HGT were reviewed. Targeted next‐generation sequencing was performed in 11 SCs with HGT and 7 conventional SCs. The level of PD‐L1 and CD8+ TILs was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the conventional group, the rates of nodal metastasis, local recurrence, distant metastasis and mortality were significantly higher in the HGT cohort. Mutations of ARID1A/B, KMT2A, HOXD13, NRG1 and ETV6 genes were identified in HGT SCs. A recurrent E307G mutation in GATA6 gene was also observed in two cases. Two deceased HGT patients with distant metastasis harboured NOTCH3 mutations. ETV6‐RET translocation was prone to occur in the HGT SCs. Additionally, PD‐L1 expression was low, and CD8+ TILs were sparse in most HGT cases. Conclusion: Our findings reveal novel gene alterations involved in the progression of HGT in SCs. Most HGT SCs patients cannot benefit from PD‐L1 blocking and may be approached with a distinct treatment strategy including the lymph node dissection and application of molecular target drugs in precision oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the huge difference in the solubility‐product constants (Ksp) between the precipitates of Lu and Al, the synthesis of lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu3Al5O12, LuAG) nanopowders by coprecipitation method is prone to Lu loss, resulting in the creation of Al2O3 secondary phase. In this work, coprecipitated (Ce0.001Ca0.0015Lu(0.9975+x%))3Al5O12 (x = 0, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5) nanopowders with different starting stoichiometries are synthesized and combined with vacuum pre‐sintering and hot‐isostatic pressing to fabricate scintillating ceramics. The effect of compensated Lu content on the phase composition, microstructure, optical properties, and scintillation performance of ceramics is analyzed. The complete elimination of the secondary phase requires an additional compensation of 1.2% of Lu, which gives the best transmittance in ceramics. When x = 1.5, excessive Lu forms LuAl antisite defect, leading to the decrease of both light yield and intensity of the fast scintillation component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competition between surficial and volumetric diffusion during the sintering process for ceramic polymorphism at different sintering temperatures is worth deeply exploring. In the current work, various sintering cases of mixed TiO2 nanoparticles with rutile and anatase types were investigated and the effects of crystalline phase, sintering temperature, and particle size on the sintering process were systematically investigated. The difference in thermodynamic stability and surficial activity of the crystalline phase could promote the decomposition and densification of the nanoparticles. Comparing the mixed‐phase sintering process at different sintering temperatures, the results showed that the particle binding process at low temperature relied mainly on surficial diffusion, however, volumetric diffusion played a crucial role at high temperature. The internal occurrence of volumetric diffusion inhibited the surficial diffusion, resulting in a smaller diameter of the sintering neck and a different sintering rate. In the case of sintering three nanoparticles with rutile and anatase types, it could be found that the decomposition of nanoparticles is more uniform in mixed‐phase sintering at high temperatures and the sintering rate is not significantly influenced by the sintering temperature. This work demonstrates the advantage of a mixed‐phase sintering strategy for TiO2 nanoparticles, which could provide insight into ceramic materials with polymorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is crucial for plant growth and development. Exogenous dopamine has been shown to improve the N‐deficiency tolerance of apple. However, the potential regulatory mechanisms by which dopamine mitigates low‐N stress remain unclear. Our data indicated that the dopamine levels in apple (Malus domestica) were elevated by the overexpression (OE) of MdTYDC, which encodes tyrosine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. The photosynthetic capacity of the OE lines was enhanced, and the root system was more extensive under low‐N stress compared with the wild‐type (WT) plants. This enhancement contributed to a greater net nitrate influx at the root surface in the OE lines compared with the WT. Transcriptomic and carbohydrate analyses suggested that the OE of MdTYDC in apple enhanced N‐deficiency tolerance by promoting the expression of carbohydrate‐related genes, which increased the content of soluble sugars and sorbitol. Both exogenous dopamine and MdTYDC OE activated the expression of MdORG2 (a bHLH transcription factor), which, in turn, directly binds to the promoter of MdTYDC, activating its expression, increasing dopamine levels, and consequently conferring strong low‐N tolerance in apple. Thus, this reveals the molecular pathways by which dopamine regulates low‐N tolerance in apple through pathways involving MdTYDC and MdORG2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diverse array of 6‐aroyl benzimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines was successfully synthesized using easily obtainable N‐cyanobenzimidazoles and α‐keto acids, facilitated by photoredox catalysis. A mechanistic investigation revealed that this methodology might involve both photoredox and energy transfer catalytic cycles, generating acyl radicals that subsequently promote radical relay cyclization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Next‐generation high‐brightness lighting faces a big challenge in developing laser‐drivable color‐converting materials with effective thermal management. Herein, a new material architecture of Al2O3‐Y3Al5O12: Ce3+ (YAG: Ce) transparent composite ceramics coated with Al film (TCC@Al) is proposed. The as‐prepared material shows the highest thermal conductivity (29.3 W m−1 K−1) among YAG: Ce‐related transparent ceramics (TC) ever reported owing to the combination role of short‐range thermal conduction of Al2O3 microcrystals and long‐range thermal conduction of Al film. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra and femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectra evidence the importance of thermal management, whereby the luminescent loss of TCC@Al is only 8.92% at 450 K and is far smaller than TC counterpart (15.86%). Importantly, no obvious luminescence saturation is detected upon 20 W mm−2 blue laser irradiation and the inhomogeneous angular color distribution is suppressed by the scatter of Al2O3 microcrystals, yielding uniform white light with ultra‐high luminous flux (LF) of 4294 lm@20 W mm−2 and luminous efficacy (LE) of 215 lm W−1. As a consequence, the present TCC@Al‐converted laser‐driven lighting prototype exhibits much better optical performance than the commercial TC‐based one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted therapy has the potential to be used in the neoadjuvant setting for odontogenic tumors, reducing the morbidities associated with major surgery. In this regard, the aim of this study was to summarize the current evidence on the different forms of targeted therapy, effectiveness, and drawbacks of this course of treatment. Four databases were searched electronically without regard to publication date or language. Grey literature searches and manual searches were also undertaken. Publications with sufficient clinical data on targeted therapy for odontogenic tumors were required to meet the criteria for eligibility. The analysis of the data was descriptive. A total of 15 papers comprising 17 cases (15 ameloblastomas and 2 ameloblastic carcinomas) were included. Numerous mutations were found, with BRAF V600E being most common. Dabrafenib was the most utilized drug in targeted therapy. Except for one case, the treatment reduced the size of the lesion (16/17 cases), showing promise. Most of the adverse events recorded were mild, such as skin issues, voice changes, abnormal hair texture, dry eyes, and systemic symptoms (e.g., fatigue, joint pain, and nausea). It is possible to reach the conclusion that targeted therapy for ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma may be a useful treatment strategy, based on the findings of the included studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To broaden the applications of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in mobile phone back panels and high‐end decorative materials, the 3 mol% YSZ (3YSZ) ceramics doped with erbium oxide (Er2O3) as colorant were successfully sintered at 1250 and 1350°C in air. The influences of Er2O3‐doping concentration and sintering temperature on the phase, microstructure, color, and mechanical properties of the pink Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics were investigated. As the Er2O3 concentration increased, the redness value a* gradually increased, while the yellowness value b* and the lightness value L* gradually decreased. The highest value a* and b* of Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics reached absolute values of 15.2 and 4.5, respectively. The effect of Er2O3 concentration is also depicted in detail, which also affects the mechanical properties including hardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics. The maximum hardness and fracture toughness of Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics reached 13.9 ± 0.3 GPa and 6.21 ± 0.20 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The hardness of the ceramics exceeds 12.5 GPa, which is the required market index for further practical application. This work provides a method for preparing 3YSZ ceramics with excellent mechanical properties and bright pink color, which has the potential to be used in the fields of advanced and superior electronics in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide more evidence to understand the termination mechanism in styrene free‐radical polymerization, (1‐bromoethyl) benzene and polystyrene with bromide end group (PSt‐Br) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were used as the model compound and model polymer to study the termination behavior of styrenic radical by atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC), and then the NMR chemical shifts of the head‐to‐head enchainment from coupling termination were obtained. SEC and different NMR measurement methods were used to analyze and characterize the products. It is confirmed that there is no bimolecular disproportionation termination between styrenic free radicals, but only coupling termination to form the head‐to‐head enchainment. The proton and carbon chemical shifts of the head‐to‐head enchainment from coupling termination for (1‐bromoethyl) benzene are 2.7–2.86 ppm and ~47.3 ppm. As for the polystyrene through ATRC from PSt‐Br, the corresponding chemical shifts are 2.61–3.29 ppm and ~46.4 ppm, respectively, they are almost the same as the data in our previous paper (~3.05 ppm, ~46.6 ppm) for polystyrene initiated by BPO, proving that the chain termination in free‐radical polymerization of styrene initiated by BPO occurs through primary termination between chain radical and primary radical rather than bimolecular termination between chain radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfactants used to exfoliate and disperse nanoparticles are expected to have an impact on polymer nanocomposite properties. In this work, both ionic tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBA) and amphiphilic polyoxyalkyleneamine (M1000) surfactants were used to exfoliate α‐zirconium phosphate (ZrP) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix through simple solution blending. The oxygen barrier properties of the nanocomposites were investigated as a function of ZrP content based on the above two surfactant types. At a low ZrP loading level (≤2.4 vol%), regardless of the surfactant type, the ZrP nanoplatelets in PVA matrix do indeed create a "torturous pathway" to improve barrier properties even though the crystallinity in PVA/ZrP‐M1000 system is decreased. In addition, the PVA/ZrP‐TBA films exhibit excellent transparency as good as the neat PVA films. Furthermore, it is found that the high molecular weight amphiphilic M1000 surfactant is less effective than the low molecular weight ionic TBA surfactant in dispersion and exfoliation of ZrP in PVA. This relative incompatibility of ZrP‐M1000 compared to ZrP‐TBA in PVA leads to its dramatic drop in oxygen barrier properties. This facile aqueous solution blending technique is eco‐sustainable and expected to facilitate the preparation of effective polymer nanocomposites for barrier properties applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered design is an important method for improving the loss factor of damping materials. However, the composite loss factor does not increase with the increase of the number of layers of the damping material. In response to this issue, this paper investigates the mechanism by combining experimental and simulation analyses. First, for the damping material itself, the relationship between the material loss factor and the number of damping layers was studied based on dynamic mechanical analysis. Second, for the composite structure of damping material and substrate, the relationship between the composite loss factor and the number of damping layers of the free damping structure was obtained by the cantilever resonance method, and the influence of material and structure parameters on the composite loss factor was clarified by finite element analysis. Finally, for aiming at the composite structure of damping material with constraint layer and substrate, the mechanism of the influence of the number of layers of layered damping material on the uncertainty of the composite loss factor was further investigated and discussed. The results indicated that for free damping structures, the composite loss factor increases with the increase of the number of damping layers only when the elastic modulus of the damping layer is similar to that of the substrate. For constrained damping structures, only when the constraint layer is relatively thin and has a certain amount of density and modulus, the composite loss factor of the constrained damping structure increases as the number of damping layers increases. Highlights: The mechanism by which the number of layers of damping material affects the composite loss factor has been clarified.The composite loss factor does not necessarily increase as the number of layers of damping material increases.The composite loss factor of a free damping structure is mainly influenced by the Young's modulus of the damping layer.The composite loss factor of constrained damping structures is mainly influenced by the thickness, density, and modulus of the constrained layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the assessment scores of a novel digital training program versus traditional training in dental preclinical crown preparation. Methods: Crown preparations in two consecutive preclinical training sessions were retrospectively collected and assigned to three groups: traditional group (TG), scanning group (SG), and digital evaluation group (DG). Students in the TG (n = 20) were taught by conventional visual grading, while students in the SG (n = 25) received three‐dimensional feedback from digitally scanned preparations. All the SG students continued with supplementary digital evaluation and preparations were allocated into the DG (n = 25). Comparison of total scores between groups was investigated using independent samples t‐test and paired samples t‐test. Mann‒Whitney U‐test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used to statistically analyze the differences in subdividing categories. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Questionnaires on the digital evaluation procedure were answered by students in DG. Results: The results showed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in the total scores of DG than those of TG and SG, while there were no statistically significant differences between TG and SG. Scores of surface finish and undercut improved significantly in DG compared to TG and SG. The reduction scores of DG were significantly higher than those of SG. Students' feedback indicated a positive perspective on the implementation of the novel digital evaluation technology. Conclusions: These findings suggest that digital evaluation technology is useful for preclinical crown preparation training. Attention should also be paid to studying the optimal integration of digital dentistry into traditional dental curricula and its effects on students' learning curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Antiangiogenic inhibitors have been shown to synergize with immune checkpoint blockade, but the underlying mechanisms of the synergistic response are not fully understood. Patients and Methods: We investigate the impact of VEGFR2 inhibition on tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in vivo and the activity of the combination of apatinib and anti‐PD‐1 in synergistic mouse model of HNSCC. A patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the left tongue with cervical lymph node were received with combined induction treatment of camrelizumab and apatinib to validate the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy before surgery. Results: We found that apatinib increased the infiltration of CD8+T cells and decreased the population of Tregs in a preclinical syngeneic mouse model. The proportions of CD8+PD1+T cells were significantly increased in apatinib‐treated tumors. The combined treatment of apatinib and anti‐PD‐1 demonstrated better therapeutic benefit than each treatment alone. The patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the left tongue with cervical lymph node achieved major pathologic response (MPR) after two cycles of combined induction treatment. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that apatinib therapy synergized with an anti–PD‐1 antibody in preclinical cancer models and in patient with advanced HNSCC. These results provide a new rationale for advancing this neoadjuvant immunotherapy in large scale of clinical trials of HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the relationship between proinflammatory diet, habitual salt intake and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 171 094 UK Biobank participants who completed at least one 24‐h dietary questionnaire and were free of diabetes at baseline. Participants were followed up until 1 March 2023 for type 2 diabetes incidence, with diagnosis information obtained from linked medical records. An Energy‐adjusted Diet Inflammatory Index (E‐DII) was calculated based on 28 food parameters. Habitual salt intake was determined through the self‐reported frequency of adding salt to foods. The associations between E‐DII, habitual salt intake and type 2 diabetes incidence were tested by the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Over a median follow‐up period of 13.5 years, 6216 cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. Compared with participants with a low E‐DII (indicative of an anti‐inflammatory diet), participants with a high E‐DII (indicative of a proinflammatory diet) had an 18% heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The association between E‐DII and type 2 diabetes tends to be linear after adjustment for major confounders. Participants with a proinflammatory diet and always adding salt to foods had the highest risk of type 2 diabetes incidence (hazard ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.32‐1.94). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a proinflammatory diet and higher habitual salt intake were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. These results support the public health promotion of an anti‐inflammatory diet and reducing salt intake to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tb3Al5O12 (TAG) ceramics with high optical quality were fabricated successfully by a solid‐state reaction method combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post‐treatment. The microstructure, optical transmittance, Verdet constant, and thermo‐optical properties were investigated. The obtained TAG ceramics showed a dense microstructure, and the in‐line transmittance reached 82.8% at 1070 nm after laser‐grade polishing. The Verdet constant of TAG ceramics was measured to be 50.9 rad·T1·m−1 at 1070 nm, which is higher than that of commercial Tb3Ga5O12 crystals. The Faraday isolator based on TAG ceramics can provide an isolation ratio of 30 dB with a laser power of more than 1 kW. With excellent optical quality, high Verdet constant, and maximum working power, TAG transparent ceramics are promising for applications of kilowatt‐level Faraday isolators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly transparent 10 at.% Yb:GdxY3−xAl5O12 (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) ceramics were successfully fabricated by vacuum solid‐state reactive sintering at 1800°C for 20 h combined with hot isostatic pressing posttreatment at 1700°C for 3 h under 176 MPa pressure in Ar atmosphere. The in‐line transmittances of these ceramics with the thickness of 2.5 mm are 84.4%, 84.0%, and 83.5% at 1100 nm for x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. The relationships of the Gd3+ content among the phase, microstructures, spectral, and laser properties of the Yb:GdxY3−xAl5O12 ceramics were elucidated in detail. The introduction of Gd3+ has a little influence on the crystal field strength of the Yb3+ sites in GdxY3−xAl5O12. The absorption, emission spectra, and fluorescence lifetime of the Yb3+ in these ceramics are similar, close to 10 at.% Yb:YAG ceramics. Quasi‐continuous wave laser outputs of the ceramics were also achieved. The maximum laser output powers are 7.8, 7.7, and 6.6 W with the corresponding slope efficiency as 46.2%, 44.7%, and 39.2% for x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. The 7.8 W laser output power is the highest value achieved so far for the Yb:GdYAG ceramics, to the best of our knowledge. The previous discussions show that not all the mixed garnets could enhance full width at half maximum of absorption and emission peaks for the active ions; however, the Yb:GdYAG ceramics are still excellent laser gain media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to investigate the association of glycemia risk index (GRI), a novel composite metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), with arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 342 adults with type 2 diabetes were enrolled between April and June 2023 from 11 communities in Shanghai, China. Medical examinations, including measurements of anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and venous blood samples were conducted. Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was examined to evaluate arterial stiffness. All the participants underwent a 14 day CGM recording and GRI was calculated from the CGM data. Results: The mean age was 70.3 ± 6.8 years, and 162 (47.4%) were male. Participants with a higher baPWV had significantly higher levels of GRI and hyperglycemia component (both P for trend < 0.05). Linear regression revealed the significant positive linear associations of the GRI with baPWV in unadjusted or adjusted models (All P < 0.05). In the multivariable logistic analysis, each increase in the GRI quartile was associated with a 1.30‐fold (95% CI 1.01–1.68, P for trend < 0.05) higher prevalence of increased arterial stiffness after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, current smoking status, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Subgroup analyses showed that the association between the GRI quartiles and increased arterial stiffness was stronger among participants with a diabetes duration ≥15 years (P for interaction = 0.014). Conclusion: Glycemia risk index assessed by continuous glucose monitoring is associated with increased arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Prediabetes and lifestyle factors have been associated with the risks of multiple adverse outcomes, but the effect of a healthy lifestyle on prediabetes‐related complications remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the risks of multiple adverse outcomes including incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among individuals with prediabetes can be offset by a broad combination of healthy lifestyle factors. Methods: This prospective study used data from the UK Biobank cohort. An overall lifestyle score ranging from 0 to 6 was created with 1 point for each of the 6 healthy lifestyle factors: no current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, healthy diet, no overweight or obese, and adequate sleep duration. T2DM, CVD, and CKD were ascertained during a median follow‐up of 14 years. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the associations. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. Results: We included 202,993 participants without T2DM, CVD, and CKD at baseline (mean age 55.5 years [SD 8.1]; 54.7% were women). Among these participants, 6,745, 16,961, and 6,260 participants eventually developed T2DM, CVD, and CKD, respectively. Compared with the participants with normoglycaemia, those with prediabetes showed a higher risk of these adverse outcomes. In addition, those prediabetic participants with a lifestyle score of 0‐1 had a significantly higher risk of T2DM (hazard ratio [HR] 16.73, 95% CI 14.24, 19.65), CVD (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.74, 2.21), and CKD (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.58, 2.34) compared with those with no prediabetes and a score of 5–6. Moreover, among the participants with prediabetes, the HRs for T2DM, CVD, and CKD comparing a lifestyle score of 5–6 versus 0‐1 decreased to 0.43 (95% CI 0.36, 0.51), 0.52 (95% CI 0.44, 0.62), and 0.60 (95% CI 0.46, 0.79), respectively. Conclusions: Combined healthy lifestyle factors were associated with a significantly lower risk of multiple adverse outcomes, including T2DM, CVD, and CKD. This indicates that prioritising multifactorial approaches to behavioural lifestyle modification is crucial for preventing and postponing the development of complications related to prediabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encapsulating individual mammalian cells with biomimetic materials holds potential in ex vivo cell culture and engineering. However, current methodologies often present tradeoffs between homogeneity, stability, and cell compatibility. Here, inspired by bacteria that use proteins stably anchored on their outer membranes to nucleate biofilm growth, we develop a single‐cell encapsulation strategy by using a DNA framework structure as a nucleator (DFN) to initiate the growth of DNA hydrogels under cell‐friendly conditions. We find that among the tested structures, the tetrahedral DFN can evenly and stably reside on cell membranes, effectively initiating hybridization chain reactions which generate homogeneously dense yet flexible single‐cell encapsulation for diverse cell lines. The encapsulation persists for up to 72 hours in a serum‐containing cell culture environment, representing a ~70‐fold improvement compared to encapsulations mediated by single‐stranded DNA nucleators. The metabolism and proliferation of the encapsulated cells are suppressed, but can be restored to the original efficiencies upon release, suggesting the superior cell compatibility of the encapsulation. We also find that compared to naked cells, the encapsulated cells exhibit a lower autophagy level after undergoing mechanical stress, suggesting the protective effect of the DNA encapsulation. This method may provide a new tool for ex vivo cell engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) members including FGFR1–4 have been identified as promising novel therapeutic targets and prognostic markers in multiple solid tumors. However, the predictive role of the expression of FGFR proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires further exploration. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical evaluation of FGFR1–4 was performed on 161 paired OSCC samples. The associations of FGFRs with clinicopathologic and prognostic parameters were analyzed. To further assess the contribution of FGFRs to OSCC proliferation, cell lines, and one PDX model was utilized to examine the anti‐tumor effect of the pan‐FGFR inhibitor AZD4547. Results: All FGFR members were found to be overexpressed in OSCC tumors when compared to normal tissues, and their expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease‐free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed high expression of FGFR1 (p = 0.014) and FGFR4 (p = 0.009) were independent prognostic factors and co‐overexpression of FGFR1 and FGFR4 with lymph node metastasis increased HR for death (p = 0.02). The pan‐FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 showed anti‐tumor activity in cell lines and in a patient‐derived xenograft of OSCC. Conclusions: This study highlights the co‐overexpression of FGFR1 and FGFR4 as a significantly poor prognosis indicator in OSCC when combined with lymph node metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, 5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics were air‐annealed at different temperatures to eliminate oxygen vacancies for laser performance improvement. The influence of annealing temperature on microstructures, optical quality, and laser performance was investigated comprehensively. The ceramics HIP (Hot isostatic pressing) post‐treated at 1750°C and annealed above 1100°C show a significant optical quality decrease due to residual pore expansion, and the ceramic sample annealed at 900°C shows better laser performance than others. The maximum output of 2.88 W was obtained at 1033.3 nm with a slope efficiency of 37.4% under a quasi‐continuous wave (QCW) mode. Note that 5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics HIP post‐treated at 1550°C still keep good transparency even when being annealed at 1300°C due to less residual compressed pores. The highest slope efficiency is about 73.8% with a maximum output power of 2.84 W under QCW. Fine‐grained and dense Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics could be annealed at higher temperatures to eliminate oxygen vacancies more thoroughly to improve laser performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcogenide perovskites are an emerging family of perovskite materials, which possess excellent optoelectronic properties comparable with halide perovskites, avoiding the drawbacks of toxicity and poor stability. Due to the superiorities of strong light absorption, direct bandgaps, excellent carrier transport abilities, high defect tolerance, robust stability, and non‐toxicity, chalcogenide perovskites have been extensively studied as photovoltaic materials. However, the light emitting potential of chalcogenide perovskites is ignored or less explored. In this work, an Eu2+ doping strategy is proposed to activate the light emitting abilities of chalcogenide perovskite. The synthesized SrHfS3:Eu2+ powder exhibits intense red emission of Eu2+ through the relaxation of 4f65d1 to 4f75d0. The strong interband absorption of SrHfS3, as a distinct character of chalcogenide perovskite, harvests the optical energy and funnels it to the luminescent center Eu2+. Besides, SrHfS3:Eu2+ is characterized by superior semiconducting properties, suggesting its strong potential as suitable emitters in light‐emitting diodes. Moreover, the obtained SrHfS3:Eu2+ powder and its luminescence properties remain stable under ultraviolet irradiation, water, and high temperature testing. The above observations open a new frontier for exploring luminescent chalcogenide perovskites, highlighting their great potential in lighting and displays, rather than being limited to photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid restoration of perfusion in ischemic myocardium is the most direct and effective treatment for coronary heart disease but may cause myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Cinnamaldehyde (CA, C9H8O), a key component in the well‐known Chinese medicine cinnamomum cassia, has cardioprotective effects against MIRI. This study aimed to observe the therapeutic effect of CA on MIRI and to elucidate its potential mechanism. H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with CA solution at 0, 10, and 100 μM, respectively and subjected to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Then the cell viability, the NF‐κB and caspase3 gene levels, the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. The severity of DNA damage was assessed by tail moment (TM) values using alkaline comet assay. Besides, the DNA damage‐related proteins and the key proteins of the Nrf2 pathway were detected by western blot. CA treatment increased the cell viability, GHS/GSSG ratio, SOD level, PARP1, Nrf2, PPAR‐γ, and HO‐1 protein levels of H9C2 cardiomyocytes, while reducing NF‐κB, caspase3, ROS level, 4‐HNE and MDA content, γ‐H2AX protein level, and TM values. Inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway reversed the effect of CA on cell viability and apoptosis of OGD/R induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Besides, 100 μM CA was more effective than 10 μM CA. In the OGD/R‐induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte model, CA can protect cardiomyocytes from MIRI by attenuating lipid peroxidation and repairing DNA damage. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 5 (TRAF5) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human malignancies. This work aimed to clarify the role of TRAF5 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. Herein, we uncovered that TRAF5 level was reduced in LUAD tissues. Low TRAF5 expression correlated with dismal prognosis in LUAD patients. Moreover, upregulated TRAF5 impeded cell viability, migration, and invasion, induced apoptosis in vitro, as well as impaired tumorigenicity in vivo. However, depletion of TRAF5 revealed opposing results. Moreover, TRAF5 was identified as the downstream target of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3)‐elicited N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification. METTL3 stabilized TRAF5 mRNA and positively modulated TRAF5 level. Further, TRAF5 depletion relieved the repressive phenotype caused by METTL3 addition. In addition, it was manifested that the METTL3/TRAF5 axis served as an inhibitor in LUAD through the PI3K/AKT/Nuclear Factor‐Kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling. Collectively, we propose that METTL3‐mediated TRAF5 m6A modification exerted as a vital tumor inhibitory function in LUAD development. The METTL3/TRAF5 axis may be a critical effector of LUAD progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YAG:Ce/YAG:Cr/YAG:Pr composite phosphor ceramics with barcode structure were prepared by tape casting combined with the solid‐state reaction method. This structure provides a convenient and effective method for regulating the optical parameters such as luminous efficacy (LE), color rendering, and correlated color temperature (CCT) of white light‐emitting diodes/laser diodes (LEDs/LDs). For the sample with a thickness ratio of 6:6:6 for YAG:Ce, YAG:Cr, and YAG:Pr, the in‐line transmittance reaches 60% at 800 nm, and it shows a good optical performance with the LE of 106 lm/W, the color gamut (Rg) of 77, the color fidelity index (Rf) of 86, and the CCT of 7642 K. The electroluminescence spectra and color coordinates can be adjusted by changing the ratio of each component in the composite ceramic and the thickness of the ceramic because the tape casting method allows precise control of the thickness of each ceramic layer. The high tunability provides more freedom in the performance design of composite phosphor ceramics and makes them the most promising candidate for high brightness white LEDs/LDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen‐doped, carbon‐supported transition metal catalysts are excellent for several reactions. Structural engineering of M−Nx sites to boost catalytic activity is rarely studied. Here, we demonstrate that the structural flexibility of Fe−N3 site is vital for tuning the electronic structure of Fe atoms and regulating the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) activity. By introducing carbon defects, we construct Fe−N3 sites with varying Fe−N bond lengths distinguishable by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. We investigate the CTH activity by density‐functional theory and microkinetic calculations and reveal that the vertical displacement of the Fe atom out of the plane of the support, induced by the Fe−N3 distortion, raises the Fe 3dz2 ${3{d}_{{z}^{2}}{\rm \ }}$ orbital and strengthens binding. We propose that the activity is controlled by the relaxation of the reconstructed site, which is further affected by Fe−N bond length, an excellent activity descriptor. We elucidate the origin of the CTH activity and principles for high‐performing Fe−N−C catalysts by defect engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duration of response (DOR) and time to response (TTR) are typically evaluated as secondary endpoints in early‐stage clinical studies in oncology when efficacy is assessed by the best overall response and presented as the overall response rate. Despite common use of DOR and TTR in particular in single‐arm studies, the definition of these endpoints and the questions they are intended to answer remain unclear. Motivated by the estimand framework, we present relevant scientific questions of interest for DOR and TTR and propose corresponding estimand definitions. We elaborate on how to deal with relevant intercurrent events which should follow the same considerations as implemented for the primary response estimand. A case study in mantle cell lymphoma illustrates the implementation of relevant estimands of DOR and TTR. We close the paper with practical recommendations to implement DOR and TTR in clinical study protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration into the host genome is an important factor in HPV(+)OPSCC carcinogenesis, in conjunction with HPV oncoproteins E6/E7. However, a well‐studied investigation about virus–host interaction still needs to be completed. Our objective is to characterise HPV integration to investigate potential mechanisms of tumourigenesis independent of E6/E7 oncoproteins. Materials and methods: High‐throughput viral integration detection was performed on 109 HPV(+)OPSCC tumours with relevant clinicopathological information. Of these tumours, 38 tumours underwent targeted gene sequencing, 29 underwent whole exome sequencing and 26 underwent RNA sequencing. Results: HPV integration was detected in 94% of tumours (with a mean integration count of 337). Tumours occurring at the tonsil/oropharyngeal wall that exhibit higher PD‐L1 expression demonstrated increased integration sites (p =.024). HPV exhibited a propensity for integration at genomic sites located within specific fragile sites (FRA19A) or genes associated with functional roles such as cell proliferation and differentiation (PTEN, AR), immune evasion (CD274) and glycoprotein biosynthesis process (FUT8). The viral oncogenes E2, E4, E6 and E7 tended to remain intact. HPV fragments displayed enrichment within host copy number variation (CNV) regions. However, insertions into genes related to altered homologous recombination repair were infrequent. Genes with integration had distinct expression levels. Fifty‐nine genes whose expression level was affected by viral integration were identified, for example, EPHB1, which was reported to be involved in cellular protein metabolic process. Conclusions: HPV can promote oncogenesis through recurrent integration into functional host genome regions, leading to subsequent genomic aberrations and gene expression disruption. This study characterises viral integrations and virus–host interactions, enhancing our understanding of HPV‐related carcinogenesis mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration across disciplines is a critical form of scientific collaboration to solve complex problems and make innovative contributions. This study focuses on the association between multidisciplinary collaboration measured by coauthorship in publications and the disruption of publications measured by the Disruption (D) index. We used authors' affiliations as a proxy of the disciplines to which they belong and categorized an article into multidisciplinary collaboration or monodisciplinary collaboration. The D index quantifies the extent to which a study disrupts its predecessors. We selected 13 journals that publish articles in six disciplines from the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) database and then constructed regression models with fixed effects and estimated the relationship between the variables. The findings show that articles with monodisciplinary collaboration are more disruptive than those with multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, we uncovered the mechanism of how monodisciplinary collaboration disrupts science more than multidisciplinary collaboration by exploring the references of the sampled publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes or alkenes with unreactive C−P bonds remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we used a Ni−Al bimetallic catalyst to realize an intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes with 5‐membered phosphole oxides, providing a series of 7‐membered phosphepines in up to 94 % yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barium oxide is a conventional promoter for various transition‐metal (TM) catalysts in ammonia synthesis. Ba‐promoted Ru catalysts are widely used for ammonia synthesis under mild reaction conditions. However, the promotion mechanism, including the active factor, remains unclear. In this study, the excellent promotion effect of barium oxynitride is reported, which creates anionic electrons in the lattice, forming an electride (BaOxNy:e−z) with the same rocksalt structure as BaO. The BaOxNy:e−z enhances the ammonia synthesis activity of the supported Ru catalyst by 40–100 fold compared with the BaO promotor. This study reveals that a low‐work‐function electron formed in the BaO lattice plays a pivotal role in the electronic promotion effect in catalytic ammonia synthesis, suggesting that BaOxNy:e−z formed near the surface during the ammonia synthesis reaction is an active species for the promotion effect of conventional BaO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease in middle and old‐aged women with a dry mucosal surface, which is caused by the dysfunction of secretory glands, such as the oral cavity, eyeballs, and pharynx. Pathologically, Sjogren's syndrome are characterized by lymphocyte infiltration into the exocrine glands and epithelial cell destruction caused by autoantibodies Ro/SSA and La/SSB. At present, the exact pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome is unclear. Evidence suggests epithelial cell death and the subsequent dysfunction of salivary glands as the main causes of xerostomia. This review summarizes the modes of salivary gland epithelial cell death and their role in Sjogren's syndrome progression. The molecular mechanisms involved in salivary gland epithelial cell death during Sjogren's syndrome as potential leads to treating the disease are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the desired anode materials to address the issues of poor structural stability tardy redox kinetics caused by large potassium ionic radius are fatal for the realization of large‐scale applications of potassium‐ion batteries. In this work, the feasibility to achieve promoted K+ storage by constructing the model of CoS2 enfolded in carbon was verified by the density functional theory calculations. And the results predicted a faster electron/potassium ion transport kinetics than bare CoS2 by increasing electron carrier density and narrowing diffusion barrier. Therefore, an interfacial engineering strategy was applied and implemented to synthesize the CoS2 nanoparticles enveloped in the S‐doped carbon (CoS2/SC) under this inspiration. The as‐prepared CoS2/SC composite exhibited a prominent rate capability and long cycling lifespan, delivering the high capacity of 375 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 at the 100th cycle and 273 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 over 300 cycles. The in/ex situ characterizations unraveled the converse mechanism of CoS2/SC in K+ storage, showing an eventually reversible phase transformation of KxCoS2↔Co within the electrochemical reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics were fabricated successfully by vacuum sintering along with hot isostatic pressing posttreatment from the nanopowders. The influences of calcination temperature on morphology and microstructures of powders and ceramics were studied systematically. The optimal ceramic sample from the nanopowder calcined at 1050°C shows uniform and dense microstructure with the in‐line transmittance of 81.5% at 1100 nm. The results of the thermal measurements, that is, thermal conductivity and specific heat, were related to the changes occurring in the microstructure of the ceramics studied. It was shown on this basis that appropriate control of the technological process of sintering ceramics makes it possible to obtain laser ceramics with very good thermal properties as well as maintaining their high optical quality. Concerning the laser performance, the highest‐optical quality 5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 sample was pumped in quasi‐continuous wave conditions measuring a maximum output power of 2.59 W with a corresponding slope efficiency of 32.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunoprofile, and molecular alterations of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in children and young adults. Materials and methods: Twelve cases of ACC were included. MYB, MYBL1, Ki‐67, type IV Collagen, Laminin, and LAMB1 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. MYB and MYBL1 rearrangements were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: Among 12 patients, four were female and eight were male. Seven cases (58.3%) located in major salivary glands and eight cases (66.7%) were classified as Grade I. Ten tumors (83.3%) had collagenous and hyalinized stroma. MYB was positive in 83.3% cases, and the average Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) was 8.3%. LAMB1, type IV Collagen, and Laminin were positive in 91.7%, 66.7%, and 58.3% cases, respectively. Besides, three out of eight tumors had MYB rearrangement. Cases without MYB rearrangement were negative for MYBL1 expression and MYBL1 rearrangement. The average follow‐up time was 91.8 months. Four patients had recurrent diseases. Conclusions: ACC in children and young adults was seen more frequently in males and major salivary glands. Most cases had ECM and hyaline stroma. Grade III tumors, higher Ki‐67 LI, negative expression of type IV Collagen, and Laminin showed a tendency of higher recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐energy physics community is looking for a hard, fast, and low‐cost scintillation material, and Ce:Lu3Al5O12 (Ce:LuAG) ceramic is one of the competitive candidates. This work presents Ce,Ca:LuAG scintillation ceramics with good optical quality, and the influence of Ce and Ca concentrations on optical and scintillation properties was fully analyzed. At relatively low level of Ce concentration, the less Ca2+ content is needed to achieve a significant intensity increase in fast scintillation component while maintaining a relatively high light yield (LY). The introduction of only 0.1 at% Ca2+ could increase the LY0.5 μs/LY3.0 μs from 79.9% to 96.1% in Ce,Ca:LuAG ceramics of 0.1 at% Ce. First‐principles investigations are further performed to reveal the tuning mechanisms of the scintillation properties of LuAG by Ce and Ca codoping. We show that the Fermi level shifts down with Ca codoping, which increases the Ce4+ content and decreases the depth of the electron traps (VO), resulting to a faster decay. Moreover, the formation preference of Ca‐VO complexes over Ce‐VO leads to the suppression of the non‐radiative decay of Ce via VO. In summary, our study demonstrates the realization of the performance tuning of LuAG via Ce and Ca codoping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein channels on the biofilm conditionally manipulate ion transport via regulating the distribution of charge residues, making analogous processes on artificial membranes a hot spot and challenge. Here, we employ metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) membrane with charge‐adjustable subnano‐channel to selectively govern ion transport. Various valent ions are binded with crown ethers embedded in the MOF cavity, which act as charged guest to regulate the channels' charge state from the negativity to positivity. Compared with the negatively charged channel, the positive counterpart obviously enhances Li+/Mg2+ selectivity, which benefit from the reinforcement of the electrostatic repulsion between ions and the channel. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations reveal that Mg2+ transport through the more positively charged channel needed to overcome higher entrance energy barrier than that of Li+. This work provides a subtle strategy for ion‐selective transport upon regulating the charge state of insulating membrane, which paves the way for the application like seawater desalination and lithium extraction from salt lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting the pivotal pathological processes of acute kidney injury (AKI) and parallelly monitoring the treatment process has emerged as an intriguing strategy for the timely tailored treatment of AKI, especially in the acute phase. Unfortunately, current clinical treatment approaches are restricted to supportive care, which shows limited efficiency. Herein, a multiantioxidant‐cooperative polydopamine‐based nanotheranostic platform (mc‐PDATP) is reported to achieve imaging‐assisted time‐sensitive therapy of AKI. Benefiting from the decoration of atomic Cu, mc‐PDATP comprehensively mimics the complicated antioxidant defense system as in natural environment, thus displaying improved catalytic activity to multiple toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm mc‐PDATP can efficiently protect the kidney from ROS attack and rescue the kidney function via targeting the inflammatory network of AKI. In addition, the coordinated atomic Gd contributes to a desired magnetic resonance (MR) T1‐weighted contrast effect of mc‐PDATP, which can be used to construct the sensitive MR histogram imaging signatures for pinpointing treatment effects in a timely manner. The study represents an innovative strategy for anti‐AKI therapy, which will facilitate the development of next‐generation theranostic nano‐antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is a T cell‐mediated organ‐specific autoimmune disease. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is an excellent marker for the induction and development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recent studies showed that single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FoxP3 gene were associated with the increased susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we investigated the association of FoxP3 gene polymorphisms with GD in a Southwest Chinese Han population. Methods: A two‐stage case‐control study was performed in 890 healthy controls (male, 282; female, 608) and 503 patients with GD (male, 138; female, 365). Four SNPs (rs3761548, rs3761549, rs3761547, and rs2280883) were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The χ2 test was used to compare the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between GD patients and healthy controls. Results: In the first stage, the significantly increased frequencies of the A allele (p =.031, odds ratio [OR] = 1.635) and AA genotype (p =.023, OR = 3.257), together with a significantly decreased frequency of the C allele (p =.031, OR = 0.611) of FoxP3/rs3761548 were found in female patients with GD. None of the other FoxP3 SNPs was associated with GD susceptibility. Subsequent validation and combination of data confirmed the association between FoxP3/rs3761548 and the female patients with GD (A allele: p <.001, OR = 1.672; AA genotype: p =.005, OR = 2.488; CC genotype: p =.001, OR = 0.622; C allele: p <.001, OR = 0.615, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that FoxP3/rs3761548 is significantly associated with female GD patients in a Southwest Chinese Han population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of Al2O3–Ce:YAG phosphor powders were synthesized by regulating the excess Al3+ of (Y,Ce)3Al5O12 via coprecipitation method for the first time, where Al3+, Ce3+, and Y3+ elements were uniformly distributed. With the increase of Al3+ content, the morphology of the powders changed from wormlike shapes to flaky shapes, and Y3Al5O12 phases had a tendency to convert to YAlO3 phases. The x wt.% Al2O3–(Y0.999Ce0.001)3Al5O12 (x = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70) composite phosphor ceramics (CPCs) were obtained by vacuum sintering (1775°C × 10 h), where Al2O3 and Ce:YAG phases were also well‐distributed. When the Al2O3 content was 30–40 wt.%, the average grain size of Al2O3 was close to that of Ce:YAG. A solid‐state laser lighting device was constructed by a 450 nm laser source and CPCs in a reflection mode. By adjusting the laser power, the correlated color temperature (CCT) values of white laser diodes (LDs) were achieved close to the standard white light of 6500 K. Impressively, the white LDs equipped with the 40 wt.% Al2O3‐containing CPCs showed the optimum CCT of 6498 K (color coordinates: 0.31 and 0.38), as well as a high luminous flux of 1169 lm and efficiency of 166 lm/W at the LD power of 7.05 W. This work has provided a potential idea to optimize the composition uniformity of Al2O3–Ce:YAG CPCs as also to explore their excellent performance in the application of white laser lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Sr0.97Eu0.01Dy0.02)Al2O4 persistent luminescence (PersL) ceramics were fabricated by solid‐state reactive sintering in vacuum combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) using H3BO3 as a sintering additive. The phase composition, microstructure, luminescence properties, trap state, and PersL performance of HIP post‐treated (Sr0.97Eu0.01Dy0.02)Al2O4 PersL ceramics were discussed. For the (Sr0.97Eu0.01Dy0.02)Al2O4 PersL ceramics after HIP post‐treatment, the initial luminescence intensity of the ceramics reached over 6400 mcd/m2 with simulated daylight irradiation of 1000 lx for 5 min, and the persistent emission decay time > 17 h. This is much better than the SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ PersL powders and the other luminescent ceramics. In addition, this method is a solid‐state reactive sintering method for synthesizing ceramics, which has the advantages of low cost and simple operation, and is suitable for large‐scale, high‐volume industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There were limited studies on the quantification of the modifiable and nonmodifiable lung cancer burden over time in China. Furthermore, the potential effect of risk factor reduction for lung cancer on gains in life expectancy (LE) remains unknown. Methods: This study explored temporal trends in lung cancer deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALY) attributable to modifiable risk factors from 1990 to 2019, based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. The abridged period life table method was used to quantify the effect of risk factors on LE. The authors used the decomposition approach to estimate contributions of aging metrics to change in the lung cancer burden. Results: Nationally, the majority of lung cancer deaths and DALYs were attributable to behavioral and environmental risk clusters. Potential gains in life expectancy (PGLE) at birth would be 0.78 years for males and 0.35 years for females if the exposure to risk factors was mitigated to the theoretical minimum level. Tobacco use had the most robust impact on LE for both sexes (PGLE: 0.71 years for males and 0.19 years for females). From 1990 to 2019, risk‐attributable age‐standardized death and DALY rates of lung cancer showed an increasing trend in both sexes; adult population growth imposed 245.9 thousand deaths and 6.2 million DALYs for lung cancer. Conclusions: The modifiable risk‐attributable lung cancer burden remains high in China. Effective tobacco control is the critical step toward addressing the lung cancer burden. Adult population growth was the foremost driver of transition in the age‐related lung cancer burden. Plain Language Summary: We estimate the lung cancer burden attributable to modifiable and nonmodifiable contributors and the effect of risk factor reduction for lung cancer on the life expectancy in China.The findings suggest that the majority of lung cancer deaths and disability‐adjusted life years were attributable to behavioral risk clusters, and the risk‐attributable lung cancer burden increased nationally from 1990 to 2019.The average gains in life expectancy would be 0.78 years for males and 0.35 years for females if the exposure to risk factors for lung cancer was reduced to the theoretical minimum risk exposure level.Adult population growth was identified as the foremost driver of variation in the aging lung cancer burden. This study emphasizes the crucial role of context‐specific interventions and policies targeted to reducing modifiable risk exposure and tackling population aging to effectively mitigate the lung cancer burden and ultimately improve the life expectancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In the present study, the ι‐carrageenase gene, Car1293, was obtained from the genome of Microbulbifer sp. YNDZ01, which was isolated from the surface of macroalgae. To date, there are few studies on ι‐carrageenase and the anti‐inflammatory activity of ι‐carrageenan oligosaccharides (CGOS). To enhance our perspective on ι‐carrageenase and ι‐carrageen oligosaccharides, the sequence, protein structure, enzymatic properties, enzymatic digestion products and anti‐inflammatory activity of the gene were investigated. RESULTS: The gene length of Car1293 is 2,589 bp, encoding an enzyme with 862 amino acids, which shares 34% similarity with any previously reported ι‐carrageenase. The spatial structure of Car1293 consists of many α‐helices with a β‐fold binding module located at its terminus, and eight binding sites were found in the binding module as a result of docking with CGOS‐DP4 ligand. The optimum temperature and pH for the activity of recombinant Car1293 toward ι‐carrageenan were 50 °C and 6.0, respectively. The hydrolysates of Car1293 are mainly degree of polymerization (DP)8, with minor products showing DP2, DP4, and DP6. The enzymatic hydrolysates CGOS‐DP8 showed prominent anti‐inflammatory activity, which was greater than that of the positive control l‐monomethylarginine in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 macrophages. It inhibited nitric oxide production, as well as significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 secretion. CONCLUSION: The ι‐carrageenase sequence encoded by Car1293 is novel and can hydrolyze carrageenan into CGOS‐DP8 that has a significant anti‐inflammatory effect. The present study fills a gap in the research on the biological activity of oligosaccharides in ι‐carrageenan and provides promising data for the development of natural anti‐inflammatory agent. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terbium aluminum garnet (Tb3Al5O12, TAG) ceramics have become a promising magneto‐optical material owing to the outstanding comprehensive performance, including the magneto‐optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Fine‐grained TAG ceramics with high optical quality and mechanical properties have attracted much attention. In this study, TAG ceramics with fine grains and high optical quality are fabricated successfully by a two‐step sintering method from co‐precipitated nano‐powders. After pre‐sintered at 1525°C in vacuum and hot isostatic pressed at 1600°C, the in‐line transmittance of TAG ceramics reaches 81.8% at 1064 nm, and the average grain size is 7.1 μm. The Verdet constant of TAG ceramics is −179.6 ± 4.8 rad T−1 m−1 at 633 nm and −52.1 ± 1.9 rad T−1 m−1 at 1064 nm, higher than that of commercial Tb3Ga5O12 crystals. The thermal conductivity of TAG ceramics is determined from 25 to 450°C, and the result is 5.12 W m−1 K−1 at 25°C and 3.61 W m−1 K−1 at 450°C. A comparison of mechanical properties between large‐ and fine‐grained TAG ceramics fabricated under different conditions is conducted. The fine‐grained TAG ceramics possess a bending strength of 226.3 ± 16.4 MPa, which is 9.7% higher than that of the large‐grained ceramics. These results indicate that reducing the grain size on the premise of high optical quality helps improve the comprehensive performance of TAG ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane curvature reflects physical forces operating on the lipid membrane, which plays important roles in cellular processes. Here, we design a mechanosensitive DNA (MSD) nanomachine that mimics natural mechanosensitive PIEZO channels to convert the membrane tension changes of lipid vesicles with different sizes into fluorescence signals in real time. The MSD nanomachine consists of an archetypical six‐helix‐bundle DNA nanopore, cholesterol‐based membrane anchors, and a solvatochromic fluorophore, spiropyran (SP). We find that the DNA nanopore effectively amplifies subtle variations of the membrane tension, which effectively induces the isomerization of weakly emissive SP into highly emissive merocyanine isomers for visualizing membrane tension changes. By measuring the membrane tension via the fluorescence of MSD nanomachine, we establish the correlation between the membrane tension and the curvature that follows the Young‐Laplace equation. This DNA nanotechnology‐enabled strategy opens new routes to studying membrane mechanics in physiological and pathological settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]