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BACKGROUND: It has been well accepted that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main bacterial genera present during the brewing of Chinese rice wine (CRW). LAB plays a decisive role in the flavor quality of CRW; however, its application in CRW has previously been overlooked. Therefore, effects of different LAB as co‐fermenter on the flavor characteristics of CRW were investigated. RESULTS: Co‐fermentation of LAB increased the utilization rate of reducing sugar, concentration of lactic acid, amino acid nitrogen and total acidity, as well as the content of volatile flavor compounds. Different LAB doses had little effect on the flavor profiles of CRW, but the species of LAB greatly affected the flavor characteristic. The flavor of CRW co‐fermented with Lactococcus lactis was characterized by long‐chain fatty acid ethyl esters, while co‐fermentation with Weissella confusa highlighted the ethyl esters of low molecular weight and short carbon chains in the resultant CRW. Alcohol compounds were dominant in the CRW co‐fermented using Pediococcus pentosaceus. CONCLUSION: The co‐fermentation of LAB increased the number of volatile flavor compounds, especially esters. LAB exhibited great potential in the application of CRW industry to enrich the flavor characteristics and enhance the flavor diversity of the final product. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Previous studies have reported that PID2, which encodes a B‐lectin receptor‐like kinase, is a key gene in the resistance of rice to Magnaporthe oryzae strain ZB15. However, the PID2‐mediated downstream signalling events remain largely unknown.The U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPIE3 (PID2‐interacting E3) was isolated and confirmed to play key roles in PID2‐mediated rice blast resistance. Yeast two‐hybrid analysis showed that the armadillo repeat region of OsPIE3 is required for its interaction with PID2. Further investigation demonstrated that OsPIE3 can modify the subcellular localisation of PID2, thus promoting its nuclear recruitment from the plasma membrane for protein degradation in the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Site‐directed mutagenesis of a conserved cysteine site (C230S) within the U‐box domain of OsPIE3 reduces PID2 translocation and ubiquitination.Genetic analysis suggested that OsPIE3 loss‐of‐function mutants exhibited enhanced resistance to M. oryzae isolate ZB15, whereas mutants with overexpressed OsPIE3 exhibited reduced resistance. Furthermore, the OsPIE3/PID2‐double mutant displayed a similar blast phenotype to that of the PID2 single mutant, suggesting that OsPIE3 is a negative regulator and functions along with PID2 in blast disease resistance.Our findings confirm that the E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPIE3 is necessary for PID2‐mediated rice blast disease resistance regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Studies using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) have shown that impaired glucose metabolism presents in the early stages of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, there is a lack of studies on changes in glucose metabolism with the stage of the disease. We first explored the features of glucose metabolic pattern at different phases of male SCZ. Methods: We recruited 83 male first episode drug‐naïve patients with SCZ (FEDN‐SCZ) and 64 male chronic patients with SCZ (CH‐SCZ), as well as 14 male healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the psychopathology of patients. OGTT, fasting plasma glucose and lipid profiles of all participants were examined. Results: While the impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) rate of male SCZ patients was higher than that of HC (P <.05), there was no difference in IGT prevalence between FEDN‐SCZ and CH‐SCZ. In male FEDN‐SCZ, LDL (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.11–6.29, P =.028) and PANSS total score (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06, P =.046) were positively correlated with IGT; in male CH‐SCZ, BMI (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.08–2.67, P =.023), PANSS total score (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70–0.96, P =.015) and positive symptoms (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.20–0.99, P =.046) were significantly correlated with IGT. Conclusions: Our findings reflect different glucose metabolism patterns in different stages of SCZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crafting spatially controllable charge transfer channels at the nanoscale level remains an enduring challenge in solar‐to‐chemical conversion technology. Despite the advancements, it still suffers from sluggish interfacial charge transport kinetics and scarcity of strategies to finely modulate charge transport pathways. Herein, this article demonstrates the unexpected charge modulation property of non‐conjugated insulating polymer assisted by a universal layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly tactic. Oppositely charged poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots (MQDs) are periodically attached to the wide bandgap metal oxides (WMOs) to design multilayered heterostructured photoanodes. The intermediate PDDA layer acts as an efficacious charge relay medium to access directional electron flow from WMOs to Ti3C2 MQDs, while Ti3C2 MQDs serve as the electron extractor. Charge transfer cascade is thus stimulated on account of the simultaneous electron‐trapping capabilities of interim PDDA layer and Ti3C2 MQDs, which synergistically favors the conspicuously boosted charge separation over WMOs, affording the WMOs/(PDDA/MQDs)n photoanodes with considerably enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performances. Moreover, PEC performances of such photoanodes can be tuned by interface configuration via assembly number and sequence. This work will provide an insightful perspective to craft a directional charge transfer pathway through insulating polymer for solar energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atherosclerosis (AS) are widespread diseases predominantly observed in the elderly population. Despite their prevalence, the underlying molecular interconnections between these two conditions are not well understood. Methods: Utilizing meta‐analysis, bioinformatics methodologies, and the GEO database, we systematically analyzed transcriptome data to pinpoint key genes concurrently differentially expressed in AD and AS. Our experimental validations in mouse models highlighted the prominence of two genes, NKRF (NF‐κB‐repressing factor) and ZBTB17 (MYC‐interacting zinc‐finger protein 1). Results: These genes appear to influence the progression of both AD and AS by modulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway, as confirmed through subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies. Conclusions: This research uncovers a novel shared molecular pathway between AD and AS, underscoring the significant roles of NKRF and ZBTB17 in the pathogenesis of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Received:21December2020 Revised:11January2021 Accepted:14January2021 Publishedonline:25January2021 DOI:10.1002/ctm2.299 LETTER TO EDITOR Alterednitricoxideinducedbygutmicrobiotarevealsthe connectionbetweencentralprecociouspubertyandobesity DearEditor, Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a neuroendocrine disease characterized by the rapid development of genitaliaandthepresenceofsecondarysexualcharacteristics beforeage8ingirlsand9inboys. Notably, the CPP-enriched Gamma-aminobutyric acid-producer Bifidobacterium 6 showed negative associationwiththeHC-enrichedBacteroides(Figure2C),while the correlation was experimentally examined 7 and the neurotransmission-relatedSutterella 5 formedpositivecorrelation with Parabacteroides in CPP patients. Since gut microbiota (GM) associatedwiththehormonesecretionandobesity, 3 itinspires us to detect the mechanism of GM in triggering CPP, and explore their roles for the co-occurrence of obesity andCPP. [Extracted from the article]

As the body's largest organ, the skin is an integrated multisensory system with self‐healing ability and helps stabilize body temperature. It is herein, inspired by natural skin, a wearable patch made from porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) skeleton, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel, and silicon oxide (SiO2) particles, offers a combination of self‐healing properties, along with hybrid radiative and evaporative cooling mechanisms, designed for electromyographic (EMG) signal detection and human‐machine interaction. The patch has both high mid‐infrared (MIR) emittance (96%) and visible to near‐infrared (visNIR) reflectance (80%), coupled with efficient water evaporation from the PVA hydrogel, resulting in a hybrid cooling power of 180 W m−2. It obtains a temperature drop of ≈7.7 °C using this patch under a solar intensity of ≈700 W m−2. Furthermore, the patch demonstrates self‐healing ability with ultrafast recovery of electrical conductivity (1 s) and a self‐healing efficiency (≈71%) of fracture strain. Thus, the wearable patch can detect high‐quality EMG signals and provide cooling effects and self‐healing capabilities that enhance comfortability and durability. These features make the patch an advanced solution for developing next‐generation wearable patches that can meet the rigorous demands of durable body temperature control in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg weekly doses were approved for additional glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and 0.75 or 1.5 mg weekly doses of dulaglutide. Effects such as nausea and vomiting are commonly reported with dulaglutide and other glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist therapies. Based on a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model‐informed approach, a stepwise dose‐escalation scheme with 4‐week intervals between dose increments was suggested to mitigate gastrointestinal events for dulaglutide. These gastrointestinal events are dose dependent and attenuate over time with repeated dosing. A Markov chain Monte Carlo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic joint model was developed using AWARD‐11 data (N = 1842) to optimize dulaglutide dose escalation to 3.0 and 4.5 mg to mitigate gastrointestinal events. Model simulations evaluated probabilities of nausea and vomiting events for various dosing scenarios in patients needing higher doses for additional glycemic control. The model indicated that patients may dose escalate from 1.5 to 3.0 mg, then 4.5 mg weekly after at least 4 weeks on each dose. No clinically meaningful differences in nausea or vomiting events were expected when patients escalated to 3.0 or 4.5 mg following initiation at 0.75 or 1.5 mg dulaglutide. Based on the findings of this model, a minimum 4‐week duration at each dose before escalation was appropriate to reduce gastrointestinal events of dulaglutide, consistent with observed gastrointestinal events data from the AWARD‐11 study and supporting the currently recommended dose‐escalation regimen of dulaglutide doses of 3.0 and 4.5 mg for additional glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point‐to‐point (PTP) motion of the end effector is an essential part for using robot manipulators to perform precision machining task. Traditionally, it is implemented by several motors with complex transmission mechanism, which causes slow responses, low positioning precision and dynamic performance. Therefore, dynamics analysis and modified electrifying method of a permanent magnet spherical motor (PMSM), which can provide up to three degrees‐of‐freedom independently for PTP motion is presented in this study. First, a new inverse kinematics method for solving PMSM's rotation angle using a cross‐product between two points is proposed. Through dynamics analysis, the control torque is designed by using sinusoidal function to plan the PTP motion. Second, a modified electrifying method by combined coils has been proposed based on the current–torque equation, which deduced the calculation burden by reducing the dimensions of characteristic matrix. Finally, the simulations and experimental results show that PTP motion trajectory planning based on sinusoidal function and the modified electrifying control method can not only reduce the torque disturbance and increase the electromagnetic torque, but also has the advantages of relatively simple control and better tracking control performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Mecci et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15296. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Inhibition of neprilysin, an enzyme degrading natriuretic and other vasoactive peptides, is beneficial in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), as shown in PARADIGM-HF which compared the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan with enalapril. As neprilysin is also one of many enzymes clearing amyloid-β peptides from the brain, there is a theoretical concern about the long-term effects of sacubitril/valsartan on cognition. Therefore, we have examined dementia-related adverse effects (AEs) in PARADIGM-HF and placed these findings in the context of other recently conducted HFrEF trials. Methods In PARADIGM-HF, patients with symptomatic HFrEF were randomized to sacubitril/valsartan 97/103mg b.i.d. or and results enalapril 10mg b.i.d. in a 1:1 ratio. We systematically searched AE reports, coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), using Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQs) with 'broad' and 'narrow' preferred terms related to dementia. In PARADIGM-HF, 8399 patients aged 18-96 years were randomized and followed for a median of 2.25 years (up to 4.3 years). The narrow SMQ search identified 27 dementia-related AEs: 15 (0.36%) on enalapril and 12 (0.29%) on sacubitril/valsartan [hazard ratio (HR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33-1.59]. The broad search identified 97 (2.30%) and 104 (2.48%) AEs (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.75-1.37), respectively. The rates of dementia-related AEs in both treatment groups in PARADIGM-HF were similar to those in three other recent trials in HFrEF . Conclusion We found no evidence that sacubitril/valsartan, compared with enalapril, increased dementia-related AEs, although longer follow-up may be necessary to detect such a signal and more sensitive tools are needed to detect lesser degrees of cognitive impairment. Further studies to address this question are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to describe the PK of nalmefene in healthy subjects and to relate the exposure of nalmefene to the μ-opioid receptor occupancy by simulations in the target population. Methods Data from nine phase I studies (243 subjects) with extensive blood sampling were pooled and used for the population PK model building. Data from four other phase I studies (85 subjects) were pooled and used as an external validation dataset. Eight subjects from an imaging study contributed occupancy data and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship was modelled. Combining the population PK model and the PK/PD relationship enabled simulations to predict μ-opioid occupancy. Results A two compartment model with first order absorption best described the nalmefene PK data. The typical subject in the population was estimated to have a systemic clearance of 60.4 l h−1 and a central volume of distribution of 266 l. Absolute oral bioavailability was estimated to 41% without food intake and with food about 53%. Simulation of the μ-opioid receptor occupancy shows that the 95% confidence bound is within or above 60-90% occupancy for up to 22-24 h after a single dose of 20 mg nalmefene. Conclusions A robust population PK model for nalmefene was developed. Based on the concentration-occupancy model the μ-opioid receptor occupancy after a single 20 mg dose of nalmefene is predicted to be above the target therapeutic occupancy for about 24 h in about 95% of the target population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An organocatalytic enantioselective decarboxylative Mannich reaction of malonic acid half oxyesters with cyclic ketimines was developed for the preparation of enantioenriched β‐amino esters with a quaternary stereogenic center and the anti‐HIV drug DPC 083 (see scheme). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to apply and develop fluorine‐free slag in steelmaking, it is of great significance to study the effect of composition for fluorine‐free refining slag on the cleanliness of molten steel which affects its performance directly. The effect of composition of fluorine‐free refining slag with medium and high basicity on the contents of impurity elements for sulfur and oxygen, and characteristics of inclusions in SWRS82B hard wire steel, are investigated systematically. Sulfide capacity of refining slag is estimated based on the Royal Swedish Institute of Technology model. Dissolved oxygen content in molten steel equilibrated by refining slag is calculated based on Factsage software and classical thermodynamics. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results. The plasticity of inclusions at high temperature and low temperature is analyzed by phase diagram and Young's modulus calculation. The best cleanliness and inclusions of SWRS82B steel are obtained with slag composition of 53%CaO–19%SiO2–19%Al2O3–7%MgO, which has good melting characteristics. The impurity elements sulfur and oxygen in steel can be controlled for 26 and 19 ppm, respectively, and the average size of inclusions is 2.84 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Low environmental temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation and fruit colouration by up-regulating the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation in many fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanism by which fruit trees regulate this process in response to low temperature (LT) remains largely unknown. In this study, the cold-induced bHLH transcription factor gene MdbHLH3 was isolated from an apple tree and was found to interact physically and specifically through two regions (amino acids 1-23 and 186-228) at the N terminus with the MYB partner MdMYB1 (allelic to MdMYB10). Subsequently, MdbHLH3 bound to the promoters of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes MdDFR and MdUFGT and the regulatory gene MdMYB1 to activate their expression. Furthermore, the MdbHLH3 protein was post-translationally modified, possibly involving phosphorylation following exposure to LTs, which enhanced its promoter-binding capacity and transcription activity. Our results demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which MdbHLH3 regulates LT-induced anthocyanin accumulation and fruit colouration in apple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors widely distributed in the central nervous system, and have been extensively investigated for their roles in embryonic development, synaptic plasticity and neuroexcitoxicity. Their functions in the peripheral nervous system and non-neural tissues have caught much attention recently. Over-activation of NMDA receptors induces excitotoxic lung injury. But the endogenous cell types in the lungs that express NMDA receptors remains elusive and the molecular mechanism underlies NMDA-induced lung injury has not been fully characterized. In this work, we reported that functional NMDA receptors were expressed in alveolar type II cells in the lungs. Over-activation of these receptors led to down-regulation of pulmonary surfactants synthesis. We further demonstrated that decreased cellular choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase alpha expression induced by NMDA treatment accounted for the decreased pulmonary surfactants synthesis. Our results provided important clues for treatment of glutamate lung injury by modulating pulmonary surfactants system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many proteins have been shown to participate in ligand-stimulated endocytosis of EGF receptor (EGFR), the adaptor protein responsible for interaction of activated EGFR with endocytic machinery remains elusive. We show here that EGF stimulates transient tyrosine phosphorylation of Tom1L1 by the Src family kinases, resulting in transient interaction of Tom1L1 with the activated EGFR bridged by Grb2 and Shc. Cytosolic Tom1L1 is recruited onto the plasma membrane and subsequently redistributes into the early endosome. Mutant forms of Tom1L1 defective in Tyr-phosphorylation or interaction with Grb2 are incapable of interaction with EGFR. These mutants behave as dominant-negative mutants to inhibit endocytosis of EGFR. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Tom1L1 inhibits endocytosis of EGFR. The C-terminal tail of Tom1L1 contains a novel clathrin-interacting motif responsible for interaction with the C-terminal region of clathrin heavy chain, which is important for exogenous Tom1L1 to rescue endocytosis of EGFR in Tom1L1 knocked-down cells. These results suggest that EGF triggers a transient Grb2/Shc-mediated association of EGFR with Tyr-phosphorylated Tom1L1 to engage the endocytic machinery for endocytosis of the ligand–receptor complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We describe our initial experience with renal arterial catheterization for temporary balloon occlusion of renal artery and hypothermic perfusion during laparoscopic partial nephectomy and compare the preoperative and postoperative nephron function. Methods: Fifteen patients received laparoscopic partial nephrectomy from September 2005 to December 2006. During the operations, the balloons of the arterial catheters were filled with distilled water to achieve pedicle control. Chilled Ringers lactate was continuously infused into the catheters for renal hypothermia. Postoperative Tc-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal scintigraphies were carried out to estimate differential renal function. The volumes of the renal tumors, tumor-bearing and contralateral kidneys from CT scans were measured using commercial software. Estimated creatinine clearance was calculated with Cockroft Gault formula. Results: All procedures were successfully completed. Mean tumor size was 18.4 mL (range 2.14 to 59.0). Estimated mean intraoperative blood loss was 287 mL (range minimal to 1200). Mean estimated creatinine clearance per unit volume of functional renal parenchyma did not change statistically after the operation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that ischemic time was a significant variable which correlated with the value of lost total estimated creatinine clearance of the tumor bearing kidney. Conclusions: The initial experience shows that renal arterial catheterization for temporary balloon occlusion and hypothermic perfusion of the renal artery in laparoscopic partial nephectomy is safe, feasible and effective. The postoperative kidney function measured by mean estimated creatinine clearance per unit of functional renal volume was similar to the preoperative measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic microvasculitis predominantly involving the capillaries. We investigated the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in microvessels of DM patients. Twelve patients with acute or subacute onset of proximal muscle weakness and erythematous rash over their faces and shoulders were included in this study. Serum creatine phosphokinase was elevated in almost all patients. Electromyograph showed a myopathic pattern in all patients. Muscle biopsies were performed in all patients and 10 non-DM controls and studied with histological, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. von Willebrand factor, TM and eNOS antibodies were used as the primary antibodies. Perifascicular degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration in the perimysium were noted in almost all patients. Non-special esterase staining was markedly positive in capillary and microvascular endothelium. Marked reduction in TM and eNOS staining was noted in DM patients in perimysium microvessels and perifascicular area capillaries. Vascular lesions in DM were not only limited to capillaries. The low expression of TM and eNOS in microvessels suggests the anticoagulation and vasodilation functions of vascular endothelium is reduced. DM is an inflammatory vascular endothelial disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. There is considerable controversy regarding the tolerance of diabetic hearts to ischaemia and the underlying mechanisms responsible for the increased heart tolerance to ischamia remain uncertain. In the present study, we observed, in vitro, type 1 diabetic heart responses to ischaemia and reperfusion at different degrees of hyperglycaemia. In addition, the possible role of increased osmolarity in cardioprotection due to hyperglycaemia was evaluated. 2. Hearts from 3 week streptozocin-induced diabetic rats were isolated and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion. Cardiac function and the electrocardiogram were recorded. Myocardial content of osmolarity associated heat shock protein (hsp) 90, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and anti-oxidant enzymes were determined in diabetic or hyperosmotic solution-perfused hearts using western blot. The hsp90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG; 2 × 10−7 mol/L) or the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (1 × 10−5 mol/L) was added to the perfusate to observe the effects of hsp90 inhibition and hsp90-associated endothelial NOS on ischaemic responses of diabetic hearts. 3. Compared with normal control rats, diabetic hearts with severe hyperglycaemia (blood glucose > 20 mmol/L) showed markedly improved postischaemic heart function with fewer reperfusion arrhythmias. Mild hyperglycaemia (< 12 mmol/L) exhibited no significant cardioprotection. 4. Elevated expression of hsp90 accompanied the enhanced resistance to ischaemia in diabetic hearts, which was abrogated by 17-AAG. In the presence of the NOS inhibitor, heart function was preserved, whereas reperfusion arrhythmias were increased in diabetes. Diabetic hearts also had markedly elevated HO-1 and catalase, with no significant change in superoxide dismutase. Hyperosmotic perfusion with glucose or mannitol also increased myocardial hsp90 and catalase. 5. The present findings reveal that heart resistance to ischaemia is increased in short-term type 1 diabetes with severe hyperglycaemia. Elevated osmolarity caused by significant hyperglycaemia may contribute to the enhanced myocardial activity against oxidative injury during ischaemia and reperfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrophils are a normal constituent of the female reproductive tract and their numbers increase in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle prior to menses. Several cytokines are produced in female reproductive tract tissue. In particular granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a potent activator of neutrophils, is secreted in high concentrations by female reproductive tract epithelia. We previously observed that GM-CSF synergizes strongly with interleukin-8 (IL-8) in enhancing chemotaxis of neutrophils. Thus we investigated whether pretreatment of neutrophils with GM-CSF would prime subsequent chemotaxis to IL-8 in the absence of GM-CSF. Surprisingly, a 3-hr pulse of GM-CSF severely diminished chemotaxis to IL-8, whereas N-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-mediated chemotaxis was retained. Conversely, when cells were incubated without GM-CSF they retained IL-8-mediated migration but lost fMLP chemotaxis. These changes in chemotaxis did not correlate with expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 or formyl peptide receptor. However, IL-8-mediated phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase was greatly reduced in neutrophils that no longer migrated to IL-8, and was diminished in cells that no longer migrated to fMLP. Oestradiol, which is reported by some to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on neutrophils, did not change the effects of GM-CSF. These data suggest that neutrophil function may be altered by cytokines such as GM-CSF through modulation of signalling and independently of surface receptor expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Sudden death is a leading cause of mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In PARADIGM-HF, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the incidence of sudden death. The purpose of this post hoc study was to analyse the effect of sacubitril/valsartan, compared to enalapril, on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Methods and results Adverse event reports related to ventricular arrhythmias were examined in PARADIGM-HF. The effect of randomized treatment on two arrhythmia outcomes was analysed: ventricular arrhythmias and the composite of a ventricular arrhythmia, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock or resuscitated cardiac arrest. The risk of death related to a ventricular arrhythmia was examined in time-updated models. The interaction between heart failure aetiology, or baseline ICD/cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) use, and the effect of sacubitril/valsartan was analysed. Of the 8399 participants, 333 (4.0%) reported a ventricular arrhythmia and 372 (4.4%) the composite arrhythmia outcome. Ventricular arrhythmias were associated with higher mortality. Compared with enalapril, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the risk of a ventricular arrhythmia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.95; p = 0.015) and the composite arrhythmia outcome (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.97; p = 0.025). The treatment effect was maintained after adjustment and accounting for the competing risk of death. Baseline ICD/CRT-D use did not modify the effect of sacubitril/valsartan, but aetiology did: HR in patients with an ischaemic aetiology 0.93 (95% CI 0.71-1.21) versus 0.53 (95% CI 0.37-0.78) in those without an ischaemic aetiology (p for interaction = 0.020). Conclusions Sacubitril/valsartan reduced the incidence of investigator-reported ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HFrEF. This effect may have been greater in patients with a non-ischaemic aetiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floating car data (FCD), characterized by wide spatiotemporal coverage, low collection cost, and immunity to adverse weather conditions, are one of the key approaches for intelligent transportation systems to obtain real‐time urban road network traffic information. The research aims to utilize GPS data from taxis in Shanghai and vector geographic information data of the road network, with urban expressways as the research focus. Based on the different driving characteristics of expressways and the vehicles on the ramps below, a clustering analysis is employed to determine all floating vehicles traveling on the target road. Furthermore, an adaptive buffer zone consistent with the road orientation is established based on road vector geographic data. This allows for the extraction of FCD within segmented areas, and the average vehicle speed for that road segment is obtained through weighted calculations. This method fully exploits the natural characteristics of taxis in urban areas with a wide spatiotemporal distribution. The data effectiveness and coverage reach 90.2% and 85.7%, respectively, significantly surpassing the traditional grid‐based extraction method for FCD. Additionally, to capture the long‐term spatiotemporal dependencies of road network traffic states, a spatial–temporal autoformer (STAF) network based on spatial–temporal sequence autocorrelation is employed for traffic state prediction. The results indicate that the STAF method demonstrates good performance in medium‐ and long‐term prediction. We believe that the proposed FCD mining method in this paper provides a new approach for efficiently extracting large‐scale road network traffic states and conducting medium‐ to long‐term predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Timely recognition of futile recanalization might enable a prompter response and thus improve outcomes in patients receiving successful thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio (FAR) could act as an indicator of futile recanalization. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy between May 2019 and June 2022. FAR was defined as postoperative blood levels of fibrinogen divided by those of albumin, and dichotomized into high and low levels based on the Youden index. Futile recanalization was defined as patients achieving a successful recanalization with a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 90 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of FAR with futile recanalization. Results: A total of 255 patients were enrolled, amongst which 87 patients (34.1%) had high postoperative FAR. Futile recanalization was more prevalent among patients with high FAR compared to those with low FAR (74.7% vs. 53.0%, p =.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, high postoperative FAR was found to independently correspond with the occurrence of futile recanalization (adjusted OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.18–4.87, p =.015). This association was consistently observed regardless of prior antithrombotic therapy, treatment of intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, and reperfusion status. Conclusion: Our findings support high postoperative FAR serving as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike conventional microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), machines based on gallium liquid metal alloys rely on Marangoni flows to induce motion without mechanical moving parts. Despite this advantage, currently developed liquid metal enabled robotic systems still need the locomotion of liquid metal droplets, thereby generating weak actuating forces and limiting their manoeuvrability. Here, a liquid metal engine (LME) is created to work as a jet thruster to continuously power a robot boat without the need of locomotion. In addition, the engine is electrically driven by surface tension without any mechanical moving parts. The structural design and the parameters of operation of the LME are investigated and optimized. Finally, the manipulation of the LME using a motor control unit is demonstrated for driving an untethered robot boat to realize complex locomotion with the precise control over the direction and speed. Thus, this LME could offer new opportunities for developing high‐performance liquid metal machines to power robotic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NASICON‐structured solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are highly promising materials for sodium solid‐state metal batteries (NaSMBs). However, the current synthesis methods are often labor‐intensive and inefficient, consuming a significant amount of energy and time. Here, an ultrafast high‐temperature synthesis (UHS) technique is successfully demonstrated to directly synthesize NASICON‐type SSEs from mixed precursor powders, reducing the synthesis time from hours to merely seconds. The intermediate with a Na3PO4 structure plays a critical role in the rapid synthesis of NASICON‐type SSEs, ultimately leading to the formation of the final NASICON phase. Moreover, the UHS‐synthesizes NASICON‐type Na3.3Zr1.7Lu0.3Si2PO12 (NZLSP) exhibits high room temperature ionic conductivity of 7.7 × 10−4 S cm−1, approximately three times that of the undoped Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP). The Na|NZLSP|Na symmetric cell can sustain highly stable cycling for over 4800 h. This study provides a novel insight and validation in the precise and targeted synthesis of complex oxide solid‐state electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Having good collaterals is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether the effect of collateral status on functional outcomes is modified by volemia at admission. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients who had acute proximal anterior circulation occlusion and underwent endovascular thrombectomy between January 2019 and June 2022. Volemia at admission, evaluated by blood urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine ratio, was used to dichotomize patients into dehydrated and hydrated groups. The primary outcome was functional independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score = 0–2). Secondary outcomes were the rates of successful reperfusion, 24‐h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the interaction between collateral status and volemia at admission on outcomes. Results: A total of 290 patients were enrolled, among whom having good collaterals was associated with functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–5.22, p = 0.003). Having good collaterals benefited dehydrated patients (adjusted OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.45–7.63, p = 0.004) but not hydrated patients (adjusted OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 0.73–6.68, p = 0.161). However, an interaction between collaterals and volemia at admission on functional independence was not observed (p = 0.319). The rates of successful reperfusion, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and all‐cause mortality were similar between those with good and poor collaterals in both dehydrated and hydrated patients. Conclusions: The effect of collateral status on the functional independence of patients undergoing thrombectomy is not modified by volemia at admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has not shown confirmative effects on the outcomes of patients receiving successful thrombectomy, it might influence the outcomes of a subset of these patients. This study aims to evaluate whether the effects of IVT depend on final reperfusion grade in patients with successful thrombectomy. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with an acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and a successful thrombectomy between January 2020 and June 2022. Final reperfusion grade was evaluated by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score, which was dichotomized into incomplete (mTICI 2b) and complete (mTICI 3) reperfusion. The primary outcome was functional independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2). Safety outcomes were 24‐h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the interactions between IVT treatment and final reperfusion grade on outcomes. Results: When comparing all 167 patients enrolled in the study, IVT did not influence the extent of functional independence (adjusted OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.65–2.95; p = 0.397). The effect of IVT on functional independence depended on final reperfusion grade (p = 0.016). IVT benefited patients with incomplete reperfusion (adjusted OR: 3.70; 95% CI 1.21–11.30; p = 0.022), but not those with complete reperfusion (adjusted OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14–1.59; p = 0.229). IVT was not associated with 24‐h symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (p = 0.190) or 90‐day all‐cause mortality (p = 0.545). Conclusions: The effect of IVT on functional independence depended on final reperfusion grade in patients with successful thrombectomy. IVT appeared to benefit patients with incomplete reperfusion, but not those with complete reperfusion. Because reperfusion grade cannot be determined prior to endovascular treatment, this study argues against withholding IVT in IVT‐eligible patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enantioselective addition of enamides to cyclic ketimines generated in situ from 3‐hydroxyisoindolin‐1‐ones was developed. This reaction takes advantage of readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, as well as enlarged reaction generality, affording chiral 3,3‐disubstituted isoindolin‐1‐ones with a quaternary stereogenic center in high yields (up to 98%) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel dual-band balun is presented. The designed 3-port balun is based on a 4-port structure with the fourth port terminated as an open end. Being a 4-port symmetrical network, even–odd-mode analysis is used to analyse the balun's performance. Based on the derived explicit design equations, a balun is designed to operate at 1.1 and 2 GHz. Numerical simulations show a low reflection coefficient S11, equal magnitude of –3 dB as well as 180° phase difference at the output ports. To validate the theoretical and numerical simulations, the proposed balun is fabricated on the FR4 Isola printed circuit board and measurement results match well with the design theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel dual‐band balun is presented. The designed 3‐port balun is based on a 4‐port structure with the fourth port terminated as an open end. Being a 4‐port symmetrical network, even–odd‐mode analysis is used to analyse the balun's performance. Based on the derived explicit design equations, a balun is designed to operate at 1.1 and 2 GHz. Numerical simulations show a low reflection coefficient S11, equal magnitude of −3 dB as well as 180° phase difference at the output ports. To validate the theoretical and numerical simulations, the proposed balun is fabricated on the FR4 Isola printed circuit board and measurement results match well with the design theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Facial expressions have been served as clinical symptoms to convey mental conditions in psychiatry. This paper proposes to recognize patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) using their facial images based on deep learning algorithm, and to investigate objective differences in facial expressions between SCZ patients and healthy controls using deep learning algorithm and statistical analyses. Methods: The study consists of two parts. The first part recruited 106 SCZ patients and 101 healthy controls, and videotaped their facial expressions through a fixed experimental paradigm. The video data were randomly divided into two sets, one for training a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the classification of "healthy control" or "SCZ patient" as output and the other for evaluating the classification result of the trained CNN. In the second part, all facial images of the recruited participants were put into another CNN separately, which was priorly trained with a facial expression database and will output the most likely facial expressions of the recruited participants. Statistical analyses were performed on the obtained facial expressions to find out the objective differences in facial expressions between the two recruited groups. Results: The trained CNN achieved an overall accuracy of 95.18% for classifying "healthy control" or "SCZ patient." Statistical results on the obtained facial expressions demonstrated that the objective differences between the two recruited groups were statistically significant (p <.05). Conclusions: Facial expressions hold great promise as SCZ clues with the help of deep learning algorithm. The proposed approach would be potentially applied to mobile devices for autorecognizing SCZ in the context of clinical and daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient synthesis of cis‐1,2‐dicyanoalkenes by the reaction of 1,1‐bis(benzenesulfonyl)alkenes with KCN was developed. This reaction was conducted in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide and NH4Cl/K3PO4 under phase‐transfer conditions. A series of cis‐1,2‐dicyanoalkenes were obtained in good to high yields. Further transformation of the obtained product allows for access to imide and dicarboxylic acid compounds. cis‐1,2‐Dicyanoalkenes can be synthesized in good to high yields by a transition‐metal‐free one‐pot reaction of 1,1‐bis(benzenesulfonyl)alkenes with KCN under phase‐transfer conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: [overview of the asymmetric synthesis of dihydrobenzoxazinone- and dihydroquinazolinone-based anti-HIV agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method tolerates a variety of aryl, hetaryl, and alkyl β-keto acids and furnishes the desired 3-functionalized 3-indolyloxindoles with an all-quaternary stereocenter in high yields and enantioselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 55-year-old man started to suffer from severe penile pain 2 days after engaging in sexual intercourse in the woman-on-top position. A fixed, 2-cm long, cord-like lesion was found on the dorsal midline of his penis which was in a partially tumescent state. Ultrasonography showed part of the deep dorsal vein was obstructed by a hyperechoic mass. Laboratory tests revealed elevated plasma factor VIII coagulant activity. The patient received thrombophlebectomy of the deep dorsal penile vein. Pathology reported venous thrombosis with eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration of the venous wall. At the outpatient follow up, painful thrombophlebitic veins at the previous i.v. accesses were noted on his left arm. He has received long-term warfarin control as suggested by hematologists. This patient represents the first reported case of deep dorsal penile thrombophlebitis associated with elevated plasma factor VIII coagulant activity, which is an independent risk factor of recurrent venous thromboembolism and superficial thrombophlebitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and efficient protocol for the regioselective synthesis of 3-styrylcoumarins from readily available cinnamic acids and coumarins is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: 46 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction proceeds under solvent-free conditions and tolerates a wide range of functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DPC 083 (X) is prepared in 5 steps starting from the enantiomer of Va. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess cardiovascular, glycaemic, weight and safety outcomes of long‐term treatment with dulaglutide 1.5 mg compared with placebo in patients with a baseline HbA1c of less than 7% versus 7% or higher. Materials and Methods: Intention‐to‐treat analyses were performed on REWIND participants with a baseline HbA1c measurement, using Cox proportional hazards regression and mixed model for repeated measures. Subgroup analyses with factors for baseline HbA1c categories and their interaction with treatment group, as well as analyses within the HbA1c subgroups, were conducted. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were performed for baseline HbA1c subgroups of 6.5% or less and more than 6.5%. Results: Of the 9876 eligible participants, 3921 and 5955 had a baseline HbA1c of less than 7% and 7% or higher, respectively. Mean baseline HbA1c was 6.3% and 8.0% and the mean duration of diabetes was 9.0 and 11.6 years in the respective subgroups. The less than 7% subgroup was slightly older and less frequently insulin‐treated. There was no evidence of a differential dulaglutide treatment effect on body mass index (BMI) reduction, cardiovascular or safety outcomes of interest between the baseline HbA1c subgroups. Treatment‐by‐baseline HbA1c group interaction was significant for HbA1c change from baseline (P <.001), with a greater reduction in the subgroup with higher baseline HbA1c values. Sensitivity analyses by baseline HbA1c subgroups of 6.5% or less and more than 6.5% showed similar results. Conclusions: The reduced incidence of cardiovascular events, and the reduction in BMI in participants treated with once‐weekly dulaglutide, were independent of the baseline HbA1c level. Conversely, participants with a higher baseline HbA1c level had greater reductions in HbA1c. Dulaglutide has a positive benefit–risk profile and can be considered in patients with comparatively well‐controlled HbA1c levels seeking optimal metabolic control and cardiovascular benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of anilines of type (I) with small amounts of FeCl3·6H2O allows a new and facile access to substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title complex molecule, [Mn2(C7H4ClO2)4(C12H8N2)2(H2O)], possesses crystallographically imposed C2 symmetry. Each MnII atom is coordinated by three carboxyl O atoms from three 4-chlorobenzoate ligands, two N atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and one bridging water molecule in a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The Mn...Mn separation is 3.512 (3) Å. Symmetrically related dinuclear molecules form chains parallel to the c axis viaπ–π stacking interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human epidemiological studies and laboratory cellular studies strongly suggested that green tea polyphenols (GTPs), extracted from green tea, are promising agents for preventing bone loss in women due to currently unclear mechanisms. To explore possible mechanisms of beneficial bone health effect of GTPs, effects of GTP on BMD and related mechanism(s) were investigated in aged and OVX female rats. A 2 (sham vs. ovariectomy) x 3 (no GTPs, 0.1% GTPs, and 0.5% GTPs in drinking water) factorial design using 70 aged female rats assigned to 7 groups (n=10/group): initial control (IC), sham control, SHAM+0.1% GTPs, SHAM+0.5% GTPs, OVX control, OVX+0.1% GTPs, and OVX+0.5% GTPs for 16 wks. Ten rats in 1C group were euthanized at the beginning of study to provide baseline parameters. OVX groups had greater final body weights than those in SHAM groups. Average consumption of drinking water was the lowest in high GTP concentration groups. GTPs supplementation increased femur BMD, uterus weights, and liver GPX activity in both SHAM and OVX rats at a dose-dependent manner. There was no difference in femur BMD, uterus weights, and liver glutathione peroxidase between the IC group and the SHAM+0.5% GTPs groups. These data demonstrated that GTPs supplementation mitigates aging-induced bone loss in aged SHAM rats and aging plus estrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss in aged OVX rats. Such a protective role of GTPs may, in part, attribute to an increase of antioxidant capacity. The results suggest a potentially significant prophylactic role of green tea in bone health of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C8H14N2O4·2H2O, contains one water mol­ecule and one half-mol­ecule of piperazine-1,4-diacetic acid in salt form. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O and inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are involved in the crystal packing. In the centrosymmetric title compound, the six-membered piperazine ring is in a standard chair form, and the two acetates are mutually trans. The 2,2′-(piperazine-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid and water molecules are connected through a complex pattern of hydrogen-bonding interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Previous studies have reported the association between frailty and stroke or Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causality remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether genetically predicted frailty is associated with the risk of stroke or AD by a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: Genetic variants associated with the frailty index (FI) were obtained from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Summary‐level data for stroke and AD were adopted from the corresponding large GWAS of individuals of European ancestry. The inverse variance weighted method was used for estimating causal effects. Multivariable analysis was performed for further adjustment. Results: The present MR study indicated a suggestive association between genetically predicted FI and a higher risk of any stroke (odds ratio 1.360, 95% confidence interval 1.006–1.838, p = 0.046). Regarding the subtypes of stroke, genetically predicted FI was associated with a higher risk of large artery atherosclerosis stroke (LAS) (odds ratio 2.487, 95% confidence interval 1.282–4.826, p = 0.007). No causal links were identified between genetically predicted FI and any ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, cardioembolic stroke, small artery stroke, AD or AD‐by‐proxy. Multivariable MR analysis indicated that the association of genetically predicted FI with LAS was attenuated after adjustment for inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.114). Conclusions: The MR study suggested that genetically predicted FI may be associated with an increased risk of any stroke. Subgroup analysis indicated a suggestive association between genetically predicted FI and the risk of LAS. The underlying mechanisms need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perioperative stroke is an ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebral event during or up to 30 days after surgery. It is a feared condition due to a relatively high incidence, difficulties in timely detection, and unfavorable outcome compared to spontaneously occurring stroke. Recent preclinical data suggest that specific pathophysiological mechanisms such as aggravated neuroinflammation contribute to the detrimental impact of perioperative stroke. Conventional treatment options are limited in the perioperative setting due to difficult diagnosis and medications affecting coagulation in may cases. On the contrary, the chance to anticipate cerebrovascular events at the time of surgery may pave the way for prevention strategies. This review provides an overview on perioperative stroke incidence, related problems, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Based on this analysis, we assess experimental stroke treatments including neuroprotective approaches, cell therapies, and conditioning medicine strategies regarding their potential use in perioperative stroke. Interestingly, the specific aspects of perioperative stroke might enable a more effective application of experimental treatment strategies such as classical neuroprotection whereas others including cell therapies may be of limited use. We also discuss experimental diagnostic options for perioperative stroke augmenting classical clinical and imaging stroke diagnosis. While some experimental stroke treatments may have specific advantages in perioperative stroke, the paucity of established guidelines or multicenter clinical research initiatives currently limits their thorough investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A novel microstrip dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) with multimode square ring loaded resonators (SRLRs) is proposed in this article. The improved SRLR is loaded by a meander ring stub and a stepped-impedance resonator for compactness to realize the dual-band performances. Even- and odd-mode method is applied to explain mode splitting characteristics. Moreover, another mode in the second passband is generated by adding a half-wavelength U-shaped resonator. This resonator also introduces cross-coupling between feed lines so that an additional transmission zero is produced, which enhance the selectivity. The dual-band BPF operating at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz for WLAN and WIMAX applications is designed and fabricated. Measurement results agree well with the simulated results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2692-2695, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our efforts have focused on the synthesis of novel chalcogenidometalates, in which M-phen/bpy complexes are embedded (M = transition metals, phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline, bpy = 2, 2′-bipyridine), because the MII-phen/bpy cations have offered extensive applications in light harvesting and energy conversion. We report herein discrete supertetrahedral Fe4In16S35 clusters (T4) co-crystallized with [Fe(bpy)3]2+ cations, namely [Fe(bpy)3]3[Fe4H2In16S35] ·4Htean ·2Hbpy ·5H2O. The spectroscopic properties and thermal stability of the compound are discussed. It is the first example of a non-corner-capped discrete M4In16S35 T4 cluster. A notable feature of the compound is the soluble discrete nanoscaled thioindiate cluster. The related 1D InS T3 chain [Fe(bpy)3]2[H2In10S19] ·2Htean ·8H2O is also presented herein in order to understand the effect of the reaction conditions on the formation of the T n structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]