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The radome can protect the enclosed antenna from harsh weather and environmental conditions; however, it will cause a non‐negligible effect particularly transmission loss on the wideband signal which has been widely used in electronic systems. For this, a novel transmission loss compensation method for radome based on non‐linear frequency modulation (NLFM) waveform design is proposed. First, the transmission coefficient calculation process is given, Then, the detailed NLFM waveform design method is described in detail. Finally, the simulation experiments are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed compensation method. Based on the designed NLFM waveform, the transmission loss can be compensated and a flat frequency response can be obtained, which can achieve excellent performance of pulse compression in the range direction. The proposed NLFM design method has great potential application value in the electronic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This work was to identify the function and mechanism of miR‐219a‐5p in regulating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Rat fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) were isolated to construct KOA cell model by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate treatment. miR‐219a‐5p and FBXO3 expression in FLSs was modulated by transfection. Flow cytometry was executed to research FLSs apoptosis. Caspase‐1 and IL‐1β expression in FLSs was researched by immunofluorescence. The binding between miR‐219a‐5p and FBXO3 was identified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. KOA rat model and miR‐219a‐5p up‐modulation KOA rat model were constructed. Step size of rats was analyzed. Knee joints of rats were experienced Safranin O‐fast green staining to evaluate the knee joint injury. FBXO3, pyroptosis‐associated proteins, and IL‐1β and IL‐18 expression in FLSs and articular cartilage tissues of rats were assessed by Western blot, qRT‐PCR and Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: KOA cell model had higher apoptosis percentage, expression of pyroptosis‐associated proteins, and IL‐1β and IL‐18 level. miR‐219a‐5p up‐modulation decreased the above indicators, whereas miR‐219a‐5p down‐modulation increased the above indicators. FBXO3 expression was directly repressed by miR‐219a‐5p. Loss of FBXO3 suppressed the above indicators. FBXO3 counteracted the suppression of miR‐219a‐5p on the above indicators. miR‐219a‐5p agomir attenuated knee joint injury, increased step size of KOA rats, and reduced FBXO3, pyroptosis‐associated proteins and level of IL‐1β and IL‐18 in the articular cartilage tissues of KOA rats. Conclusion: miR‐219a‐5p suppressed the pyroptosis in KOA by inactivating the NLRP3 signaling via targeting FBXO3, which might be a promising target for ameliorating KOA in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aim to compare and analyze the biomechanical repair and clinical efficacy of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) with the use of metal trabecular bone reconstruction system and free vascularized fibular graft. The study enrolled 66 adult patients from medical records of nontraumatic ARCO 2A–3B stage ONFH. A simple ONFH model without surgical treatment was established in 13 cases, 29 cases were treated with metal trabecular bone reconstruction system, and 24 cases were treated with free vascularized fibular graft. Computer‐recognized and extracted femur outlines were imported, and three‐dimensional reconstructions were performed. The stress concentration and stress peak value were analyzed, and the Harris score, visual analog scale pain score, and operation status of the above patients were compared. Finally, quality of life assessment was performed using SF‐36 scale. Metal trabecular bone reconstruction system provided less operation time, blood loss, and the total length of postoperative hospital stay than free vascularized fibular graft. Metal trabecular bone reconstruction system promoted bone reconstruction, increased bone mineral density and Harris score. The total clinical effective rate of young patients (20–40 years) was higher than that of older patients (41–60 years). Metal trabecular bone reconstruction system provided higher physical component summary, mental component summary, and role/social component summary than free vascularized fibular graft. This study demonstrates that both metal trabecular bone reconstruction system and free vascularized fibular graft can prevent or delay the progression of ONFH, while metal trabecular bone reconstruction system is a better choice because of better short‐term clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: WRKY transcription factors play important roles in response to various abiotic stresses. Previous study have proved that soybean GmWRKY54 can improve stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Here, we generated soybean transgenic plants and further investigated roles and biological mechanisms of GmWRKY54 in response to drought stress. We demonstrated that expression of GmWRKY54, driven by either a constitutive promoter (pCm) or a drought‐induced promoter (RD29a), confers drought tolerance. GmWRKY54 is a transcriptional activator and affects a large number of stress‐related genes as revealed by RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and co‐expression network analysis, together with measurement of physiological parameters, supported the idea that GmWRKY54 enhances stomatal closure to reduce water loss, and therefore confers drought tolerance in soybean. GmWRKY54 directly binds to the promoter regions of genes including PYL8, SRK2A, CIPK11 and CPK3 and activates them. Therefore GmWRKY54 achieves its function through abscisic acid (ABA) and Ca2+ signaling pathways. It is valuable that GmWRKY54 activates an ABA receptor and an SnRK2 kinase in the upstream position, unlike other WRKY proteins that regulate downstream genes in the ABA pathway. Our study revealed the role of GmWRKY54 in drought tolerance and further manipulation of this gene should improve growth and production in soybean and other legumes/crops under unfavorable conditions. Significance Statement: This paper reveals that GmWRKY54 is a transcription factor that effectively modulates drought signaling, GmWRKY54 affects expression of large numbers of downstream genes that possess positive roles in drought tolerance. Using a precise analysis strategy of gene enrichment and co‐expression, it was discovered that GmWRKY54 confers drought tolerance through participating in the ABA and Ca2+ signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raman spectral imaging is gaining more and more attention in biological studies because of its label-free characteristic. However, the discrimination of overlapping chemical contrasts has been a major challenge. In this study, we introduce an optical method to simultaneously obtain two orthogonally polarized Raman images from a single scan of the sample. We demonstrate how this technique can improve the quality and quantity of the hyperspectral Raman dataset and how the technique is expected to further extend the horizons of Raman spectral imaging in biological studies by providing more detailed chemical information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is synthesized at early stages of bone formation by osteoblasts. Nondestructive observation of early stages of osteoblastic mineralization provides crucial information for biological mechanism of bone formation. Raman microscopy serves as an ideal tool to observe the osteoblastic mineralization process because it shows the chemical information of the sample at a minimally invasive level. In addition, HA is a marker for osteoblastic mineralization, and HA Raman signal is strong enough to identify mineralized spots in osteoblasts. In this research, we visualized the distribution of HA in cultured mouse osteoblasts by Raman imaging and observed the location of the mineralized spots in the culture. We monitored HA Raman signal from osteoblast culture for 3 days after administrating the osteogenic differentiation medium and observed Raman signal associated with HA. We identified mineralized spots of KUSA-A1 by Raman imaging constructed from the distribution of HA Raman signal. We successfully visualized the distribution of the mineralized spots in the culture of KUSA-A1. We compared our Raman images with Alizarin red S staining assay, which was a conventional method to evaluate the mineralization process. Raman imaging of the KUSA-A1 culture visualized the mineralized spots more accurately than Alizarin red S staining assay. Raman imaging of HA serves as a powerful tool to identify the mineralized spots in an in vitro culture of osteogenic lineage cells. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, [Co(C10H8N2)3]2[V4O12]·11H2O, is composed of two symmetry-related cations containing octahedrally coordinated CoII ions, a centrosymmetric [V4O12]4− anion with an eight-membered ring structure made up of four VO4 tetrahedra, and 11 solvent water molecules. The CoII cations and vanadate anions are isolated and build cation and anion layers, respectively. In addition, the title compound exhibits a three-dimensional network through intra- and intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions between water molecules and O atoms of the anions, and the crystal structure is stabilized mainly by hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1602 cm-1 Raman signature, which we call the 'Raman spectroscopic signature of life' in yeasts, is a marker Raman band for cell metabolic activity. Despite the established fact that its intensity sensitively reflects the metabolic status of the cell, its molecular origin remained unclear. In this work, we propose ergosterol as the major contributor of the 1602 cm-1 Raman signature. The theoretical isotope shift calculation for ergosterol agreed with previous observations. Furthermore, experiments showed that the Raman spectrum of ergosterol corresponds very well with the depleting spectral component in yeast that behaves together with the 1602 cm-1 signature when the cells are under stress. This work implies that the 1602 cm-1 Raman signature could serve as an intrinsic ergosterol marker in yeasts for the study of sterol metabolism in vivo and in a label-free manner, which could not be done by any other techniques at the current stage. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HEM1 gene encodes δ-aminolevulinate synthase that is required for haem synthesis. It is an essential gene for yeast survival. The Raman spectra of HEM1 knockout ( hem1Δ) yeast cells lacks a Raman band at 1602 cm-1 that has been shown to reflect cell metabolic activity. This result suggests that the molecule giving rise to the'Raman spectroscopic signature of life' is closely related to haem functions in the cell. High amount of squalene is also observed in the hem1Δ strain, which is another new discovery of this study. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of the most effective novel binaphthyl-based secondary amines in the title reaction is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, [Co(C(10)H(8)N(2))(3)](2)[V(4)O(12)]·11H(2)O, is composed of two symmetry-related cations containing octahedrally coordinated Co(II) ions, a centrosymmetric [V(4)O(12)](4-) anion with an eight-membered ring structure made up of four VO(4) tetrahedra, and 11 solvent water molecules. The Co(II) cations and vanadate anions are isolated and build cation and anion layers, respectively. In addition, the title compound exhibits a three-dimensional network through intra- and intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions between water molecules and O atoms of the anions, and the crystal structure is stabilized mainly by hydrogen bonds.