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Objective: To summarize the incidence of postoperative delirium among cancer patients undergoing head and neck surgery and determine the differential incidence rates among patients undergoing different types of head and neck surgeries. Data Sources: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception till February 2023. Keywords based on the condition (delirium), context (postoperative), and population (head and neck cancer) were used as search terms. Review Methods: The PRISMA and MOOSE reporting guidelines were followed. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists for cohort studies, case‐control studies, and randomized controlled trials were used to evaluate the methodological quality. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model, and the incidence with 95% confidence intervals was evaluated using the exact binomial method and Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation of proportions. I2 was used to indicate heterogeneity. Predefined subgroup analysis and Meta‐regression, was performed to identify the factors affecting heterogeneity. Results: The summary incidence of postoperative delirium was 18.95% [95% confidence interval, 14.36%‐24.00%] with between‐study heterogeneity (I2 = 95.46%). The incidence of postoperative delirium in patients who underwent free flap reconstruction was 22.13%, which was higher than those of other types of surgeries. Meta‐regression revealed that conducted in sample size (P =.007) of the included studies was the factors affecting heterogeneity. Conclusions: The evidence on postoperative delirium incidence provided by the current Meta‐analysis enables effective treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel combinations of global conditions, issues under investigation and research alliances require constant reassessment of how to conduct cross‐cultural research. Here we recount an exploratory investigation considering cross‐cultural research between Australian and Indonesian researchers. This paper sets out a range of considerations for practitioners of cross‐cultural research between our two countries. This investigation supports intentions to develop trans‐disciplinary climate change adaptation research but is applicable across multiple research topics and disciplines. We engaged a small multi‐disciplinary mix of researchers, from both countries, conducted two initial focus groups, and subsequently involved participants in drafting of this paper as an exploration of how being cross cultural could manifest. We highlight that cross‐cultural collaborations occur in environments of both cultural differences and power differences. Four main strategies emerged for dealing with the challenges (or opportunities): working respectfully, being reflective of cross‐cultural research practice, being flexible, and learning about culture. Overarching these strategies, we found cross‐cultural research requires considerable extra (long term) effort to tackle and that this is sustained by researchers' intrinsic motives to care for people and place, making this type of research a distinctive labour of love. Finally, we found similarities between cross‐cultural research and climate change adaptation research (even when conducted within one country) where both endeavours call for boundaries of places, cultures and disciplines to be crossed in order to effectively engage with complex topics and environments. Negotiating the liminalities here often defies set formulas and requires a willingness to engage with and 'muddle through' the messiness. Our findings will be of value to those undertaking cross‐cultural research across a wide range of issues. This paper addresses research collaboration between Australia and Indonesia and considers challenges and strategies for working at the intersection of cross cultural research collaboration and climate chance adaptation science. Analysis of focus group data from a multi‐disciplinary mix of researchers from these two countries highlighted four strategies for dealing with challenges: working respectfully, being reflective of cross‐cultural research practice, being flexible, and learning about culture. Overarching these strategies, we found cross‐cultural research requires extra effort and that this is sustained by a researcher's intrinsic motivations of care for people and place – a labour of love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing land‐use demands for agriculture and nature conservation is one of the most significant global challenges. To improve the health of landscapes, collaborative transdisciplinary solutions are required.Environmental accounting is an attractive governance approach for helping to deliver healthy future landscapes; however, the diversity of approaches to environmental accounting makes this field complex to navigate, which limits transdisciplinary collaboration and impedes implementation.We seek to address this issue by presenting a new framework to clarify environmental accounting. This framework classifies the currently disparate branches of the literature into four newly described environmental accounting types: Organisational Environmental Management Accounting, Organisational Environmental Reporting Accounting, Area Environmental Management Accounting and Area Environmental Reporting Accounting.The framework is then used to discuss, across multiple scales (organisational, ecosystem and national), existing environmental accounting tools which could assist in delivering healthy future landscapes, and areas for future research.Finally, we demonstrate the potential for environmental accounting research approaches (materiality assessment, dialogic accounting and critical accounting) to assist in defining healthy future landscapes.This paper presents the first substantial exploration of environmental accounting in the landscapes context and presents a research agenda to progress this exciting area of transdisciplinary research. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the recent impact by the COVID‐19 pandemic, nursing research has gone through unexpected changes across the globe. The purpose of this special report is to present the commonalities in the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nursing research across four countries, including the United States, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, and one region, that is, Hong Kong, and to make recommendations for future nursing research during the immediate postpandemic period and future pandemic situations. To identify the commonalities, seven researchers/leaders from the five countries/regions had discussions through 3 days of an international workshop. The content for this discussion paper derived from: (a) the exemplars/cases of the COVID‐19 impact on the research process, (b) researchers/leaders' presentations on the COVID‐19 impact, and (c) memos from the workshop. The materials were analyzed using a simple content analysis. The commonalities included: (a) "a heavy emphasis on teaching and fluctuating productivity," (b) "increased funding opportunities and governmental support," (c) "gendered experience complicated by professional differences," (d) "delays and changes/modifications in research process," (e) "limited research settings and difficulties in getting access," and (f) "increased online dissemination activities with positive changes in the image of nursing." With all collective wisdom that nurse researchers have obtained during the COVID‐19 pandemic, nursing research will evolve again for the successful future of the nursing discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite the importance of research in the discipline of nursing, current trends in nursing research have rarely been discussed across countries. The purpose of this article was to identify current trends in nursing research across five countries, including the United States, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong, in order to provide directions for future global nursing research. Organizing Construct: A discussion article. Methods: To identify the current trends, seven leaders from the five countries had discussions through a series of workshops and conference presentations. After the most recent conference, all the leaders reflected for a month on their presentations and compiled the exemplars and cases from their experience and the existing literature in individual countries into a table. The tables and supporting references were collected at the completion of the reflection period. Then, the PowerPoint (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) slideshows of the conference presentations by the leaders and the collected tables were analyzed using a content analysis. Findings: Six themes reflecting the current trends in nursing research were extracted: (a) demographic alterations; (b) increasing diversities and globalization; (c) technology innovation; (d) individualized or personal care and population health initiatives; (e) health policies and regulations; and (f) nursing workforce changes. Conclusions: Future directions for nursing research across the countries were proposed: (a) cost‐effectiveness research; (b) implementation science; (c) data science; (d) training of the future generation of nurse researchers; (e) population health; and (f) team science. Clinical Relevance: This topic could be applied to any clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Apathy is a well-recognized symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to validate the Taiwanese version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale, clinician version (AES-C) and assess the severity of apathy in patients with AD. Methods: Comprehensive evaluations were conducted in a total of 144 AD patients. This study used a cross-sectional comparative design. Data were collected from clinical interviews using the AES, the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Results: Internal consistency was indicated by Cronbach's alphas of 0.85; test-retest reliability was 0.89 over a period of 3 days. Criterion-related validity was supported by the fact that AES-C significantly correlated with the apathy scores of the NPI. Factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure. Convergent validity was supported by a positive correlation between the AES-C score and the anxiety score of the NPI. Discriminant validity was supported by the fact that the AES-C scores did not correlate with the depression subscale of the NPI, and the correlation between the AES-C score and the euphoria score of the NPI score was negative. Known-group validity was supported by results showing that AD patients in a moderate stage of dementia (CDR = 2) had significantly higher scores on the AES-C than patients with mild-stage dementia (CDR = 1). Conclusion: The AES-C is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring symptoms of apathy among AD patients in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Title. Chinese Version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation: Instrument Development. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to develop a Chinese version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory and evaluate its psychometric properties. Background. Comprehensive assessment of suicidal behaviour in youths should incorporate both protective factors and risk factors. Methods. We recruited 2341 middle- and high-school students for a longitudinal and prospective study, conducted between 2005 and 2007. To assess predictive validity, a convenience sample of 251 of the 2341 students was recruited 1 year later to follow-up on suicide attempts during the preceding 2 weeks. To evaluate construct validity, a small convenience sample of 94 adolescent inpatients and outpatients was used as a comparison group. Instruments used included the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Self-Control Schedule, and the Cognitive Triad for Children. Results. Cronbach’s α coefficients for the Chinese version of the positive and negative suicide ideation–negative suicide ideation and the Chinese version of the positive and negative suicide ideation–positive ideation were 0·94 and 0·86 respectively. Satisfactory test–retest reliability was evident. Convergent and divergent validities were demonstrated by statistically significant correlations among subscales and the other instruments used. Construct validity was evidenced by statistically significantly different scores on the subscales among the contrasted groups. Subscale scores in the first-wave study statistically significantly predicted attempted suicide behaviour 1 year later, demonstrating evidence of predictive validity. Factor analysis showed a two-factor structure. Conclusion. The Chinese Version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory may be a reliable and valid instrument to measure the severity of suicidal ideation in adolescents, subject to further research to test the generalizability of the present findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Previous studies have reported several conflicting findings regarding neuropsychiatric symptoms when comparing patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with vascular dementia (VaD). Objectives The purpose was to: (1) compare the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with AD and VaD after controlling for demographic characteristics in difference setting and (2) rank and contrast the severity the common symptoms between the two groups in north of Taiwan. Methods This study was a cross-sectional comparative design. Data were collected from clinical interviews using three instruments: the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results A total of 154 subjects participated in this study. The male subjects with VaD from the outpatient setting had lower NPI scores. In the OPD, the subjects with AD had more nighttime behavior than subjects with VAD. In the nursing home setting, the subjects with VaD had higher prevalence of depression, irritability, and appetite changes than subjects with AD. The subjects with AD had more euphoria and nighttime behavior than subjects with VaD. The average of total NPI scores for people with AD and VaD from the nursing home setting indicate higher scores. In the nursing home group, the VaD subjects evidenced significantly higher irritability scores than the AD subjects. Conclusions This was first care unit based study in north Taiwan. Our results showed the significant differences between AD and VaD groups of NPI symptoms. Understanding those differences may aid differential diagnosis of dementia subtypes and help develop proper interventions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To explore relationships among perceived diagnostic disclosure, health locus of control, and levels of hope in Taiwanese cancer patients. Research Design. A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used in this study. One hundred and twenty-four (N=124) patients were recruited. The Background Information Form, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales, the Herth Hope Index (HHI), and patients' medical records were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Results. The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) overall, cancer patients had medium levels of hope; (2) patients who were aware of their own diagnosis reported significantly higher levels of hope than those who were not informed of their own diagnosis; (3) patients who were aware of their diagnosis tended to have higher levels of the internal locus of control than those who were not informed; (4) the internal health locus of control was significantly positively related to levels of hope; (5) the chance health locus of control was significantly negatively related to levels of hope. Conclusions. The results of this study provide important implications for Taiwanese clinicians concerning the practice of diagnostic disclosure of cancer to patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]