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Corrosive injury results from the intake of corrosive-acid-based chemicals. However, this phenomenon is limited to a small number of cases and cannot be extrapolated to the epidemiology of corrosive injuries in actual situations. This study focuses on the annual incidence of corrosive injury and its connection to gender, risk factors, and in-hospital mortality. All patients with corrosive injury (ICD-9 947.0–947.3) were identified using a nationwide inpatient sample from 1996 until 2010. Chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine risk factors of gender differences and in-hospital mortality of corrosive injury. Young adults comprised the majority of patients (71.2%), and mean age was 44.6 ± 20.9 years. Women showed a higher incidence rate of corrosive injuries, age, suicide, psychiatric disorder, and systemic complications compared with men (p<0.001). The present study demonstrated that age (OR = 10.93; 95% CI 5.37–22.27), systemic complications (OR = 5.43; 95% CI 4.61–6.41), malignant neoplasms (OR = 2.23; 95% CI 1.37–3.62), gastrointestinal complications (OR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.63–2.51), chronic disease (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.08–1.56), and suicide (OR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.05–1.44) were strongly associated with in-hospital mortality. Educational programs may be helpful for reducing the incidence of ingestion of corrosive chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the poly(NIPAAm-MAA)/Fe3O4 hollow latex particles were synthesized by three steps. The first step was to synthesize the poly(methyl methacrylate- co-methylacrylate acid) (poly(MMA-MAA)) copolymer latex particles by the method of soapless emulsion polymerization. Following the first step, the second step was to polymerize N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), MAA, and crosslinking agent ( N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA)) in the presence of poly(MMA-MAA) latex particles to form the linear poly(MMA-MAA)/crosslinking poly (NIPAAm-MAA) core-shell latex particles. After the previous processes, the core-shell latex particles were heated in the presence of NH4OH to dissolve the linear poly(MMA-MAA) core in order to form the poly(NIPAAm-MAA) hollow latex particles. In the third step, Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions were introduced to bond with the COOH groups of MAA segments in the poly(NIPAAm-MAA) hollow polymer latex particles. Further by a reaction with NH4OH and then Fe3O4 nanoparticles were generated in situ and the poly(NIPAAm-MAA)/Fe3O4 magnetic composite hollow latex particles were formed. The concentrations of MAA, crosslinking agent ( N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide), and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were important factors to influence the morphology of hollow latex particles and lower critical solution temperature of poly(NIPAAm-MAA)/Fe3O4 magnetic composite hollow latex particles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iroquois homeobox-like 1 ( irxl1) is a novel member of the TALE superfamily of homeobox genes that is most closely related to the Iroquois class. We have identified the zebrafish irxl1 gene and characterized its structure. The protein contains a homeodomain that shares 100% sequence identity with other vertebrate orthologs. During embryogenesis, irxl1 is expressed from 18 hours postfertilization onward and prominent expression is detected in the pharyngeal arches. Knockdown of irxl1 by morpholinos results in malformed brain and arch structures, which can be partially rescued by cRNA injection. The heads of the morphants become small and flat, and extensions along the anterior-posterior/dorso-ventral axes are reduced without affecting regional specification. Loss of irxl1 function also causes deficit in neural crest cells which consequently results in partial loss of craniofacial muscles and severe deformation of arch cartilages. These observations suggest that irxl1 may regulate factors involved in brain and pharyngeal arch development. Developmental Dynamics 239:639-650, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron impact (EI) mass spectra of sixteen 1-aryl-2,2-dibromocyclopropanes give an ion at m/z 115, the structure of which is proposed to be the indenium ion based on a collision-activated decomposition experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]