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The large scale deployment of modern wind turbines and the yearly increase of installed capacity have drawn attention to their operation and maintenance issues. The development of highly reliable and low‐maintenance wind turbines is an urgent demand in order to achieve the low‐carbon goals, and the arrival of fault diagnosis provides assurance for its satisfactory operation and maintenance. Numerous statistical studies have pointed out that generator failures are a main cause of wind turbine system downtime. The generator, as one of the core components, converts rotating mechanical energy into electrical energy. However, the generators can hardly operate reliably towards the end of the turbine life owing to the variable‐speed conditions and harsh electromagnetic environments. This article first provides a comprehensive and up‐to‐date review of the electrical and mechanical failures of various parts (stator, rotor, air gap and bearings) of the generator. Then the fault characteristics and diagnostic processes of generators are investigated, and the principles and processes of fault diagnosis are discussed. Finally, the application of four categories of model‐based, signal‐based, knowledge‐based and hybrid approaches to wind turbine generator fault diagnosis is summarized. The comprehensive review shows that the hybrid approach is now the leading and most accurate tool for real‐time fault diagnosis for wind turbine generators. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of algorithm performance using false alarm rates is proposed. The methodology can subsequently be applied to the wind industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal injection is an important way to reduce the coke ratio in the blast furnace. The combustion of pulverized coal in tuyere and raceway directly affects the production efficiency of smelting. Based on the design and production data of a 2000 m3 blast furnace, a three‐dimensional mathematical model of pulverized coal combustion in tuyere and raceway is established. The lower part of the blast furnace consisting of blowpipe‐coal lance‐tuyere‐raceway and coke bed is numerically simulated to study the influence of blast rate and oxygen on pulverized coal combustion under a certain coal injection ratio and a certain coal particle size distribution. The simulation results show that the pulverized coal burnout decreases from 69.2% to 67.4% when the blast velocity is increased by 20 m s−1, and the oxygen content increases from 23% to 27%, which can improve the pulverized coal burnout and increase the temperature in the raceway. A new direction is proposed to increase the pulverized coal burnout by optimizing the particle size selection and increasing the injection ratio of small particle size below 50 μm. The research provides theoretical and data support for increasing pulverized coal burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Hepatitis E caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent worldwide. In China, considerable shifts in the epidemiology of hepatitis E have been observed over the last two decades, with ongoing changes in the prevalence of HEV. Method s : This study, in conjunction with the health examinations for students and workers, aims to estimate the seroprevalence and assess the risk factors of HEV infection in general population in Hebei province, China. Epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire and blood samples were collected from each participant during the process of health examination. Anti‐HEV IgG and IgM in sera were tested using the Wantai ELISA assay kits. Logistic regression modelling was used to identify associated risk factors. Results: The average positive rate of anti‐HEV IgG in students (6–25 years) was 3.4%. One (0.2%) student was anti‐HEV IgM positive, while also testing positive for IgG. The HEV seroprevalence was not related to students' gender, school, or family residence. In occupational populations, the overall seropositivity rate was 13.3% for anti‐HEV IgG and 0.67% for IgM. HEV seropositivity increased significantly with age, ranging from 3.8% to 18.6% in age groups, and differed significantly among four occupation groups: farmers (17.6%), food supply workers (18.0%), other non‐farm workers (14.7%) and healthcare workers (5.9%) (p = 0.002). Multivariable logistic analysis confirmed the significant correlations of seroprevalence with age and occupation. Conclusions: The study found a low seroprevalence of HEV in children and young adults in Hebei Province, China. Advanced age correlates with higher seroprevalence in occupational populations, indicating an accumulation of HEV infection over time. Seroprevalence varied significantly among different occupation groups, suggesting the important role of occupational exposure for HEV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractional diffusion equations exhibit competitive capabilities in modeling many challenging phenomena such as the anomalously diffusive transport and memory effects. We prove the well‐posedness and regularity of an optimal control of a variably distributed‐order fractional diffusion equation with pointwise constraints, where the distributed‐order operator accounts for, for example, the effect of uncertainties. We accordingly develop and analyze a fully‐discretized finite element approximation to the optimal control without any artificial regularity assumption of the true solution. Numerical experiments are also performed to substantiate the theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Moral sensitivity may play a role in dealing with ethical issues in ICUs. However, the moral sensitivity of adult ICU nurses in China and its predictors have not been well investigated. Aim: To analyse the moral sensitivity of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and its predictors. Study Design: A cross‐sectional study through convenience sampling was conducted in the ICUs of five hospitals in China between November and December 2022. A total of 331 ICU nurses were recruited. Data were obtained using a self‐developed socio‐demographic characteristic questionnaire, the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy‐Health Professionals and the Organizational Climate Scale for Nursing. The participating institutions received a link to the tools used for online data collection, which they then forwarded to nursing staff. Results: The valid response rate was 96.98% (n = 321). The total mean moral sensitivity score of nurses was 43.04 ± 5.95. The mean scores for empathic ability and organizational climate for nursing were 91.97 ± 17.88 and 101.28 ± 14.77, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the primary factors associated with moral sensitivity among critical care nurses included work tenure (p <.05), empathic ability (p <.001) and organizational climate (p <.001). Conclusions: High levels of moral sensitivity were found in critical care nurses in China. Work tenure, empathic ability and organizational climate were significant predictors of moral sensitivity in critical care nurses. Relevance to Clinical Practice: To enhance the ethical sensitivity of ICU nurses, we suggest to strengthen the training of novice nurses so that they can better face the moral dilemma in clinical practice. In addition, organizational managers should also take measures to create a positive and harmonious working atmosphere, promote the application of moral knowledge in nursing practice and enhance their moral sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kashin‐Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic degenerative, disabling disease of the bones and joints and its exact aetiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain. This study is to investigate the role of m6A modification in the pathogenesis of KBD. Combined analysis of m6A MeRIP‐Seq and RNA‐Seq were used to analyse human peripheral blood samples from three KBD patients and three normal controls (NC). Bioinformatic methods were used to analyse m6A‐modified differential genes and RT‐qPCR was performed to validate the mRNA expression of several KBD‐related genes. The results indicated that the total of 16,811 genes were modified by m6A in KBD group, of which 4882 genes were differential genes. A large number of differential genes were associated with regulation of transcription, signal transduction and protein binding. KEGG analysis showed that m6A‐enriched genes participated the pathways of Vitamin B6 metabolism, endocytosis and Rap 1 signalling pathway. There was a positive association between m6A abundance and levels of gene expression, that there were 6 hypermethylated and upregulated genes (hyper‐up), 23 hypomethylated and downregulated genes (hypo‐down) in KBD group compared with NC. In addition, the mRNA expression of levels of MMP8, IL32 and GPX1 were verified and the protein–protein interaction networks of these key factors were constructed. Our study showed that m6A modifications may play a vital role in modulating gene expression, which represents a new clue to reveal the pathogenesis of KBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs) have become a hot spot to develop new anti‐HBV drugs. Sulfonamide analogues are a new class of CpAMs targeting HBV core protein (Cp), while their biological activity is still needed to be improved and the binding mechanism is unclear still. In this study, we utilized molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to explore the binding mode between the novel compounds and HBV Cp. Combining with binding free energy calculation and decomposition, we inferred that TyrE132, ValE124, ThrE128, ThrD109, and IleD105 were key residues during the binding process, and especially, the conformational change of TryE132 was responsible for the stable binding. Besides, reasonable CoMFA (q2 = 0.515, r2ncv = 0.994, and r2pred = 0.628) and CoMSIA (q2 = 0.602, r2ncv = 0.988, and r2pred = 0.681) models were constructed to explore the 3D structure‐activity relationship of the novel compounds. The results suggested that it was favorable to increase the biological activity of sulfonamide analogues when introducing hydrophobic groups to R1 and electronegative groups to R2. In conclusion, we explored the binding mode and structure‐activity relationship between sulfonamides and HBV Cp and provided a theoretical basis for the optimization of this series of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films have demonstrated various advantages in flexible electronics. So far, solution processes are widely used for making rGO thin films for their mild operation conditions and low cost. However, wrinkles are frequently formed due to the capillary contraction during drying, which severely deteriorates the conductivity and the transparency of rGO thin films. Here, an ultra‐smooth rGO nano‐thin film, featuring wrinkle‐free and a rather low surface roughness of 1.38 nm is developed, which is attributable to a steady and homogeneous thin liquid film confined by a conical fiber array. The thin liquid film facilitates both in‐plane stacking of nanosheets and reducing the buried solvent under nanosheets. Notably, with the capillary flow replenishing the tri‐phase contact line evaporation, a semi‐dry film near the tri‐phase contact line is produced, that enables the force equilibrium of multi‐directional capillary forces on dispersed nanosheets for depositing a wrinkle‐free nanofilm. The as‐prepared rGO nanofilm gives a low sheet resistance of 8.3 kΩ sq−1 and a high transmittance of 91.9%, showing better performances than other reported rGO nanofilms. On this basis, it is demonstrated that a high‐sensitive pressure sensor with a detection limit as low as 0.02 Pa, highlighting the solution‐processed innovative ultra‐smooth 2D nanomaterial thin films, and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An urgent challenge to the development of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (RZABs) is the highly active, durable, and low‐cost catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR and OER). Herein, a carbon‐based monolithic catalyst is designed via anchoring P‐modified MnCo2O4 inverse spinel nanoparticles on biomass‐derived carbon (P‐MnCo2O4@PWC). The introduction of surface P atoms regulates the electronic structures and valences of metal atoms by adjusting the coordination fields by (P‐O)δ– and Metal‐P. The optimization of the adsorption behavior of key intermediates facilitates the activation and conversion of reaction species. The monolithic structure is beneficial to the construction of a three‐phase interface for efficient mass transfer and high electrical conductivity. The P‐MnCo2O4@PWC catalyst displays outstanding bifunctional catalytic properties with a thin ΔE (the difference between the OER potential at 10 mA cm–2 and the ORR halfwave potential) of 0.66 V. The RZAB with P‐MnCo2O4@PWC as cathode delivers an exceptional peak power density (160 mW cm–2) and remarkable cycle life (over 1200 cycles), overcoming those with noble metal counterparts. This research provides a promising general surface‐phosphorization way to the design of carbon electrocatalysts and the high‐value utilization of biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The length of hypocotyl affects the height of soybean and lodging resistance, thus determining the final grain yield. However, research on soybean hypocotyl length is scarce, and the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identified a module controlling the transport of sucrose, where sucrose acts as a messenger moved from cotyledon to hypocotyl, regulating hypocotyl elongation. This module comprises four key genes, namely MYB33, SWEET11, SWEET21 and GA2ox8c in soybean. In cotyledon, MYB33 is responsive to sucrose and promotes the expression of SWEET11 and SWEET21, thereby facilitating sucrose transport from the cotyledon to the hypocotyl. Subsequently, sucrose transported from the cotyledon up‐regulates the expression of GA2ox8c in the hypocotyl, which ultimately affects the length of the hypocotyl. During the domestication and improvement of soybean, an allele of MYB33 with enhanced abilities to promote SWEET11 and SWEET21 has gradually become enriched in landraces and cultivated varieties, SWEET11 and SWEET21 exhibit high conservation and have undergone a strong purified selection and GA2ox8c is under a strong artificial selection. Our findings identify a new molecular pathway in controlling soybean hypocotyl elongation and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of sugar transport in soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We focus on the Ablowitz–Ladik equation on the zero background, specifically considering the scenario of N$N$ pairs of multiple poles. Our first goal was to establish a mapping between the initial data and the scattering data, which allowed us to introduce a direct problem by analyzing the discrete spectrum associated with N$N$ pairs of higher‐order zeros. Next, we constructed another mapping from the scattering data to a 2×2$2\times 2$ matrix Riemann–Hilbert (RH) problem equipped with several residue conditions set at N$N$ pairs of multiple poles. By characterizing the inverse problem on the basis of this RH problem, we are able to derive higher‐order soliton solutions in the reflectionless case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that poses serious threats to human health. Rice is a major source of dietary Cd but how rice plants transport Cd to the grain is not fully understood. Here, we characterize the function of the ZIP (ZRT, IRT‐like protein) family protein, OsZIP2, in the root‐to‐shoot translocation of Cd and intervascular transfer of Cd in nodes. OsZIP2 is localized at the plasma membrane and exhibited Cd2+ transport activity when heterologously expressed in yeast. OsZIP2 is strongly expressed in xylem parenchyma cells in roots and in enlarged vascular bundles in nodes. Knockout of OsZIP2 significantly enhanced root‐to‐shoot translocation of Cd and alleviated the inhibition of root elongation by excess Cd stress; whereas overexpression of OsZIP2 decreased Cd translocation to shoots and resulted in Cd sensitivity. Knockout of OsZIP2 increased Cd allocation to the flag leaf but decreased Cd allocation to the panicle and grain. We further reveal that the variation of OsZIP2 expression level contributes to grain Cd concentration among rice germplasms. Our results demonstrate that OsZIP2 functions in root‐to‐shoot translocation of Cd in roots and intervascular transfer of Cd in nodes, which can be used for breeding low Cd rice varieties. Summary statement: OsZIP2 functions as a cadmium(Cd2+) influx transporter to mediate the Cd influx into parenchyma cells in stele and the transfer of Cd in the phloem and xylem of enlarged vascular bundles in nodes. Knockout of OsZIP2 decreases root‐to‐shoot translocation of Cd and the allocation of Cd to grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When illuminated by a resonant laser, noble metal nanoparticles immersed in liquids can efficiently produce a huge amount of heat and rapidly vaporize surrounding liquid, leading to the nucleation of plasmonic bubbles. Plasmonic bubbles are gaining increasing attention and emerged in numerous applications due to their unique properties and excellent controllability, such as microfabrication, micromanipulation, robot propulsion, molecule enrichment, and clinical therapies. In this review paper, the research progress of plasmonic bubbles in the past decade is summarized, including the plasmonic effect‐induced heat generation, experimental methods of plasmonic bubble observation, growth dynamics of plasmonic bubbles, approaches of optomechanical energy conversion via plasmonic bubbles, as well as their applications. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art in the field and inspires researchers to explore more promising applications of plasmonic bubbles in different fields, like biology, microfluidics, and micromanufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic foot ulcer typically undergoes a delayed wound‐healing process owing to the disordered microenvironment, including persistent inflammation, long‐term hypoxia, and excessive fibrosis, eventually leading to severe disabilities and other poor outcomes. However, current strategies cannot meet the dynamic demands during the wound‐healing process. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)–responsive oxygen‐generating microneedle platform, consisting of a sericin‐based glucose‐responsive hydrogel loaded with verteporfin, for effective diabetic wound healing is proposed. Under a highly oxidative microenvironment, the functionalized sericin protein depletes overproduced ROS to generate oxygen, which can not only alleviate the hypoxic microenvironment and promote angiogenesis by activating extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and Heme Oxygenase‐1 pathways but also decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the hyperglycaemic condition triggers the gradual dissociation of this microneedle platform and promotes the release of verteporfin to enhance scarless re‐epithelization via inhibiting the yes‐associated protein signal. This versatile sericin microneedle system integrates advantageous features including inflammation alleviation, angiogenesis promotion, and scar inhibition capabilities, accelerates diabetic wound repair in vivo, and offers a novel approach for oxygen self‐supply and wound microenvironment remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulk black phosphorous (bP) exhibits excellent infrared (IR) optoelectronic properties, but most reported bP IR photodetectors are fabricated from single exfoliated flakes with lateral sizes of < 100 µm. Here, scalable thin films of bP suitable for IR photodetector arrays are realized through a tailored solution‐deposition method. The properties of the bP film and their protective capping layers are optimized to fabricate bP IR photoconductors exhibiting specific detectivities up to 4.0 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W−1 with fast 30/60 µs rise/fall times under λ = 2.2 µm illumination. The scalability of the bP thin film fabrication is demonstrated by fabricating a linear array of 25 bP photodetectors and obtaining 25 × 25 pixel IR images at ≈203 ppi with good spatial fidelity. This research demonstrates a commercially viable method of fabricating scalable bP thin films for optoelectronic devices including room temperature‐operable IR photodetector arrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials made from bile acids can benefit from the excellent biocompatibility and rigid skeleton of these natural compounds. To address concerns of the biocompatibility of shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) in biomedical applications, a series of polyurethanes (PUs) is developed using bile acid as the hard segment and oligo(ethylene glycol) as the soft segment through a one‐pot polymerization. These polymers can be easily processed into skin‐like fibers, tubes, strips, etc., with tunable mechanical properties, e.g., elongation at break (483%) and high tensile strength (40.9 MPa). Their glass transition temperatures spread across a wide range, enabling them to exhibit dual, triple, and quadruple shape memory effects (SMEs). Due to intermolecular interactions, these PUs display a maximum self‐healing efficiency of 96% in tensile strength for 1.5 h. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, hemolysis evaluations and healing efficiency in vivo all indicate their good biocompatibility and biosafety. These bio‐derived PUs offer an option of shape memory polymers easy to make, with good tissue compatibility for applications as surgical sutures, artificial muscles, and soft materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid excitons, characterized by their strong oscillation strength and long lifetimes, hold great potential as information carriers in semiconductors. They offer promising applications in exciton‐based devices and circuits. MoSe2/WS2 heterostructures represent an ideal platform for studying hybrid excitons, but how to regulate the exciton lifetime has not yet been explored. In this study, layer hybridization is modulated by applying electric fields parallel or antiparallel to the dipole moment, enabling us to regulate the exciton lifetime from 1.36 to 4.60 ns. Furthermore, the time‐resolved photoluminescence decay traces are measured at different excitation power. A hybrid exciton annihilation rate of 8.9 × 10−4 cm2 s−1 is obtained by fitting. This work reveals the effects of electric fields and excitation power on the lifetime of hybrid excitons in MoSe2/WS2 1.5° moiré heterostructures, which play important roles in high photoluminescence quantum yield optoelectronic devices based on transition‐metal dichalcogenides heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate predictive biomarkers that could be used to identify patients' response to treatment, plasma metabolomics and proteomics analyses were performed in Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) patients treated with Fufang Duzhong Jiangu Granules (FDJG). Plasma was collected from 12 KBD patients before treatment and 1 month after FDJG treatment. LC–MS and olink proteomics were employed for obtaining plasma metabolomics profiling and inflammatory protein profiles. Patients were classified into responders and non‐responders based on drug efficacy. Enrichment analyses of differential metabolites and proteins of the responders at baseline and after treatment were conducted to study the mechanism of drug action. Differential metabolites and proteins between the two groups were screened as biomarkers to predict the drug efficacy. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of biomarkers. The changes in metabolites and inflammatory proteins in responders after treatment reflected the mechanism of FDJG treatment for KBD, which may act on glycerophospholipid metabolism, d‐glutamine and d‐glutamate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and NF‐kappa B signaling pathway. Three metabolites were identified as potential predictors: N‐undecanoylglycine, β‐aminopropionitrile and PC [18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)]. For inflammatory protein, interleukin‐8 was identified as a predictive biomarker to detect responders. Combined use of these four biomarkers had high predictive ability (area under the curve = 0.972). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrically coupling water splitting at high current density is a promising approach for the acquisition of green hydrogen energy. However, it places significant demands on the photo/electrocatalysts. Herein, rare earth elements doping NiMoO4‐based phosphorus/sulfide heterostructure nanorod arrays (RE‐NiMo‐PS@NF [RE = Y, Er, La, and Sc]) are obtained for solar‐enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting at high current densities. The results of the experiment and density‐functional theory studies illustrate that the Y element as a dopant not only makes the NiMoP2/NiMo3S4/NiMoO4 heterostructure exhibit excellent solar‐enhanced electrocatalytic activity (hydrogen evolution reaction [HER]: η1000 = 211 mV, oxygen evolution reaction [OER]: η1000 = 367 mV) but also optimizes the heterostructure interfacial electron density distributions and HER free energy. In addition, Y‐NiMo‐PS@NF achieves 18.64% solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency. This study not only provides a new way to synthesize heterostructure electrocatalysts but also inspires the application of solar enhancement strategies for high current density water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major cellular component in the tumor microenvironment and have been shown to exhibit protumorigenic effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to delve into the mechanisms underlying the tumor‐promoting effects of CAFs in HCC. Small RNA sequencing was conducted to screen differential expressed microRNAs in exosomes derived from CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs). The miR‐92a‐3p expression was then measured using reverse transcriptase quantitative real‐time PCR in CAFs, NFs, CAFs‐derived exosomes (CAFs‐Exo), and NF‐derived exosomes (NFs‐Exo). Compared to NFs or NF‐Exo, CAFs and CAFs‐Exo significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and stemness. Additionally, compared to NFs or NF‐Exo, miR‐92a‐3p level was notably higher in CAFs and CAFs‐Exo, respectively. Exosomal miR‐92a‐3p was found to enhance HCC cell proliferation, migration, and stemness. Meanwhile, AXIN1 was targeted by miR‐92a‐3p. Exosomal miR‐92a‐3p could activate β‐catenin/CD44 signaling in HCC cells by inhibiting AXIN1 messenger RNA. Furthermore, in vivo studies verified that exosomal miR‐92a‐3p notably promoted tumor growth and stemness through targeting AXIN1/β‐catenin axis. Collectively, CAFs secreted exosomal miR‐92a‐3p was capable of promoting growth and stemness in HCC through activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by suppressing AXIN1. Therefore, targeting CAFs‐derived miR‐92a‐3p may be a potential strategy for treating HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics are a growing concern as pollutants that impact both public health and the environment. However, the toxic effects of polypropylene microplastics (PP‐MPs) are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PP‐MPs on cardiotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms. The cardiotoxicity of exposure to different amounts of PP‐MPs were investigated in both ICR mice and H9C2 cells. Our results demonstrated that sub‐chronic exposure to 5 and 50 mg/L PP‐MPs led to myocardial structural damage, apoptosis, and fibrosis in mice cardiomyocytes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that PP‐MPs could decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and induce apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Western blotting revealed decreased expression of Bcl‐2, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase 3 and increased expression of Bax, cleaved‐PARP, and cleaved‐caspase 3 in PP‐MPs‐treated cardiac tissue and H9C2 cells. These results confirmed the apoptotic effects induced by PP‐MPs. Moreover, PP‐MPs treatment triggered oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased levels of malondialdehyde; reduction in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in mice cardiac tissues; and increased reactive oxygen species levels in H9C2 cells. Finally, western blotting demonstrated that exposure to PP‐MPs significantly reduced the expression levels of Nrf2 and p‐ERK proteins associated with MAPK‐Nrf2 pathway in both cardiac tissue and H9C2 cells. Overall, our findings indicate that PP‐MPs can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis through MAPK‐Nrf2 signaling pathway, which is triggered by oxidative stress. This study provides a foundation for determining the effects of PP‐MPs on cardiotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female song in birds is more widespread than previously thought, and studies across different species are critical for better understanding the entire evolutionary process of bird song. In this study, we recorded the songs of males and females in a duetting, montane bird species, the Elliot's laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii, across consecutive breeding seasons. We specifically focused on identifying the number and structure of different song types by males and females, and compared these acoustic structures between the sexes. Our findings revealed that both males and females sang sex‐specific solos. More specifically, females sang a single type of solo that varied significantly in the number of notes, whereas males produced three different solos composed of 2, 3, or 4 notes, respectively. Female solos exhibited significantly more notes and longer song duration compared to males. Male solos typically had a significantly higher maximum frequency for the entire song. No significant differences were observed in the duration of the first note, song rate, and other frequency characteristics between male and female solos. Furthermore, paired males and females coordinated their sex‐specific solos to form duets when challenged by conspecific territory intruders, both within and outside the breeding season. Sex‐specific solos suggested that male and female songs play different roles and may be subject to different selective pressures. Further research is necessary for elucidating the functions of male song, female song, and duets in this montane bird species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation enteritis is the most common complication of pelvic radiotherapy, but there is no effective prevention or treatment drug. Apoptotic T cells and their products play an important role in regulating inflammation and maintaining physiological immune homeostasis. Here it is shown that systemically infused T cell‐derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) can target mice irradiated intestines and alleviate radiation enteritis. Mechanistically, radiation elevates the synthesis of intestinal 2′3′ cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) and activates cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) proinflammatory pathway. After systemic infusion of ApoEVs, the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) enriches on the surface of ApoEVs hydrolyze extracellular cGAMP, resulting in inhibition of the cGAS‐STING pathway activated by irradiation. Furthermore, after ApoEVs are phagocytosed by phagocytes, ENPP1 on ApoEVs hydrolyzed intracellular cGAMP, which serves as an intracellular cGAMP hydrolyzation mode, thereby alleviating radiation enteritis. The findings shed light on the intracellular and extracellular hydrolysis capacity of ApoEVs and their role in inflammation regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin‐film fluorescent sensors play critical roles in the gas sensing field. However, fluorescent sensing materials for practical applications are limited, because of the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect and photobleaching. This study investigates a host–guest thin‐film fluorescence sensor by incorporating a fluorescent probe into a metal–organic framework (MOF). The fluorescent molecule Me4BOPHY‐1 acts as a recognition probe for the neurotoxin analog diethylchlorophosphite (DCP). The MOF (ZIF‐8) provides nanocavities for the confinement of guest molecules, which reduces the self‐aggregation of fluorescent molecules and pre‐enriches the target gas. By applying ZIF‐8 framework to disperse the fluorescent molecules, the ACQ effect of Me4BOPHY‐1 can be effectively overcome. The fluorescence quantum efficiency of the molecules is increased from 0.76% to 19.72%, which enables its ability for gas sensing with a fast response time of 3 s and a detection limit as low as 1.13 ppb. Besides, the MOF facilitates selectivity enhancement through the confinement effect, weakening the sensing response to the interference of HCl. Moreover, the confinement effect also ensures high photo‐stability as well as thermal stability. It can maintain fluorescence intensity under 4800 s' laser irradiation. Thus, the host–guest design strategy offers a thin‐film fluorescence gas sensor with high 3S (sensitivity, selectivity, and stability) toward neurotoxin analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Plateau–Rayleigh instability (PRI) of a liquid column, which always spontaneously breaks into droplets to minimize surface energy, underlies a variety of fascinating phenomena in daily life and industrial applications. Different from the free liquid column, the evolution of the liquid film on a fiber involves solid‐liquid interfaces which allow for regulating the PRI. Recently, natural fibers with certain topologies have witnessed various dynamic liquid behaviors from droplet manipulation to continuous liquid films. Tailoring the topology of local curved liquid film by the structural‐confinement is the key to manipulating liquids, where the asymmetric Laplace pressure generated by the asymmetric/non‐spherical liquid film promotes the liquid motion. In nature, the spider silk collects droplets efficiently by the spindle‐knot structure; while the mulberry silk enables a smooth surface‐coating on dual‐parallel fibers. Drawing inspirations, many artificial structured fibers are developed to precisely regulate liquid behaviors in the form of either separated droplets or continuous liquid films, which have demonstrated applications as fluidic coating, micro‐patterning, and materials fabrication. Here, recent research progress on bioinspired fibrous PRI from the viewpoints of tailoring the Laplace pressure by rationally designing the surface topology, which offers inspiration for liquid manipulation using open fibrous media, is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulating the crystal orientation plays a crucial role in the conversion efficiency during second harmonic generation (SHG). Here, we provide a new strategy in controlling the surface‐dependent anisotropic SHG with the precise design of (101) and (21‾ ${\bar 1}$ 0) MAGeI3 facets. Based on the SHG measurement, the (101) MAGeI3 single crystal exhibits larger SHG (1.3×(21‾ ${\bar 1}$ 0) MAGeI3). Kelvin probe force microscopy imaging shows a smaller work function for the (101) MAGeI3 compared with the (21‾ ${\bar 1}$ 0), which indirectly demonstrates the stronger intrinsic polarization on the (101) surface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the band bending within the (101) facet. Temperature‐dependent steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy show shorter lifetime and wider emission band in the (101) MAGeI3 single crystal, revealing the higher defect states. Additionally, powder X‐ray diffraction patterns show the (101) MAGeI3 possesses larger in‐plane polar units [GeI3]− density, which could directly enhance the spontaneous polarization in the (101) facet. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation further demonstrates the higher intrinsic polarization in the (101) facet compared with the (21‾ ${\bar 1}$ 0) facet, and the larger built‐in electric field in the (101) facet facilitates surface vacancy defect accumulation. Our work provides a new angle in tuning and optimizing hybrid perovskite‐based nonlinear optical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), a toxic metabolite of homocysteine (Hcy) in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is known to modify protein structure and function, leading to protein damage through formation of N‐Hcy‐protein. HTL has been highly linked to HHcy‐associated cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The protective role of HTL hydrolases against HTL‐associated vascular toxicity and neurotoxicity have been reported. Although several endogeneous enzymes capable of hydrolyzing HTL have been identified, the primary enzyme responsible for its metabolism remains unclear. In this study, three human carboxylesterases were screened to explore new HTL hydrolase and human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1) demonstrates the highest catalytic activity against HTL. Given the abundance of hCES1 in the liver and the clinical significance of its single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), six common hCES1 nonsynonymous coding SNP (nsSNPs) variants were examined and characterized for their kinetic parameters. Variants E220G and G143E displayed 7.3‐fold and 13.2‐fold lower catalytic activities than its wild‐type counterpart. In addition, the detailed catalytic mechanism of hCES1 for HTL hydrolysis was computational investigated and elucidated by Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) method. The function of residues E220 and G143 in sustaining its hydrolytic activity of hCES1 was analyzed, and the calculated energy difference aligns well with experimental‐derived results, supporting the validity of our computational insights. These findings provide insights into the potential protective role of hCES1 against HTL‐associated toxicity, and warrant future studies on the possible association between specific genetic variants of hCES1 with impaired catalytic function and clinical susceptibility of HTL‐associated cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China's land‐based anthropogenic emissions are decreasing, the impact of marine shipping emissions (MSEs) on the atmosphere, especially in coastal areas, deserves further attention. This study investigates the impact of MSEs on MDA8 ozone (O3) levels during the warm seasons of 2017 in China, considering different seasons and synoptic patterns. The results indicate that the average impact of MSEs on O3 decreases from offshore to inland, peaking at over 29.0 ppb at sea and 13.8 ppb along the coast of mainland China. Influenced by precursor emissions, meteorology and other factors, MSEs contribute differently to O3 in Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD), with contributions of 3.0, 5.2, and 4.9 ppb, respectively, and ranging from 2.7 to 7.3 ppb in 13 coastal port cities. The O3 impacts of MSEs are higher on polluted days than on clean days, especially during onshore winds. In the BTH, MSEs increase O3 by 5.5 ppb on polluted days and 3.0 ppb on clean days with northeast winds from the Bohai Sea. In the YRD, MSEs increase O3 by 9.4 ppb on polluted days and 7.3 ppb on clean days with southeast winds. MSEs significantly increase O3 levels in the PRD by 11.0 ppb on polluted days and 5.0 ppb on clean days with southeast winds. Although the emission inventories, initial and boundary conditions, etc. may introduce uncertainties, our results still provide useful information for O3 pollution management in coastal cities as a reasonable way to track mass contributions. Plain Language Summary: This study looks at how marine shipping emissions (MSEs) affect ozone levels in coastal China during the warm seasons in 2017. The impact of MSEs on ozone levels varies by season and region. They are significant during onshore winds and higher on polluted days than on clean days. They decrease from offshore to inland, peaking at over 29.0 ppb at sea and 13.8 ppb (21.5%) in coastal areas of mainland China. In several port cities, MSEs increase ozone levels by 2.7–7.3 ppb. In the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta, they increase ozone levels by 3.0, 5.2, and 4.9 ppb, respectively. In these three regions, MSEs can increase ozone levels on polluted days (clean days) by 5.5 ppb (3.0 ppb), 9.4 ppb (7.3 ppb), and 11.0 ppb (5.0 ppb) under synoptic patterns with onshore winds. These results show the importance of considering MSEs in managing ozone pollution in coastal cities. Key Points: Ozone impact of marine shipping emissions (MSEs) decreases from sea to inland, peaking at 29.0 ppb at sea and 13.8 ppb in coastal mainland ChinaIn 2017, MSEs increase ozone levels by 2.7–7.3 ppb in coastal port cities and 3.0–5.2 ppb in three major regionsMSEs have a higher impact on polluted days and are significant during onshore winds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn metal is a promising anode material in aqueous batteries, but the direct use of Zn foil encounters severe issues of dendrite formation and side reactions, causing short cycle life. Conventional thick and rigid insulating protection layers may impede Zn ion diffusion and detach during mechanical deformation of the battery. Herein, a dendrite‐free zinc anode is demonstrated by grafting a thin (≈10 nm) Ti3C2Tx MXene functional membrane which is formed via Marangoni‐driven self‐assembly. The thin MXene membrane initiates uniform nucleation and promotes deposition of (002)‐oriented Zn in a lateral growth mode. Meanwhile, the membrane functions as a soft, stress‐adaptive, and protective layer to the underneath active zinc. This functional membrane renders Zn anode with improved cycling stability without notable dendrite formation or side‐reaction products. Flexible Zn─I2 pouch cells fabricated from the MXene‐covered Zn foil (20 µm thick) anode and a modified ZnI2 cathode demonstrate stable capacity up to 1500 cycles and unchanged voltage upon various mechanical deformations. This work affords new insights into designing functional soft membranes for constructing flexible Zn‐based energy devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One challenge confronting the Cu2O catalysts in the electrocatalysis of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is the reduction of active Cu(I) species, resulting in low selectivity and quick deactivation. In this study, we for the first time introduce a bottom‐up growth of convex sphere with adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) interfaces (Cux@Cu2O convex spheres). Interestingly, the interfaces are dynamically modulated by varying hydrothermal time, thus regulating the conversion of C1 and C2 products. In particular, the 4 h hydrothermal treatment applied to Cu0.25@Cu2O convex sphere with the favorable Cu(0)/Cu(I) interface results in the highest selectivity for C2 products (90.5 %). In situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations reveal that the Cu(0)/Cu(I) interface lowers the energy barrier for the production of ethylene and ethanol while increasing the coverage of localized *CO adsorbate for increased dimerization. This work establishes a novel approach for transforming the state of valence‐sensitive electrocatalysts into high‐value energy‐related engineering products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA is commonly employed as a substrate for the building of artificial logic networks due to its excellent biocompatibility and programmability. Till now, DNA logic circuits are rapidly evolving to accomplish advanced operations. Nonetheless, nowadays, most DNA circuits remain to be disposable and lack of field programmability and thereby limits their practicability. Herein, inspired by the Configurable Logic Block (CLB), the CLB‐based erasable field‐programmable DNA circuit that uses clip strands as its operation‐controlling signals is presented. It enables users to realize diverse functions with limited hardware. CLB‐based basic logic gates (OR and AND) are first constructed and demonstrated their erasability and field programmability. Furthermore, by adding the appropriate operation‐controlling strands, multiple rounds of programming are achieved among five different logic operations on a two‐layer circuit. Subsequently, a circuit is successfully built to implement two fundamental binary calculators: half‐adder and half‐subtractor, proving that the design can imitate silicon‐based binary circuits. Finally, a comprehensive CLB‐based circuit is built that enables multiple rounds of switch among seven different logic operations including half‐adding and half‐subtracting. Overall, the CLB‐based erasable field‐programmable circuit immensely enhances their practicability. It is believed that design can be widely used in DNA logic networks due to its efficiency and convenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tongbai complex plays an important role in the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Tongbai‐Dabie orogenic belt. By detailed structural analysis, new zircon U–Pb dating, zircon Lu–Hf analysis and whole‐rock elements for the rocks in the Tongbai complex and the wrapped shear zones, we suggested that the Tongbai complex was derived from the partial melting of the basement of Yangtze Block and experienced a uniform orogen‐parallel extension with a top‐to‐NW shearing at 142–133 Ma. The migmatites yield a migmatization age of 116 ± 2 Ma and are identical to the metamorphic age of 115–111 Ma from the L and LS tectonites in the Tongbai complex. The late Early Cretaceous migmatization may give rise to the severance of the uniform top‐to‐NW shear zone and lead to an antiform folding of the Tongbai complex. The similar deformation and migmatization of the complexes in both the Tongbai and Dabie orogenic belts suggest that the Tongbai‐Dabie orogenic belt is likely to have a similar tectonic transformation from orogen‐parallel to orogen‐perpendicular extension in the Early Cretaceous, namely a uniform orogen‐parallel extension of the ductile lithosphere during the early Early Cretaceous and a widespread migmatization during the late Early Cretaceous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is a growing global health problem with many deleterious effects, such as cognitive impairment. Microglia activation‐induced neuroinflammation may be an essential factor in this. Propofol has been shown to clear sleep debt after SD in rats. This study aims to evaluate the effects of propofol‐induced sleep on ameliorating sleep quality impairment and cognitive decline after 48 h SD. Methods: Almost 8–12‐week‐old rats were placed in the SD system for 48 h of natural sleep or continuous SD. Afterwards, rats received propofol (20 mg·kg−1·h−1, 6 h) via the tail or slept naturally. The Morris water maze (MWM) and Y‐maze test assessed spatial learning and memory abilities. Rat EEG/EMG monitored sleep. The expression of brain and muscle Arnt‐like protein 1 (BMAL1), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and BMAL1 in the hypothalamus were assessed by western blot. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay detected IL‐6, IL‐1β, arginase 1 (Arg1), and IL‐10 levels in the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to determine microglia expression as well as morphological changes. Results: Compared to the control group, the sleep‐deprived rats showed poor cognitive performance on both the MWM test and the Y‐maze test, accompanied by disturbances in sleep structure, including increased total sleep time, and increased time spent and delta power in non‐rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, SD induces abnormal expression of the circadian rhythm protein BMAL1, activates microglia, and causes neuroinflammation and nerve damage. Propofol reversed these changes and saved sleep and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, propofol treatment significantly reduced hippocampal IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels, increased BDNF, Arg1, and IL‐10 levels, and switched microglia surface markers from the inflammatory M1 type to the anti‐inflammatory M2 type. Conclusion: Propofol reduces SD‐induced cognitive impairment and circadian rhythm disruption, possibly by lowering neuronal inflammation and switching the microglia phenotype from an M1 to an M2 activated state, thus exerting neuroprotective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura is one of the most harmful lepidoptera pests in China, and is difficult to control due to its strong resistance to the current frequently used insecticide species. The requirement to develop pesticides with novel toxicology mechanisms to control S. litura is urgent. The quassinoid of bruceine D display outstanding systemic properties and strong insecticidal activity against S. litura, which possess notable application potential for integrative management of S. litura, but the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. RESULTS: In this study, we found that bruceine D exerts potent growth inhibitory activity against S. litura, disrupting the ecdysone and juvenile hormone titers, and causing long‐term adverse effects. Association analysis between transcriptomics and metabolomics suggested that bruceine D affected the digestion and absorption capacity of S. litura larvae by inducing a strong oxidative stress response and cell apoptosis in the intestine. Further analysis demonstrated that bruceine D can inhibit the activities of digestive and antioxidant enzymes and induce malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overaccumulation in the midgut. Moreover, the protein level of Bax, cleavage caspase 3, and cytochrome c expressed in cytoplasm (cyto) were up‐regulated by bruceine D, while Bcl‐2 and cytochrome c expressed in mitochondria (mito) were down‐regulated. In addition, there was a noticeable increase in caspase‐3 protease activity. Histopathological observations revealed that bruceine D damages the structure of midgut epithelial cells and activates lysosomes, which subsequently disrupts the midgut tissue. CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings suggested that bruceine D induced excessive ROS accumulation in midgut epithelial cells. The resulting cell apoptosis disrupted midgut tissue, leading ultimately to reduced nutrient digestion and absorption in the midgut and the inhibition of larval growth. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfide all‐solid‐state battery (SASSB) with ultrahigh‐nickel layered oxide cathode (LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2, NCM, x ≥ 0.9) offers the potential of high energy density and safety for superior energy storage systems. However, stable cycling is difficult to realize due to adverse interfacial reactions, space charge layer (SCL), and elemental diffusion. Herein, a straightforward solid‐phase coating strategy is exploited to synthesize Ni90‐S cathode, which greatly improves the charge transmission capability of the composite cathode and suppresses interfacial reactions in SASSB. The consequent SC‐Ni90‐0.2%S/Li6PS5Cl/Li4Ti5O12 SASSB exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, including a long life of 500 cycles with 87% capacity retention at 1C, high areal capacity of 11.44 mAh cm−2, and excellent rate performance at 20 C. These results promise an efficient strategy for designing cathode materials for SASSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermittent sunlight irradiation severely limits the performance of solar evaporators for electricity output and freshwater production. To address this issue, a hierarchical‐structured three‐dimentional (3D) solar evaporator to simultaneously enhance output voltage and freshwater production by integrating a paraffin‐type phase change material (PCM) with a circular concave‐shaped 3D supporter covered with a carbon‐black‐nanoparticles‐modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric (PMCB) is developed. In this developed 3D solar evaporator, the 3D‐printed supporter can trap sunlight to improve solar energy absorption, and the PMCB obtained from hydrophilic and hydrophobic modification can adequately absorb sunlight for electricity generation and water evaporation, resulting in a maximum output voltage of 3.51 V and a high evaporation rate of 4.0 kg m−2 h−1 under natural sunlight illumination. Owing to the introduction of the PCM, the 3D solar evaporator obtains a decrease in the time required for charging a capacitor by 57.9% and an increase in freshwater production by 29.9% compared to the counterpart without a PCM. Through rationally utilizing the solar photothermal energy stored by the PCM and innovatively integrating the PCM and PMCB in a hierarchical‐structured 3D supporter, the developed 3D solar evaporator exhibits great application potential for simultaneous electricity generation and freshwater supply under intermittent solar irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rhizomes are modified stems that grow underground and produce new individuals genetically identical to the mother plant. Recently, a breakthrough has been made in efforts to convert annual grains into perennial ones by utilizing wild rhizomatous species as donors, yet the developmental biology of this organ is rarely studied. Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice species featuring strong rhizomes, provides a valuable model for exploration of rhizome development. Here, we first assembled a double‐haplotype genome of O. longistaminata, which displays a 48‐fold improvement in contiguity compared to the previously published assembly. Furthermore, spatiotemporal transcriptomics was performed to obtain the expression profiles of different tissues in O. longistaminata rhizomes and tillers. Two spatially reciprocal cell clusters, the vascular bundle 2 cluster and the parenchyma 2 cluster, were determined to be the primary distinctions between the rhizomes and tillers. We also captured meristem initiation cells in the sunken area of parenchyma located at the base of internodes, which is the starting point for rhizome initiation. Trajectory analysis further indicated that the rhizome is regenerated through de novo generation. Collectively, these analyses revealed a spatiotemporal transcriptional transition underlying the rhizome initiation, providing a valuable resource for future perennial crop breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The induction of regulated cell death (RCD) through photo/ultrasound sensitization therapeutic agents has gained significant attention as a vital approach to combat drug resistance in tumors. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) therapeutic agents generate reactive oxygen species through photo/ultrasound activation, which can synergize with RCD inducers or directly induce RCD, ultimately resulting in the death of tumor cells. The presented comprehensive review delves into recent advancements in AIE therapeutic agents designed to trigger RCD or synergize with RCD inducers, encompassing apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, immunogenic cell death, autophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Additionally, the intricate regulatory mechanisms through which activatory‐AIE therapeutics influence distinct RCD pathways are examined. A forward‐looking perspective on future developments and pertinent challenges within this exciting realm is presented, anticipating the continued evolution of activatable AIE therapeutics as a transformative approach to enhance tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating clean seismic signals from noisy single‐channel records is a hot research topic in the field of microseismic data processing. Due to the existence of strong random noise, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of such data is low, presenting a challenge for signal restoration. In this paper, we propose a denoising method of microseismic data based on a single‐channel phase space reconstruction and independent component analysis algorithm. Specifically, we first apply the phase space reconstruction to transform the one‐dimensional seismic signal into a high‐dimensional phase space in which signal and noise have different trajectories. We then employ independent component analysis to the reconstructed data for noise separation. Experimental results on real microseismic data verify that our proposed denoising method is useful for noise suppression and can enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio of data, which can be further used for signal identification and event positioning in microseismic monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallurgical slag such as solid waste generated in the steel industry carries environmental pollution risks, but it is rich in nutrients required by microalgae. Metallurgical slag used for carbon capture and biomass energy conversion has multiple benefits: (i) reduction and harmless treatment of metallurgical solid waste, (ii) assisting in carbon neutrality by efficient carbon fixation, and (iii) production of biodiesel from CO2. In this study, AOD, BOF, BFS, HVS, and VTS slag were applied to culture Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) with the regulation of growth, carbon fixation, and lipid synthesis. An excellent fixed amount of CO2 with 94.59 mg is obtained from C. pyrenoidosa biomass at BOF slag added (mass ratio of CO2 captured/microalgae/slag with 1.99/1.00/10.53) since high Ca/Mg mass ratio of 419 (8.38 mg/L Ca and 0.02 mg/L Mg), no Cr and low concentration of Al (0.04 mg/L) contribute to regulating antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and POD) to resist ROS and improving PEPC activity to reduce carbon flux toward lipid to promote biomass synthesis. Both metal concentrations from Ca (5.86 mg/L), Mg (0.05 mg/L), Al (0.42 mg/L), and Cr (0.006 mg/L) and suitable pH (10.53) in AOD leaching solution at solid/liquid ratio of 0.5 g/L change carbon flow toward efficient lipid synthesis (47.07 wt%) by continuously providing raw materials and energy by regulating ACC, ME, and PEPC activities. High value‐added biodiesel with high concentrations of C16 and C18 methyl esters from lipid of C. pyrenoidosa is achieved, following other ecological and economic benefits including 197 mg CO2 captured and 2198 mg AOD applied with harmless. In this study, C. pyrenoidosa is cultured with elements from metallurgical slag solid waste, which promotes C. pyrenoidosa efficient carbon fixation to assist in carbon neutrality, and provides guidance for CO2 conversion to high‐value‐added products with low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of faeces has long been a popular approach for genetic and ecological studies of wildlife. However, the success of molecular marker genotyping and genome resequencing is often unpredictable due to insufficient enrichment of endogenous DNA in the total faecal DNA that is dominated by bacterial DNA. Here, we report a simple and cheap method named PEERS to predominantly lyse animal cells over bacteria by using sodium dodecyl sulphate so as to discharge endogenous DNA into liquid phase before bacterial DNA. By brief centrifugation, total DNA with enriched endogenous fraction can be extracted from the supernatant using routine methods. Our assessments showed that the endogenous DNA extracted by PEERS was significantly enriched for various types of faeces from different species, preservation time and conditions. It significantly improves the genotyping correctness and efficiency of genome resequencing with the total additional cost of $ 0.1 and a short incubation step to treat a faecal sample. We also provide methods to assess the enrichment efficiency of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and models to predict the usability of faecal DNA for genotyping of short tandem repeat, single‐nucleotide polymorphism and whole‐genome resequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study aimed to characterise the volatile aroma and hazardous compounds presented in smoked meat from various regions and types. The analysis was conducted using chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. In six types of smoked meat, 15 of the 40 key aroma compounds were found to be co‐occurring. The highest contributor among them was 2‐methoxy‐phenol. Compared to other smoked meat, Norharman was more abundant in smoked pork with a range of 4.97~81.04 ng g−1, and Nε‐carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and Nε‐carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) were higher in smoked pork and chicken with a range of 9.32~138.91 μg g−1 and 6.35~141.74 μg g−1, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content did not exceed 5 μg kg−1 in any of the samples. Concerning aroma compounds, phenolics were higher in smoked pork and mutton, aldehydes in smoked duck and goose and nitrogenous compounds mainly in smoked chicken. Additionally, 12 key potential markers were identified for distinguishing between different regions and types of smoked meat. In comparison, southwest smoked meat showed higher levels of key phenolics such as 2‐methoxy‐phenol. This result contributed to a comprehensive understanding of smoked meat while being valuable in both retaining key aroma and reducing hazardous compounds in later stages of new product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]