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Background Aims Patients and Methods Results Conclusions Double eyelid blepharoplasty is the most popular cosmetic operation in Asian population. Various surgical techniques have been developed in order to create dynamic eyelid folds with natural‐looking in recent years, but postoperative complications like so‐called sausage‐like appearance have not been resolved completely.To create natural‐looking dynamic folds, we propose a new method imitating the original anatomical structure of congenital double‐eyelid.Eighty‐six patients who underwent the double‐eyelid surgery from June 1st, 2018 to October 31st, 2020 were included in this retrospective study, including 10 males and 76 females, aged 18–39 years (mean 27.4 ± 5.6 years). All the included patients received double eyelid surgery performed by the same senior doctor, using the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle‐releasing technique. Patient Reported Outcome Measures questionnaires were administrated to assess the severity of scarring, pain, and asymmetry, as well as functional and appearance issues. Surgical outcome was assessed through objective and subjective evaluation forms (PROM and patient satisfaction rate).Among the 86 patients, 5 were lost during the follow‐up period. The absolute number of enrolled patients is 81. 91.36% of the enrolled patients reported minimal or non‐visible scarring at the double eyelid incision. As to functional and appearance issues, the main problem were asymmetry (12.35%) and the narrowing of the supratarsal crease width (8.64%). No supratarsal depression and “sausage‐like” appearance occurred in this study. 95.1% of patients reported either good or excellent outcome (mean score: 108 of 120) based on analysis of PROM results, and 96.3% of patients reported either high or very high satisfaction (mean score: 96 of 120) for the patient satisfaction assessment.This new surgical method of double‐eyelid blepharoplasty provides comparatively safe and effective results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative analysis of gait parameters, such as stride frequency and step speed, is essential for optimizing physical exercise for the human body. However, the current electronic sensors used in human motion monitoring remain constrained by factors such as battery life and accuracy. This study developed a self‐powered gait analysis system (SGAS) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabricated electrospun composite nanofibers for motion monitoring and gait analysis for regulating exercise programs. The SGAS consists of a sensing module, a charging module, a data acquisition and processing module, and an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. Within the sensing module, two specialized sensing units, TENG‐S1 and TENG‐S2, are positioned at the forefoot and heel to generate synchronized signals in tandem with the user's footsteps. These signals are instrumental for real‐time step count and step speed monitoring. The output of the two TENG units is significantly improved by systematically investigating and optimizing the electrospun composite nanofibers' composition, strength, and wear resistance. Additionally, a charge amplifier circuit is implemented to process the raw voltage signal, consequently bolstering the reliability of the sensing signal. This refined data is then ready for further reading and calculation by the micro‐controller unit (MCU) during the signal transmission process. Finally, the well‐conditioned signals are wirelessly transmitted to the IoT platform for data analysis, storage, and visualization, enhancing human motion monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality is a fundamental characteristic of living organisms and is commonly observed at the biomolecule, cellular, and tissue levels. Chiral nanomaterials play an irreplaceable role in nanomedicine and nanobiology because of their unique enantioselectivity with biological components. Here, research progress relating to chiral nanomaterials in the field of vaccines is reviewed, including antigen presenting systems, immune adjuvants, and cancer vaccines. First, the common synthesis methods are outlined for different types of chiral nanomaterials, as well as their chiral sources, optical properties, and potential biological applications. Then, the application of chiral nanomaterials are discussed in the field of vaccines with reference to the promotion of antigen presentation and activation of the immune system for tumor immunotherapy. Finally, the current obstacles and future research directions of chiral nanomaterials are revealed with regard to regulating the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical burn contracture is one of the burn contractures with the highest incidence and severity, and there is no effective method to predict the risk of neck contracture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined cervicothoracic skin grafting on the risk of neck contracture in burn patients and to develop a nomogram to predict the risk of neck contracture after skin grafting in burn patients. Data from 212 patients with burns who underwent neck skin grafting were collected from three hospitals, and the patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets. Independent predictors were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and incorporated into a prognostic nomogram. Its performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Burn depth, combined cervicothoracic skin grafting, graft thickness, and neck graft size were significantly associated with neck contractures. In the training cohort, the nomogram had an area under the curve of 0.894. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis indicated good clinical applicability of the nomogram. The results were tested using a validation dataset. Combined cervicothoracic skin grafting is an independent risk factor for neck contracture. Our nomogram demonstrated excellent performance in predicting neck contracture risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of mild selective brain hypothermia on aged female ischemic mice. Methods: A distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) model was established in aged female mice, who were then subjected to mild selective brain hypothermia immediately after the dMCAO procedure. Neurological behavioral examinations were conducted prior to and up to 35 days post‐ischemia. Infarct volume, brain atrophy, pro‐inflammation, and anti‐inflammation microglia/macrophages phenotype and white matter injury were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Correlations between neurological behaviors and histological parameters were evaluated by Pearson product linear regression analysis. Results: Sensorimotor and cognitive function tests confirmed the protective effect of mild selective brain hypothermia in elderly female ischemic mice. In addition, hypothermia decreased the infarct volume and brain atrophy induced by focal cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, hypothermia alleviated ischemia‐induced short‐term and long‐term white matter injury, which was correlated with behavioral deficits. Finally, hypothermia suppressed the harmful immunological response by promoting the transformation of pro‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages to anti‐inflammatory phenotype. This polarization was negatively correlated with neuronal loss and white matter injury. Conclusion: Mild selective brain hypothermia promoted long‐term functional recovery by alleviating white matter damage in an aged female mouse model of ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a common cerebrovascular disease, seriously threatens human health and has severe secondary injuries, while existing treatment methods have many limitations. α2δ‐1 is a subunit of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) and can act on glutamate receptor N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) to relieve neuropathic pain. Methods: We first performed ICH modeling on WT mice and Cacna2d1 knockout (KO) mice. The expression levels of GluN1 and α2δ‐1 were measured by Western blot and q‐PCR, and the interaction between the two proteins was evaluated by co‐precipitation. The neuronal apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay, and the expression levels of inflammatory factors were assessed by ELISA. The nerve functions of mice were evaluated using behavioral experiments including corner turn test and forelimb use asymmetry. Cerebral hematoma was indicated by brain water content and lesion volume. Results: ICH up‐regulated the expression levels of α2δ‐1 and GluN1. KO of Cacna2d1 significantly reduced the ICH‐induced apoptosis. The treatment of gabapentin on α2δ‐1 also significantly reduced the occurrence of apoptosis. KO of Cacna2d1 also reduced the ICH‐induced levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, neural functions were also significantly improved. Conclusion: Cacna2d1 KO alleviates cerebral hematoma in ICH mice, exhibits a significant regulating effect on its secondary injuries such as neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, and restores the nerve functions of ICH mice. Loss of Cacna2d1 can provide useful therapeutic clues for ICH treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many scenarios, where videos are transmitted through bandwidth‐limited channels for subsequent semantic analytics, the choice of frame rates has to balance between bandwidth constraints and analytics performance. Faced with this practical challenge, this study focuses on enhancing object tracking at low frame rates and proposes a learning Interpolation for tracking framework. This framework embeds an implicit video frame interpolation sub‐network, which is concatenated and jointly trained with another object tracking sub‐network. Once a low frame‐rate video is an input, it is first mapped into a high frame‐rate latent video, based on which the tracker is learned. Novel strategies and loss functions are derived to ensure the effective end‐to‐end optimisation of the authors' network. On several challenging benchmarks and settings, their method achieves a highly competitive tradeoff between frame rate and tracking accuracy. As is known, the implications of interpolation on semantic video analytics and tracking remain unexplored, and the authors expect their method to find many applications in mobile embedded vision, Internet of Things and edge computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantitative detection of microRNA (miR) and multimode-imaging-induced photothermal therapy in vivo have become the focus of much attention. Platinum (Pt) decorated gold nanorods (AuNR-Pt) and Ag2S core-satellite (AuNR-Pt@Ag2S) multifunctional nanostructures are fabricated to quantify intracellular miRs (miR-21), near-infrared fluorescence cell quantitative imaging, and tumor ablation in vivo. When combined with miR-21, the nanoassembly displays significant fluorescence intensity in the second window of the near-infrared region (1000-1700 nm) after 808 nm excitation. The Ag2S fluorescence intensity has a good linear relationship with the amount of intracellular miR in the range of 0.054-20.45 amol ngRNA −1 and a limit of detection of 0.0082 amol ngRNA −1. The nanoassembly is also used to develop multimodal bioimaging, including near-infrared, X-ray computed tomographic, and photoacoustic imaging in HeLa-tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the tumors are completely eliminated by the high photothermal capacity of the AuNR-Pt@Ag2S assembly. This nanoassembly provides a multifunctional nanoplatform for the ultrasensitive detection of miRs and tumor diagnosis and therapy in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging treatment for cancer, phototherapy has received much clinical attention. Here, a multifunctional Au nanocup (Au NC) for the targeted computed tomographic and photoacoustic imaging of cancerous tumors and phototherapy is reported. The Au NC has an intrinsic photothermal conversion efficiency of 38.5% and offers a tumor-specific targeted computed tomographic and photoacoustic imaging system. Furthermore, when treated with nontoxic Au NC-Ce6, cancer cells and tumors are obliterated with low doses of irradiation and safe power levels, with both photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic effects, in vitro and vivo. These data provide a solid foundation for the clinical application of Au NC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xianshuihe fault (XSHF) zone, characterized by intense tectonic activity, is located at the southwest boundary of the Bayan Har block, where several major earthquakes have occurred, including the 2008 Wenchuan and the 2013 Lushan earthquakes. This study analysed underground temperature sequence data for four years at seven measuring points at different depths (maximum depth: 18.9 m) in the southeastern section of the XSHF zone. High-frequency atmospheric noise was removed from the temperature sequences to obtain relatively stable temperature fields and heat fluxes near the measurement points. Our measurements show that the surrounding bedrock at (the seven stations distributed in the fault zone) had heat flux values range from −41.0 to 206 mW/m2, with a median value of 54.3 mW/m2. The results indicate a low heat flux in the northern section of Daofu-Kangting and a relatively high heat flux in the southern section of Kangting, which is consistent with the temperature distributions of the hot springs near the fault. Furthermore, our results suggest that the heat transfer in this field results primarily from stable underground heat conduction. In addition, the underground hydrothermal activity is also an obvious factor controlling the geothermal gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A DNA-driven gold (Au) heterodimer for intracellular telomerase detection is fabricated. The highly biocompatible and intracellularly stable probe shows an active chiroptical property in the visible region, due to the scissor-like configuration formed by prolate nanoparticles. Importantly, the telomerase activity is specifically quantified using circular dichroism intensity in situ after internalization of the heterodimer into cancer cells. Moreover, the results clearly illustrate that this method has a remarkable linear range from 0.8 × 10−12 to 32 × 10−12 IU, and the limit of detection for telomerase activity is 1.7 × 10−15 IU in a single HeLa cell. This strategy paves the way for chirality-based ultrasensitive detection of intracellular cancer markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in food samples can cause severe gastroenteritis even at low doses. Detection of SEs with a single assay would not only improve reliability and portability, but would also save time. In this paper, for the first time, a multiplexed gold-nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic (ICT) strip that allows the simultaneous detection of the five main SEs has been reported: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. Based on the sandwich immunoassay of each SE, a multiplexed ICT strip with five test lines is developed. Sensitive and specific paired monoclonal antibodies facilitate the detection, allowing for high sensitivity and good specificity. The portable biosensor platform can simultaneously detect SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE at concentrations as low as 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 1, and 5 ng mL−1, respectively. The entire test can be performed within 15 min and requires no sophisticated instruments except a portable strip reader. To evaluate the multiplexed strip, naturally SEA and SEC contaminated milk samples and pure milk samples spiked with the five SEs are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND A major cost in acid-catalysed hydrolysis of biomass to fermentable sugars is the consumption of acid itself. In this study, a combined process was developed in which the acid and sugar in the hydrolysate were separated using an acid retardation process and then the dilute aqueous product streams were concentrated using a continuous-effect membrane distillation ( CEMD) process, thus acid could be reused as catalyst. RESULTS The recovery rate of sugar was as high as 94.3-99.2% while the recovery rate of sulfuric acid was 92.4-98.9%. The eluents were further concentrated using the CEMD process. When a solution of 2 wt% sulfuric acid was concentrated to c. 40 wt%, the maximum value of permeation flux ( Jw) and gained output ratio ( GOR) was 6.20 L m−2 h−1 and 15.50, respectively. Meanwhile, the dilute aqueous sugar solution obtained from corn stover was concentrated 20-fold to a final concentration of c. 497.6 g L−1 using the CEMD process with a final GOR of 5.5. CONCLUSION The combination of acid retardation and CEMD is suitable for the production of sugar, further purification and concentration of eluents; the sugar solution can be used for fermentation and acid solution can be reused as catalyst. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Rapid and sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ic-ELISA) and gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip tests were developed to detect thiamphenicol (TAP), florfenicol (FF) and chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk and honey samples. The generic monoclonal antibody for TAP, FF and CAP was prepared based on a hapten [ D-threo-1-(4-aminophenyl)-2- dichloroacetylamino-1,3-propanediol], and the haptenwas linked to a carrier protein using the diazotization method. After the optimization of several parameters (coating, pH, sodium chloride content and methanol content), the ic-ELISA was established. The quantitative working range for TAP was 0.11-1.36 ng/mL, with an IC50 of 0.39 ng/mL. The optimized ELISA showed cross-reactivity to CAP (300%) and FF (15.6%), with IC50 values of 0.13 and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively. The analytical recovery of TAP, FF and CAP in milk and honey samples in the ic-ELISA ranged from 81.2 to 112.9%. Based on this monoclonal antibody, a rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic test strip was also developed. This strip had a detection limit of 1 ng/mL for TAP, FF and CAP in milk and honey samples. Moreover, the test was completed within 10 min. Our results showed that the proposed ic-ELISA and immunochromatographic test strip method are highly useful screening tools for TAP, FF and CAP detection in milk and honey samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong plasmonic chiroptical activities of gold core-DNA-silver shell nanoparticles (NPs) are reported for the first time, using cytosine-rich single-stranded DNA as the template for the guidance of silver shell growth. The anisotropy factor of the optically active NPs at 420 nm reaches 1.93 × 10−2. Their chiroptical properties are likely induced by the DNA-plasmon interaction and markedly amplified by the strong electromagnetic coupling between the gold core and silver shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody was established to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in tea. The antibody was prepared from a hybridoma derived by fusing Sp2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells and immunised spleen B cells. The effects from pH, ionic strength, and organic solvents on immunoassay were optimised and the 50% inhibition (IC50) value was 0.057 ± 0.007 ng mL−1. Spiked black and green tea samples at 10, 20 and 50 ng g−1 levels of AFB1 were detected with this proposed ELISA. The recoveries for black tea samples ranged from 68.5% to 117.7% and 73.5 to 114.3% for green tea samples. This immunoassay showed no cross-reactions with other mycotoxin family but good recognition with related aflatoxins. These results indicate that the ELISA assay could be used as a screening method for aflatoxin detection in tea samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continuous-effect membrane distillation (CEMD) process was developed by equipping air gap membrane distillation (AGMD)-based and strictly-parallel hollow fiber module with internal heat recovery. Its performance was indicated by flux, performance ratio and evaporation efficiency. Two kinds of CEMD modules made from different membrane fibers were tested. A face-centered central composite experimental design was conducted to investigate the influences of operating variables including cold-feed temperature, hot-feed temperature, and feed-in flow rate on the performance. Within the studied experimental range, the maximum PR of 13.8 was obtained. A theoretical model based on governing transport equations was established to predict the process performance, and the model described the experimental data fairly well. In light of the model, possible ways to further increase PR were predicted. The dilute aqueous sugar solution was successfully concentrated 12-fold to a final concentration of about 20 wt % by using CEMD process with a final PR of 8.2. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1278-1297, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid and simple method was established based on gold nanoparticle-labelled monoclonal antibody probes for the detection of melamine pollution in raw milk. The conditions for conjugation between the antibody and gold nanoparticles were optimised (pH 8.0, antibody concentration 5 μg mL−1). It gives a single proportional to melamine concentration with a performance time of only 3 min. A practical calibration curve was established with a reader system with limit of detection calculated as 4.47 and 8.34 μg L−1 with naked eyes. Three structural analogues, atrazine, desethyl-desisopropyl-atrazine and cyromazine, were used to test the specificity of the immunochromatographic strip, and small colour changes on the strip test line were found even at the 500 ng mL−1 spiked level. Fifty raw milk samples were detected with this strip method, and the resulting data coincided well with results from gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The above-mentioned results showed that this test strip can be used for melamine screening in the daily monitoring of milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lateral flow strip test for 19-nortestosterone is one kind of immunochromatographic assay. Nitrocellulose membrane was separately immobilized with goat anti-rabbit IgG (control line) and 19-NT-OVA conjugate (test line). Anti-19-NT polyclonal antibody labeled with colloidal gold particles acted as the detector reagent. The assay is qualitatively, not quantitatively, judged with positive or negative result. We tested the sensitivity of the strip using spiked swine urine, and each specimen was independently measured by LC/MS/MS. The sensitivity, measure by eye, was determined to be 200 ng/mL. The assay time was less than 15 min, and so suitable for on-site rapid test. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of the diethylstilbesterol (DES). Polyclonal rabbit antisera, raised against protein conjugate diethylstilbesterol-mono-caroxyl-propyl-ethyl-bovine-serum-albumin (DES-MCPE-BSA), were utilized in immobilized antibody-based and competitive immunoassays. Assay conditions, including concentrations of antisera and horseradish peroxidase, (HRP)-DES, were optimized. The effects of incubation time, surfactant concentration, ionic strength and pH of the medium were also investigated. The typical calibration curve gave an average IC50 value of 2.4 ng/mL, calibration range from 0.2 to 30.5 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.07 ng/mL. The specificity of the assay was tested against DES structurally related compounds, and the assay proved highly selective for DES. Assay performance was validated using spiked chicken meat and liver tissue samples. Moreover, it was compared with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The ion pair for quantification of DES was m/z 267.4/251.4, and the linear equation of DES was y = 0.1033 x + 0.0126 ( r = 0.9960). The two analytical methods can be applied to monitor DES and other steroid residues in foods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extrusion tests were conducted on recycled coarse aggregate concrete with circular steel tubes (RCCST, 100% replacement of recycled coarse aggregate) to investigate the impact of freeze–thaw cycles on bond properties. RCCST samples were subjected to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 freeze–thaw cycles and their bond properties were then compared with those of natural coarse aggregate concrete with circular steel tubes (NCCST) after 0, 100 and 150 freeze–thaw cycles. The experimental results indicate that freeze–thaw cycling damages the internal structure of RCCST, causing a significant decrease in interfacial bond strength with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles. Freeze–thaw RCCST exhibits lower peak load and higher peak slip compared to NCCST, with increases of 25.2%, 73.2%, and 70.3% after 0, 100, and 150 freeze–thaw cycles, respectively. Regression analysis was used to derive an exponential equation that describes the relationship between longitudinal strain and strain gauge position. Additionally, a segmented fitting method was employed to obtain an expression for the bond slip of the freeze–thaw RCCST with a circular steel pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of triboelectric polymers relies on their molecular structure. Therefore, investigating how to construct high‐performance molecular structures of triboelectric polymers becomes imperative, yet the relationship between microscopic structural parameters and triboelectric performance remains unclear. In this study, the relationship is studied between dihedral angles of adjacent conjugated planes and triboelectric performance. Various polyimide monomers are synthesized to manipulate the conjugated dihedral angles within the molecular chains. Introducing larger dihedral angles in polyimides (PIs) reduces the conjugation between molecular chains, suppressing the formation of charge transfer complexes (CTCs), and widening the energy gap between molecular orbitals. With the increase in dihedral angles, the output performance improved by 100%. The surface charge density of 335 µC·m−2 is achieved through the synergistic effect of the high charge retention capability of the PI film and the high triboelectric properties of the corona‐polarized fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). A large dihedral angle can form numerous deep traps and effectively prevent charge escaping while ensuring stable output. This study provides a feasible strategy for investigating the construction of high triboelectric performance molecular structures, enriching the understanding of how molecular structures influence the triboelectric properties of polymer materials and promote high‐performance fluorine‐free and environmentally friendly polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a carboxyl group was introduced into the isoprocarb molecule to obtain an isoprocarb hapten, which was then coupled with a protein to obtain an artificial antigen. Three monoclonal antibody cell lines, 1D11, 6E6 and 1B5, were finally obtained by mouse immunization, cell fusion and subcloning, and the antibody produced by cell line 1B5 had the best affinity and sensitivity. The monoclonal antibody was highly sensitive and specific for isoprocarb, with an IC50 of 2.09 ng/ml and a cross‐reactivity rate of <0.21%. By optimizing the indirect competitive (ic)‐ELISA, the optimal conditions were determined to be pH 7.4, 0% methanol and 0.8% NaCl, the limit of detection value was 0.23 ng/ml, and the linear range of the ic‐ELISA was 0.46–9.62 ng/ml. The recovery rate of the isoprocarb cucumber sample was 97–99% for the ic‐ELISA method. In addition, we successfully developed an immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of isoprocarb residues. The cutoff values in phosphate‐buffered saline and cucumber extract were 10 and 25 ng/ml, respectively. Both methods met the requirements for isoprocarb residue detection in agricultural products, and can be used for semiquantitative and qualitative analysis of isoprocarb in vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H. Kuang and team develop Au core‐DNA‐Ag shell nanoparticles (NPs) with distinctive chiroplasmonic performances for the first time on page 850. The NPs exhibit very intense CD activities with the highest g‐factor value. The CD responses of the individual NPs can be controllably manipulated by altering the Ag shell thickness. The optically active NPs open up avenues for chiral catalysis and chirophotonic devices applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]