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Dezhou donkey is one of the representative local breeds in China, which is mainly divided into two strains: Sanfen and Wutou. There are obvious differences in coat color between the two strains. The former shows light points around the eyes, around the muzzle and under the belly, while the latter is completely solid black. In this study, genome‐wide association analysis was performed for the differences in coat color traits between the Sanfen (n = 97) and Wutou (n = 108) strains using a novel donkey 40K liquid chip developed based on GenoBaits technology, to identify genomic regions and causal genes that could explain this variation. We also used FST and The cross‐population composite likelihood ratio test (XPCLR) analyses to explore selected regions related to coat color differences. We identified one significant region on chromosome 15, with the most significant SNP located within the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) gene. At the same time, both FST and XPCLR methods detected the same selected region on chromosome 15, and ASIP was the gene with the strongest signal. ASIP and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) control the ratio of eumelanin to pheomelanin through their protein activity. They are deeply involved in the process of melanosome organation and melanogenesis, thus affecting mammals' coat color variation. We used a range of genome‐wide approach to identify the genetic basis of coat color variation in Dezhou donkeys. The results provide a supplement to the color variation study in Chinese donkeys at the genome‐wide level, and preliminarily verified the reliability of the Molbreeding Donkey No. 1 40K liquid chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have wide applications, and guest/host doping is an important method to achieve RTP. Although weak host–guest interactions (such as hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking) are considered to play a key role in inducing RTP in most doped systems (DSs), stronger and facile coordination bonds can achieve RTP more effectively and are believed to do so in DSs in related research. However, there is a lack of solid experimental evidence. Herein a new stable ligand‐modified lead halide (PCB) is synthesized and used as matrix to prepare RTP NA/PCB DSs with naphthalene derivatives (NA) as guests. Remarkably, a coordination bond between host and guest is experimentally demonstrated and revealed to play a decisive role in the generation of efficient RTP. On this basis, a coordination‐driven doping strategy is proposed to achieve efficient, multicolored, and long‐lived RTP of the DSs. In addition, NA/PCB shows excellent RTP stability and can be used in advanced security encryption, white light emitting diodes, and phosphorescent temperature sensors. This work not only proves the important role of coordination bonds in the RTP DSs, but also shows the potential of the ligand‐modified lead halide matrix as the host material of RTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eucommiae Folium (Duzhongye) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of use in China. However, its quality‐marker in Chinese Pharmacopoeia is poorly defined nowadays. The study, therefore, conducted an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole‐orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry analysis to obtain accurate data. The obtained data were then compared with the authentic standards library using Xcalibur 4.1 software package and TraceFinder General Quan. Through the comparison, the study has putatively identified 26 bioactive compounds, which include 17 flavonoid derivatives (catechin, quercetin 3‐gentiobioside, quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucose‐7‐O‐β‐D‐gentiobioside, taxifolin, myricetin 3‐O‐galactoside, myricitrin, hyperoside, rutin, isoquercitrin, quercetin 3‐O‐β‐xylopyranoside, quercitrin, isorhamnetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, S‐eriodictyol, S‐naringenin, and phloridzin), four caffeoylquinic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and isochlorogenic acid C), two alkaloids (vincamine and jervine), one lignan (pinoresinol), one xanthone (cowaxanthone B), and one steroid (cholesteryl acetate). Of these, flavonoid isoquercitrin is recommended as the new and additional pharmacopeia quality‐marker candidate, which can not only overcome the unreliability of old quality‐marker but also recognize the possible counterfeit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two skeleton isomers, [CaL(H2O)(DMF)2]•DMF (1) (H2L=5‐(1,3‐dioxo‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinolin‐2(3H)‐yl)isophthalic acid) with a 1 dimensional chain structure and [CaL(DMF)1.72]• (DMF)0.28 (2) with a 2 dimensional layer structure were synthesized. Mechanochromic luminescence studies reveal that 1 and 2 exhibit luminescent red‐shift and blue‐shift respectively under grinding stimuli. The different influence of grinding stimuli on the π⋅⋅⋅π interaction in the two structures are proposed to be the main reason for such different responses. In addition, 1 has a rare broad sensing ability for halogenated hydrocarbons and can distinguish seven halogenated hydrocarbons out of 17 solvents. 1 can also be used for rapid detection of trace water in DMF with a calculated detection limit of 0.0078 v/v %. The relevant recognition mechanism is the decomposition of the structure during the recognition process due to the water instability of the ionic bond. The above results reveal that both compounds have the potential to be used as multi‐stimulus‐responsive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eldecalcitol is a novel active vitamin D3 1,25(OH)2D3 derivative used in the treatment of osteoporosis. To investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalent profiles of two eldecalcitol soft capsule formulations at a single dose of 0.75 µg in healthy Chinese volunteers, we conducted a randomized single‐dose, open‐label, two‐period crossover study under fasting and fed conditions. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive reference eldecalcitol soft capsules or test capsules in the first treatment period and to receive another formulation in the second period. Serial blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Adverse events were recorded. In total, 28 healthy subjects were enrolled in the fasting trial and 30 subjects were enrolled in the fed trial. The geometric mean ratios of the test formulation to the reference formulation for Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were 94.2%, 94.0%, and 103.3%, respectively, under fasting conditions and 100.1%, 97.3%, and 96.0%, respectively, under fed conditions. No severe adverse events were observed. The results showed that the test and reference eldecalcitol formulations were bioequivalent and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to analyze the main factors that have a significant impact on skin thickness, and to further identify the genes and signaling pathways regulating skin growth by RNA‐seq in Dezhou donkeys. Skin samples from different body regions of 15 slaughtered donkeys were obtained to study variations in skin thickness over the bodies. Skin thickness data for another 514 donkeys was obtained by minimally invasive skin sampling from the back, and measurements of the donkeys' body size traits and pedigree data were also collected. These data were used to analyze changes in skin thickness and estimate genetic parameters. In addition, transcriptomic analysis was conducted on the skin tissues of individuals from two groups with significant differences in skin thickness. Our results showed that skin thickness over the bodies ranged from 1.08 to 4.36 mm. The skin from the back was the thickest and had the highest correlation with that of other regions of the body. The skin thickness decreased from the back to the side of the ventral abdomen, and the skin thickness on the limbs increased from the proximal end to the distal end. The results also showed that the skin from the same body regions of jacks was thicker than that of jennies in the same age group. The skin thickness of jennies increased from birth to the age of 2 and then clearly decreased after 2 years of age. The estimated heritability of skin thickness was 0.15, and the genetic correlations between skin thickness and body size traits were negligible. Transcriptome analysis showed that the thick‐skin group had 65 up‐regulated genes and 38 down‐regulated genes compared with the thin‐skin group. The differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in epidermal development and cell adhesion molecule signaling pathways. We identified the candidate genes responsible for variations in skin thickness in the Dezhou donkey, including KRT10, KRT1, CLDN9, MHCII and MMP28. These results contribute to a better understanding of the growth and development of donkey skin, reveal the molecular mechanism responsible for donkey skin thickness and suggest directions for genetic selection in the Dezhou donkey population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rivaroxaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor used for the management of thromboembolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and bioequivalence of a generic and a branded rivaroxaban formulation (Xarelto) under fasted and fed conditions in healthy Chinese volunteers. An open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, 4‐period complete, and replicate crossover study in healthy Chinese volunteers was performed. A single oral dose of 20 mg of 2 rivaroxaban formulations was administered to 72 healthy volunteers, with 36 in the fasted group and 36 consuming a high‐fat diet. The evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters, including maximum rivaroxaban concentration, the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and AUC from time 0 to infinity, were assessed for BE. The plasma concentrations of rivaroxaban were measured by a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. The geometric mean ratios with 90% confidence intervals of the maximum rivaroxaban concentration, AUC from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were all within the range of 80% to 125% under fasted and fed conditions. The within‐subject variability of the test and reference products was compared, and the upper limit of the 90% confidence intervals for the test‐to‐reference ratio of the within‐subject variability was <2.5, which indicated that the rivaroxaban test and the rivaroxaban reference formulation were bioequivalent. No serious adverse events were reported during either fasted or fed conditions of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineralogical characteristics of underground coal gasification (UCG) residuals are closely related to the gasification conditions. The study of the mineral composition and transformation of ash and slag under different gasification conditions has important scientific significance for understanding the real gasification conditions, improving the utilization efficiency of coal, and identifying and controlling the environmental impact. In this paper, the sequential transformation of minerals under different temperature and atmosphere are studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and FactSage software, and the elemental composition of the surface of the UCG ash and slag is characterized by SEM‐EDX. The results show that the main minerals in the semicoke are quartz (SiO2), illite (K1.5Al4(Si6.5Al1.5)O20(OH)4), and sanidine (KAlSi3O8). In the 900–1300°C reduction, ash, quartz, sanidine, hercynite (FeAl2O4), anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and mullite (Al6Si2O13) are the main minerals. The minerals in the oxidation residuals (1100–1500°C) are quartz, anorthite, hematite (Fe2O3), hercynite, cordierite (Fe2Al4Si5O18), and cristobalite. The reaction temperature has a significant effect on the changes in mineralogy. The reaction temperature is low during the pyrolysis process, and most changes involve only structural changes. With the reaction temperature increases, a series of reactions occur between different minerals. The reaction atmosphere also has a significant effect on the mineralogy. The research on the transformation of minerals in UCG residues can indirectly reflect the actual process of UCG, which can provide suggestions for the stable operation of the UCG process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Transfusion of autologous late‐outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) is a promising treatment for restenosis after revascularization. Preparing cells by in vitro amplification is a key step to implement the therapy. This study aimed to demonstrate that bilobalide, a terpenoid, enhances the OEC amplification. Human‐, rabbit‐ and rat OECs and a mouse femoral artery injury model were used. Expanding OECs used endothelial growth medium‐2 as the standard culture medium while exploring the mechanisms used endothelial basal medium‐2. Proliferation assay used MTT method and BrdU method. Migration assay used the modified Boyden chamber. Intracellular nitric oxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical/peroxynitrite and H2O2 were quantified with DAF‐FM DA, dihydroethidium, hydroxyphenyl fluorescein and a H2O2 assay kit, respectively. Activated ERK1/2 and eNOS were tested with the Western blot. Bilobalide concentration‐dependently enhanced OEC number increase in vitro. Transfusion of bilobalide‐based human OECs into femoral injured athymia nude mouse reduced the intimal hyperplasia. Bilobalide promoted OEC proliferation and migration and increased the intracellular nitric oxide level. L‐NAME, a NOS inhibitor, inhibits but not abolishes OEC proliferation, migration and ERK1/2 activation. Bilobalide concentration‐dependently enhanced the eNOS Ser‐1177 phosphorylation and Thr‐495 dephosphorylation in activated OECs. Bilobalide alleviates the increase in hydroxyl radical/peroxynitrite, superoxide anion and H2O2 in proliferating OECs. In conclusion, nitric oxide plays a partial role in OEC proliferation and migration; bilobalide increases OEC nitric oxide production and decreases nitric oxide depletion, promoting the OEC number increase; Bilobalide‐based OECs are active in vivo. The findings may simplify the preparation of OECs, facilitating the implementation of the autologous‐OECs‐transfusion therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of domestic horses in China was a controversial issue and several hypotheses including autochthonous domestication, introduction from other areas, and multiple-origins from both introduction and local wild horse introgression have been proposed, but none of them have been fully supported by DNA data. In the present study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of 714 Chinese indigenous horses were analyzed. The results showed that Chinese domestic horses harbor some novel mtDNA haplogroups and suggested that local domestication events may have occurred, but they are not the dominant haplogroups and the geographical distributions of the novel mtDNA haplogroups were rather restricted. Conclusively, our results support the hypothesis that the domestic horses in China originated from both the introduced horses from outside of China and the local wild horses' introgression into the domestic populations. Results of genetic diversity analysis suggested a possibility that the introduced horses entered China through northern regions from the Eurasian steppe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescence metal–organic materials (MOMs) are widely used as probes for detection. However, most of such probes are based on fluorescence and work in either turn‐off or turn‐on mode. In contrast, long‐lived (>10 ms) probes (LLPs) with recovery response to analyte are quite rare. Herein “solvation complex” strategy is used to prepare two new afterglow complexes with multiple coordinated solvents, trans‐complex 1 with both delayed fluorescence (DF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and cis‐complex 2 with RTP. Remarkably, they can serve as selective and recovery LLPs for l‐Arginine detection, with limit of detection down to 1.0 × 10−7 M. In addition, heating/fumigation can induce reversible arousal/silence of their afterglow, while H2O/DMSO vapor fumigation causes reversible crystalline‐to‐crystalline transformation between them. Detailed mechanism studies reveal that the change in coordinated solvent, including loss/acquisition, exchange, or replacement, plays a key role in such afterglow multi‐stimuli‐responsive properties. This work not only shows the potential of such long‐lived luminescence complex for recovery detection, but also reveals the unique advantages of solvation complex in the preparation of afterglow multi‐stimuli‐responsive materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]