Search

A polyol bonding agent (BA) was utilized to enhance the mechanical properties of propellant with low aluminum content. Through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, it was discovered that BA can physically bond to the surfaces of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hexogen (RDX). The results of mechanical testing showed that the use of BA can significantly improve the mechanical properties of propellants. Specifically, as the amount of BA increases, the maximum tensile strength (σm) of the propellant also increases, the fracture elongation (εb) initially increases and then decreases, the "dewetting ratio" continuously decreases, and the creep resistance of the propellant also increases. At a BA content of 0.2%, the σm of the propellant reaches 0.6 MPa, the εb exceeds 50%, and the "dewetting ratio" is less than 1.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting is of great significance for realizing sustainable energy conversion. In this work, Ru sub‐nanoclusters anchored on cobalt‐nickel bimetallic phosphides (Ru‐CoP/Ni2P) are constructed by an interfacial confinement strategy. Remarkably, Ru‐CoP/Ni2P with low noble metal loading (33.1 µg cm−2) shows superior activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in all pH values, whose turnover frequency (TOF) is 8.7, 15.3, and 124.7 times higher than that of Pt/C in acidic, alkaline, and neutral conditions, respectively. Meanwhile, it only requires the overpotential of 171 mV@10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and corresponding TOF is 20.3 times higher than that of RuO2. More importantly, the Ru‐CoP/Ni2P||Ru‐CoP/Ni2P displays superior mass activity of 4017 mA mgnoble metal−1 at 2.0 V in flowing alkaline water electrolyzer, which is 105.1 times higher than that of Pt/C||IrO2. In situ Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that the Ru sites in Ru‐CoP/Ni2P play a key role for water splitting and follow the adsorption evolution mechanism toward OER. Further mechanism studies disclose the confined Ru atom contributes to the desorption of H2 during HER and the formation of O‐O bond during OER, leading to fast reaction kinetics. This study emphasizes the importance of interface confinement for enhancing electrocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: During the past decade, the progressive collapse of structures has received growing attention, and the study of member importance is a key step for investigating the progressive collapse resistance. However, traditional methods for evaluating the member importance usually employ a single indicator, and when multiple indicators are involved, different indicators may generate different member rankings. Moreover, the truss string structure is a multiple super‐stationary structure with many members, and the current studies mainly focus on cable failure, which does not mean that other members are not important. In this study, the initial selection of important members is first performed based on concept evaluation, and then, the alternate path method is used to analyze the progressive collapse resistance of truss string structures; the slope degradation coefficient γ of incremental dynamic analysis curve, load capacity degradation coefficient β, and nested load capacity degradation coefficient β′ are introduced; and the sensitivity coefficient SIj and fragility coefficient VIi are defined with axial force as the structural response. Based on the above five indicators, two cases are conducted to evaluate the member importance. The analysis results show that the cable and the bottom chord member at the support are evaluated as the first‐level important members. Through the analysis of different indicators, it is found that the regularity of the coefficient of each member is inconsistent for different indicators. The results could be one‐sided if the important members were evaluated by a single indicator only. In addition, the second‐level important members of truss string structures are evaluated by multi‐indicator analysis. Finally, the nominal progressive collapse resistance of truss string structures is given based on the importance coefficient of the first‐ and second‐level important members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apoptosis triggers immunoregulation to prevent and suppress inflammation and autoimmunity. However, the mechanism by which apoptotic cells modulate immune responses remains largely elusive. In the context of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation, long‐term immunoregulation is observed in the host despite the short survive of the injected MSCs. In this study, utilizing a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI), we demonstrate that apoptotic bodies (ABs) released by transplanted human umbilical cord MSCs (UC‐MSCs) convert the macrophages from a pro‐inflammatory to an anti‐inflammatory state, thereby ameliorating the disease. Mechanistically, we identify the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) on the membrane of UC‐MSCs‐derived ABs, which interacts with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) on host macrophages. This interaction leads to the reprogramming of macrophage metabolism, shifting from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via the Erk‐dependent pathway in ALI. Importantly, we have reproduced the PDL1–PD1 effects of ABs on metabolic switch using alveolar macrophages from patients with ALI, suggesting the potential clinical implications of developing therapeutic strategies for the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum metal batteries are considered to be promising secondary batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, metallic aluminum suffers from corrosion, pulverization, and crushing problems in nonaqueous electrolytes. Constructing a solid‐electrolyte interphase layer on the anode electrode has been confirmed to be the key to improving the cycling performance of rechargeable batteries. Herein, we demonstrate an Al metal anode with a physical protective layer achieved by a simple blade coating method. This modified Al metal anode demonstrates ultra‐low voltage hysteresis (~25 mV at 0.1 mA cm−2 and ~30 mV at 1 mA cm−2), and superior stability (630 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 and 580 h at 1 mA cm−2). When coupling this anode with flake graphite cathode, the assembled full cells exhibit superior cycling stability (92 mAh g−1 maintained after 740 cycles at 0.1 A g−1). The current work presents a promising approach to stabilize Al metal anodes for next‐generation rechargeable aluminum batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing efficient and stable catalysts is the key to achieving green hydrogen production through electrolysis of water. Atomically dispersed catalysts have received widespread attention due to their high atomic utilization and catalytic efficiency. Herein, Pt1Mo1 dual‐atom catalysts anchored on the nickel selenide nanoisland (Pt1Mo1/Ni3Se2) are prepared by a two‐step method. It only needs 53 mV to deliver the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH media, and the mass activity at 200 mV is approximately 4.13 times higher than that of Pt/C. In addition, the Pt1Mo1/Ni3Se2 also exhibits electrochemical stability of nearly 60 h at 20 mA cm−2. It is shown in the studies that the synergistic effect between Pt and Mo atoms enables the migration of electrons around Mo atoms toward Pt, thus realizing charge redistribution. Further density functional theory calculations verify that synergistic effect of Pt and Mo atoms could optimize the adsorption of H*, enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction activity. Moreover, the Ni3Se2 nanoisland prevents the aggregation of Pt and Mo dual atom, effectively improving the stability of the catalyst. In this work, a nanoisland confined strategy is provided to construct atomically dispersed catalysts with high activity and stability for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polydopamine (PDA) has been widely used in the field of energetic materials; however, there are few reports on the ammonium perchlorate (AP) coating of PDA. In this article, to improve the mechanical properties of the GAP‐ETPE‐based propellant, a two‐step method was used to coat the AP with PDA and used in glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) based propellant. SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS were used to analyze the morphology and composition of PDA@AP, while contact angle testing and calculation were performed to measure the wettability and surface energy of both PDA@AP and GAP‐ETPE. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of the propellant were measured. The results showed that the PDA@AP composite particles were successfully prepared. The crystal form remained unchanged during the preparation process. The wettability of PDA on AP was improved through the coating of PDA, leading to an increase in the surface energy of AP and enhancing the adhesion between AP and GAP. Mechanical performance testing shows that using PDA@AP in propellants increased the tensile strength of the propellant from 1.2 to 1.8 MPa, while the elongation at break decreased from 208% to 155%. The "dewetting ratio" has also decreased from 2.88 to below 2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum (Al) is an ideal anode material in low‐cost battery system for energy storage, with high theoretical capacities. However, the sluggish Al3+‐involved kinetics challenges the selection of common cathode materials (Al3+ intercalation or conversion). Herein, a redox‐active Fe–Cl complex serves as the liquid‐state cathode to couple with a low‐cost Al anode, which synergizes the advantages of redox flow batteries and Al rechargeable batteries. The interplay of Fe‐Cl coordinated formula and electrochemical properties are revealed for the first time. It is found that [Fe2Cl7]− molecule has a high voltage versus Al anode (1.3 V), and the novel Fe‐Al hybrid battery fulfills a capacity of 1.6 mAh cm−2 (20 Ah L−1) record high in a coin cell among Al‐based batteries. Furthermore, the energy efficiency, which is a vital parameter to evaluate the energy cost of the energy storage technology, reaches 85% (superior to most Al‐based batteries) and an average of 70% over ≈900 h cycling. Particularly, the unique air‐stable character enables normal operation of the battery assembled in ambient air. This work establishes a new application scenario for Al anode toward low‐cost large‐scale energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmentally sustainable agricultural development is an essential part of the Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations in 2015. This article systematically reviews studies on the role of farmer cooperatives in promoting environmentally sustainable agricultural development and uses China as a case study to analyze the measures and function mechanisms of farmer cooperatives in promoting the adoption and scaling of sustainable farming practices by farmers. Farmer cooperatives in China influence farmers' farming practices and benefits by not only serving farmers with various information and technologies but also supervising farmers' production processes. Nevertheless, farmer cooperatives, both in general and in China in particular, face challenges in effectively promoting the adoption of environmentally sustainable farming practices. A few policy implications are proposed based on these analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting CO2 into high value‐added chemicals by renewable energy directly alleviates the problem of resource shortages, while also reduces the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Among various CO2 reduction methods, CO2 electroreduction has attracted much attention because of its moderate operating conditions and a green and easy‐to‐scale strategy. In this work, the four catalyst enhancement mechanisms: synergistic effect, strain effect, ligand effect, and defect effect are briefly described. Then, the catalytic mechanisms of the C2 products are fully expounded, depending on the number of transferred electrons during the CO2 reduction process. In addition, the membrane electrode is also introduced from the three aspects of ion exchange membrane, catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layer. Finally, the developing direction of CO2 reduction reaction is proposed. This work provides an essential guide for design and preparation of CO2 electroreduction catalysts and fully summarized the intrinsic catalysis mechanism, which is beneficial to the development of CO2 conversion in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the energetic thermoplastic polymers were synthesized with different ratios of energetic prepolymer glycidyl azide (GAP) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and used as the binder to prepare fuel‐rich propellants based on Al−Mg. The results showed that energetic thermoplastic polymer enabled the fuel‐rich propellant a faster flame spread, greater flame strength, and a stronger injection effect of metal droplets. The weight loss (Δm) of the propellants increased with GAP content, while the weight loss rate (Dmax) increased similarly. The Δm increased from 7.92 % to 9.86 % and Dmax from −0.23 % ⋅ °C−1 to −0.35 % ⋅ °C−1 in the range 100–256.5 °C. The propellant with the highest GAP content (85GAP‐Prop) had the lowest apparent activation energy (150.77 kJ ⋅ mol−1). The average pressure rate of 85GAP‐Prop burning in a closed bomb reached 7.67 MPa ⋅ s−1 and the maximum instantaneous pressure rate could reach 16.52 MPa ⋅ s−1, significantly higher than the other propellants. The combustion products analysis indicated that the higher GAP content in the GAP‐IPDI energetic thermoplastic polymer more significantly reduced the agglomeration of Al particles and improved the loosening of the combustion products. The rapid combustion gas generation characteristic and energy release of energetic thermoplastic polymer enhanced the combustion characteristics of the fuel‐rich propellant based on Al−Mg, which promoted dispersion level between the metal droplets. This work provides insight into the combustion principles and performance improvements of fuel‐rich propellant based on Al−Mg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better satisfy the increasing demands for electric vehicles, it is crucial to develop fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the fast‐charging capability of commercial graphite anodes is limited by the sluggish Li+ insertion kinetics. Herein, we report a synergistic engineering of uniform nano‐sized T‐Nb2O5 particles on graphite (Gr@Nb2O5) with C−O−Nb heterointerfaces, which prevents the growth and aggregation of T‐Nb2O5 nanoparticles. Through detailed theoretical calculations and pair distribution function analysis, the stable existence of the heterointerfaces is proved, which can accelerate the electron/ion transport. These heterointerfaces endow Gr@Nb2O5 anodes with high ionic conductivity and excellent structural stability. Consequently, Gr@10‐Nb2O5 anode, where the mass ratio of T‐Nb2O5/graphite=10/100, exhibits excellent cyclic stability and incredible rate capabilities, with 100.5 mAh g−1 after 10000 stable cycles at an ultrahigh rate of 20 C. In addition, the synergistic Li+ storage mechanism is revealed by systematic electrochemical characterizations and in situ X‐ray diffraction. This work offers new insights to the reasonable design of fast‐charging graphite‐based anodes for the next generation of LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, creep tests were carried out on HTPE/AP/Al/RDX propellant specimens to investigate the effects of stress level and temperature on their creep behavior and to investigate the creep mechanism. Higher stresses and temperature can cause greater creep strain in the propellant, ultimately leading to its destruction. On this basis, the creep master curve was further obtained based on the Time‐Temperature Superposition Principle (TTSP), extending the creep investigation time range to 1010 s. Based on previous experience, some explorations have been made on constitutive equations. The burgers model fits the creep behavior under different conditions more closely, while the Norton model has higher stress sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of climate change, research on frozen soils has attracted much attention in recent years, and numerous research papers have been published on these topics in the last decade. However, the present status and developmental trends in frozen soils research have not been reported systematically. Herein, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using 7,108 research papers on frozen soils published between 2010 and 2019. The results indicate that: (a) although the number of articles published increased from 432 in 2010 to 1,066 in 2019, the average number of citations per paper reached a maximum of 5.40 in 2014, and subsequently decreased to 2.99 in 2019; (b) China, the USA, and Canada ranked first to third in terms of total papers; (c) the most popular author keywords were boreal, tundra, Landsat, lakes, decomposition, dissolved organic carbon, permafrost thaw, and carbon cycle; and (d) the five most popular research topics in 2010–2019 were the characteristics and factors influencing frozen soils, the Arctic carbon cycle under the background of its complex environment, permafrost changes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in the context of climate change, ancient frozen soils in various historical periods, and frozen soils in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the flame retardant efficiency and smoke‐suppression of piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate (PPAP/MCA) in PP, the synergism of ZnO and PPAP/MCA was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) determination, UL‐94 test, and cone calorimetry test (CCT). It is found that ZnO performs an exceptional synergism in flame retardant effect and inhibition on the flame propagation. Besides, ZnO can significantly inhibit the production of the smoke and CO. The TGA of the PP composites, the component and structure analysis of the heated composites and CCT residues reveal that ZnO performs the synergism primarily by the following modes: ZnO promotes obviously the charring of the composite, and improves the thermal stability as well as the strength of the intumescent layer, which brings about an improved flame retardant property and inhibiting ability on the flame propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM. Previous studies have provided insights into complex immune system changes caused by ischemic stroke (IS), while detailed reports are lacking especially in peripheral blood. Here, we sought to identify genetic biomarkers in immune system which significantly associated with the occurrence of IS and explore candidate drugs that can regulate the process. We also investigated whether gene expression alternation of immune genes contributed to differential distribution of immune cells in peripheral blood following IS. Method. 108 IS samples and 47 matched controls were obtained from the GEO database. Immune-related genes (IRGs) and their associated drugs were collected from the ImmPort and PharmGBK databases, respectively. Random forest (RF) regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression were applied to identify immune-related genetic biomarkers (IRGBs) of IS, and accuracy was verified using neural network models. Finally, proportion changes of various immune cells in peripheral blood of IS patients were evaluated using CIBERSORT and xCell and correlation analyses were performed between IRGBs and differentially distributed immune cells. Results. A total of 537 genes were differentially expressed between IS and control samples. Four immune-related differential expressed genes identified by regression analysis presented strong predictive power (AUC = 0.909) which we suggeseted them as immune-related genetic biomarkers (IRGBs). We also demonstrated six immune-related genes targeted by known drugs. In addition, post-IS immune system presented an increase in the proportion of innate immune cells and a decrease in adaptive immune cells in the peripheral circulation, and IRGBs showing significance were associated with this process.Conclusion. The study identified CARD11, ICAM2, VIM, and CD19 as immune-related genetic biomarkers of IS. Six immune-related DEGs targeted by known drugs were found and provide new candidate drug targets for modulating the post-IS immune system. The innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells are diversified in the post-IS immune system, and IRGBs might play important role during this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile method to synthesis of CaWO4:Ln3+ nanocrystals and transparent CaWO4:Ln3+/polystyrene (PS) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) copolymer films with outstanding luminescent property and high transparency is proposed. The average diameter of CaWO4:Ln3+ nanorods is 3.3 ± 3 nm, and the average length is 40.3 ± 20 nm. The as‐prepared CaWO4:Ln3+/PS or PMMA copolymer films with high solids loading (>5 vol%) exhibit excellent near‐ultraviolet absorption and outstanding visible transparency under the naked eye. The experiment results about the relationship between the solids loading and the film transparency are compared and analyzed. These optical results suggest that our nanorod has a versatile strategy for producing highly transparent functional luminescent composites, which indicates the promising applications in the field of optoelectronics in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the subspace trail of Midori-64 and uses the propagation law and mutual relationship of the subspaces of Midori-64 to provide a 6-round Midori-64 subspace trail-based impossible differential key recovery attack. The data complexity of the attack is 2 54.6 chosen plaintexts, and the computational complexity is 2 58.2 lookup operations. Its overall complexity is less than that of the known 6-round truncated impossible differential distinguisher. This distinguisher is also applicable to Midori-128 with a secret S -box. Additionally, utilizing the properties of subspaces, we prove that a subspace trail-based impossible differential distinguisher of Midori-64 contains at most 7 rounds. This is 1 more than the upper bound of Midori-64's truncated impossible differential distinguisher which is 6. According to the Hamming weights of the starting and ending subspaces, we classify all 7-round Midori-64 subspace trail-based impossible differential distinguishers into two types and they need 2 59.6 and 2 51.4 chosen plaintexts, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen (H2), derived from electrochemical water splitting, is usually believed to be a promising alternative for fossil energy due to its environmentally friendly and renewable traits. At present, IrO2 and Pt/C are regarded as the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively, but their poor durability and high cost severely impede the wide applications. Thus, constructing highly active, stable, and low‐cost electrocatalysts for OER and HER is significantly important. Herein, the synthesis methods, construction of active sites, and catalytic coupling mechanisms for water splitting are fully summarized. In particular, the alloy effect, interface effect, various defects, and doping effects in electrocatalysts are the main reasons to improve the intrinsic catalytic activities. Finally, the future development trend of electrochemical catalysts for water splitting is prospected in the conclusion. It is believed that a comprehensive understanding of materials design strategies is provided, which is beneficial to the development of water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the potential applications in optoelectronic memories, optical control of ferroelectric domain walls has emerged as an intriguing and important topic in modern solid‐state physics. However, its device implementation in a single ferroelectric, such as conventional BaTiO3 or PZT ceramics, still presents huge challenges in terms of the poor material conductivity and the energy mismatch between incident photons and ferroelectric switching. Here, using the generation of photocurrent in conductive α‐In2Se3 (a van der Waals ferroelectric) with a two‐terminal planar architecture, the first demonstration of optical‐engineered ferroelectric domain wall in a non‐volatile manner for optoelectronic memory application is reported. The α‐In2Se3 device exhibits a large optical‐writing and electrical‐erasing (on/off) ratio of >104, as well as multilevel current switching upon optical excitation. The narrow direct bandgap of the multilayer α‐In2Se3 ferroelectric endows the device with broadband optical‐writing wavelengths greater than 900 nm. In addition, photonic synapses with approximate linear weight updates for neuromorphic computing are also achieved in the ferroelectric devices. This work represents a breakthrough toward technological applications of ferroelectric nanodomain engineering by light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, the mold and resin are heated to promote resin flow and shorten curing period in order to improve manufacturing efficiency of resin transfer molding (RTM). This nonisothermal manufacturing process easily generates three‐dimensional thermal gradients in the direction of resin flow and thickness of composite part. However, the existing heating systems only consider the thermal gradients along thickness direction. The thermal gradients in direction of resin flow cannot be reduced which will lead to residual stress even deformation and cracking in composite part. This article aims at reducing the three‐dimensional thermal gradients in the direction of resin flow and thickness of composite part. Based on the theory of energy and fluid flow, an optimization method of heating system design by using numerical simulation is proposed. The results show this method reduces the three‐dimensional thermal gradients effectively in composite part manufactured by RTM process. This study can provide powerful tools for heating system design to manufacture composites products in polymer industry. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48948. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Darboux‐dressing transformation, the new localized wave solutions of the coupled Hirota systems are constructed with a detailed derivation. Furthermore, by using Taylor series expansions for the trigonometric and exponential functions of our obtained exact breather solution, the N‐order rogue wave solutions are also expressed explicitly. Besides, the dynamics of these rogue wave solutions are illustrated with some vivid graphics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: As an oil production byproducts, the shell of Camellia oleifera Abel (SC) is usually discarded in the dump. However, previous investigations suggested that the SC could provide valuable bioactive materials. Objective: The objectives of this study were to examine the ability of SC extract to inhibit in vitro tyrosinase activity and the melanin inhibition effects of cosmetic formulations containing SC 1,3‐butanediol extract in human volunteers. Methods: The cell viability was determined using a WTT assay. A mushroom tyrosinase was used to evaluate the anti‐tyrosinase activity of the SC extract. The placebo (no extract) or test (SC 1,3‐butanediol extract) or positive control (kojic acid) cosmetic cream was applied on face of volunteers(30 female subjects) three times a day for 8 weeks. The active compounds in SC extract were screened using liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF). Results: The result showed that the cytotoxicity of SC extract is insignificant when the concentration of SC extract is below 160 µg/mL. In addition, SC extract dose dependently inhibited tyrosinase activity and SC 1,3‐butanediol extract possessed a stronger inhibitory activity than methanol extract and water extract. Clinical evaluations revealed that facial melanin levels of the volunteers receiving cosmetic formulations (containing SC 1,3‐butanediol extract) were decreased 59% from baseline in 6th weeks, whereas the placebo group showed no effect. SC 1,3‐butanediol extract was detected to contain 12 kaempferol compounds, significantly, kaempferol 3‐O‐[α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐glucopyranoside] and kaempferol‐3,7‐O‐α‐L‐dirhamnoside are the major compounds. Conclusion: These results indicate that SC extract can be used as a natural skin‐whitening agent in cosmetic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the 2013 Chelyabinsk event, the risks posed by asteroids attracted renewed interest, from both the scientific and policy-making communities. It reminded the world that impacts from near-Earth objects (NEOs), while rare, have the potential to cause great damage to cities and populations. Point estimates of the risk (such as mean numbers of casualties) have been proposed, but because of the low-probability, high-consequence nature of asteroid impacts, these averages provide limited actionable information. While more work is needed to further refine its input distributions (e.g., NEO diameters), the probabilistic model presented in this article allows a more complete evaluation of the risk of NEO impacts because the results are distributions that cover the range of potential casualties. This model is based on a modularized simulation that uses probabilistic inputs to estimate probabilistic risk metrics, including those of rare asteroid impacts. Illustrative results of this analysis are presented for a period of 100 years. As part of this demonstration, we assess the effectiveness of civil defense measures in mitigating the risk of human casualties. We find that they are likely to be beneficial but not a panacea. We also compute the probability-but not the consequences-of an impact with global effects ('cataclysm'). We conclude that there is a continued need for NEO observation, and for analyses of the feasibility and risk-reduction effectiveness of space missions designed to deflect or destroy asteroids that threaten the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming that large color gamut and therefore better color reproducibility will be a highly desired feature of all displays as we look to the near future, we make the case in this paper that quantum dots (QDs) are currently the down-conversion technology of choice that will allow liquid crystal display makers to cost-effectively reach and exceed 100% of the NTSC (National Television Standard Committee) and Adobe RGB color standards while achieving maximum system efficiency. We will discuss in detail the numerous fundamental advantages of QDs over phosphors, along with their scientific origins, andmake the case that QDs are the ultimate light generating material for next-generation displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a new identity-based encryption (IBE) scheme using bilinear pairings. Compared with the famous IBE scheme of Boneh and Franklin, ours is more practical in the multiple private key generator (multiple-PKG) environment. We prove that our scheme meets chosen ciphertext security in the random oracle model, assuming the intractability of the standard bilinear Diffie-Hellman problem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming large color gamut and therefore better color reproducibility will be a highly desired feature of all displays as we look to the near future, we make the case in this paper that Quantum Dots (QDs) are currently the down-conversion technology of choice that will allow liquid crystal display (LCD) makers to cost-effectively reach and exceed 100% of the NTSC (National Television Standard Committee) standard while achieving maximum system efficiency. We will discuss in detail the numerous fundamental advantages of QDs over phosphors, along with their scientific origins, and make the case that QDs are the ultimate light generating material for next-generation displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum dots (QDs) are a luminescent semiconductor nanomaterial technology that delivers exceptional color for liquid crystal display backlighting unit (LCD-BLU) applications. We report on the scale-up of the rapid-injection, batch synthetic method, and compare it to other proposed manufacturing methods. A discussion of how to meet high volume QD production needs follows, consistent with current and future LCD volumes, and taking into account dominant implementation geometries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heating mold and resin have been widely used in resin transfer molding (RTM) to improve injection and manufacturing efficiency. The unreasonable mold/resin temperatures sometimes lead to excessive viscosity of resin and premature curing, which will result in failure of the filling process. Selection of optimal mold and resin temperature has become a source of concern in the polymer industry. This article presents an optimization method to select mold and injection resin temperatures by using numerical simulation based on chemorheological and exothermal reaction of the RTM process. The results show that the optimization method has high computational efficiency for three‐dimensional parts with different shapes. The selected mold/resin temperature ensures the smooth filling process, which provides a powerful tool for parameter design in polymer industry. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48245. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High speed injection has been widely used in resin transfer molding (RTM), which improves manufacturing efficiency. This sometimes leads to excessive pressure within the mold, resulting in fiber destruction and mold deformation. Heating the mold and injection resin reduces the viscosity of resin, leading to influence on mold internal pressure. Selection of optimal mold and injection temperature for effective reduction of mold internal pressure has become a source of concern in the polymer industry. This article presents an outlook relationship between mold temperature, injection temperature, and mold internal pressure. It also showcases a temperature selection method angle to addressing this issue. The "FLUENT" software has been secondarily developed that gives an insight in using the three‐dimensional nonisothermal RTM simulation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47492. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses thermal history of the Dongshan iron deposit during its emplacement to exhumation in the Ningwu Volcano-Sedimentary Basin, Eastern China. Topics discussed include existence of the magnetite ore within large apatite crystals and diopside (actinolite)-apatite-magnetite pegmatite, a graph related to emplacement depth and time of the Dongshan iron deposit, and the benefits the mine exploration of iron deposit.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to participate in the pathophysiological processes of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury, which include reduced energy homeostasis, increased generation of oxidative stress species (ROS) and the release of apoptotic factors. Oxyglutamate carrier (OGC) is an important carrier protein on the inner mitochondrial membrane that can transport metabolites from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. The role of OGC in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) remains unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of OGC was significantly upregulated after cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Inhibiting OGC with phenylsuccinic acid (PSA) increased neuronal death after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. Mechanistically, OGC was localized in mitochondria and could facilitate the transport of glutathione from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to reduce ROS levels and increase ATP production after OGD/R. In addition, in vivo inhibition of OGC exacerbated brain infarction, and GSH supplementation alleviated brain infarction resulting from OGC inhibition. This study revealed the role of OGC in alleviating brain damage by regulating mitochondrial GSH transport to alleviate mitochondrial function after cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury, which may provide a target for alleviating ischaemic brain injury., (© 2025 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)