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The subaerial exposure of the modern continental crust through time remains intensely debated, with estimates of the first exposure ranging from the late Archean to the Neoproterozoic. To constrain when and how much of the continental crust was exposed subaerially during Earth's history, we trained a supervised machine learning model on the compositions of modern subaerial and submerged basalts. Then, we applied this well‐trained model to a refined worldwide data set of basaltic compositions and calculated the mean proportions of basalts erupted subaerially since 3.8 billion years ago (Ga). Our results suggest that ∼20% of the basalts were exposed subaerially in the early Archean, which may have driven the synthesis of biopolymers crucial to the origins and evolution of life. The proportion of subaerial basalts increased markedly during two stages between the late Archean and the Paleoproterozoic before reaching the present‐day level no earlier than ∼1.8 Ga. Plain Language Summary: Although land only covers about 30% of Earth's surface, it plays a crucial role in our planet's ecosystem by interacting with the ocean and atmosphere. Scientists are still debating when and how much land was above sea level throughout history. In our study, we used a machine learning technique to analyze the chemical compositions of basalts and classified rocks that formed on land and under water. We then used this program to study rocks from different times in Earth's history and estimate how much land was above the oceans over time. We found that about 15%–30% of the continents were above the oceans about 3.8 to 2.8 billion years ago (Ga). This may have helped life evolve by creating molecules essential for living things. The amount of land above water increased significantly during two periods between 2.8 and 1.8 Ga and reached today's level no earlier than 1.8 Ga. Key Points: Improve the geochemical data quality of global basaltic rocksMachine learning can effectively classify subaerially and subaqueously erupted basaltsThe subaerial proportion of basalts may reach present‐day level at about 1.8 billion years ago to a maximum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of naringin (Nar) in alleviating ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced HaCaT cell senescence and damage. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were divided into control, UVB, UVB + Nar, UVB + Cap, and UVB + Nar + Cap groups. Analysis was performed using the MTT assay to assess cell viability, flow cytometry to measure the apoptosis level, SA‐β‐Gal staining to observe cellular senescence, and Western blot to assess protein levels of TRPV1, p16, p53, p21, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, and MMP‐9. Both UVB irradiation and capsaicin (Cap) treatment upregulated the expression of TRPV1 in HaCaT cells, inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and increased the expression of p16, p53, p21, MMP‐1, and MMP‐9. Nar treatment reversed the above effects via inhibition of TRPV1 expression, thereby relieving senescence and cell damage induced by UVB irradiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that Nar can reduce UVB‐induced senescence and damage in HaCaT cells by acting as an antagonist of TRPV1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of secukinumab treatment for psoriasis on different functional cytokines and inflammatory mediators in patients' serum Methods: Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐1RA associated with intrinsic immunity; IL‐6, IL‐18, and growth regulated oncogene alpha (GROα) associated with neutrophils; IL‐12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon (IFN)‐γ associated with Th1; IL‐23, IL‐17A, and IL‐22 associated with Th17; Thymus activation regulated chemokine (TARC), IL‐13, and defensin beta 2 (DEFB2) associated with Th2; Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A and IL‐10 associated with angiogenesis; and IFN‐γ associated with sepsis in the peripheral blood of 12 patients with common psoriasis treated with secukinumab and 15 healthy controls. IL‐23, IL‐17A, IL‐22 associated with Th17; TARC, IL‐13, DEFB2 associated with Th2; VEGF‐A, IL‐10 associated with angiogenesis and procalcitonin (PCT) associated with sepsis. The differences in expression of the above cytokines before and after treatment and the correlation with psoriasis disease severity［Psoriasis Area Severity Index(PASI) score］, age, and disease duration were analyzed. Results: The mean PASI score of the enrolled patients with moderate to severe psoriasis was 21.6 ± 11.0 before treatment and decreased to below 1 after treatment. Serum IL‐6; IL‐18, GROα, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, VEGF‐A, and IL‐17A were significantly higher than normal. And IL‐17A and IFN‐γ were positively correlated with disease duration and age, and IL‐18 was positively correlated with PASI score. The expression levels of IL‐6, GROα, VEGF‐A, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐17A and IL‐23 were significantly lower after secukinumab treatment compared with those before treatment, but the expression levels of IFN‐γ, VEGF‐A, TARC, IL‐13, and DEFB2 were still significantly higher than those of normal subjects after treatment Conclusions: secukinumab clears skin lesions by antagonizing IL‐17A and simultaneously decreasing the expression levels of IL‐6, GRO α, VEGF‐A, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐17A, and IL‐23. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a worldwide polyphagous pest, causing huge economic losses in vegetable, cotton and corn crops, among others. Owing to long‐term exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, evolution of resistance has been detected in this pest. As a conservative and effective neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA) has an important role in insect growth and development. In this study, we investigated the regulatory functions of DA and its associated non‐coding RNA in metamorphosis in H. armigera. RESULTS: Expression profiles indicated that DA and DA pathway genes were highly expressed during larval–pupal metamorphosis in H. armigera. RNA interference and pharmacological experiments confirmed that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopa decarboxylase, vesicular amine transporter and DA receptor 2 are critical genes related to the development of H. armigera from larvae to pupae. We also found that miR‐14 and miR‐2766 targeted the 3′ untranslated region to post‐transcriptionally regulate HaTH function. Application of miR‐2766 and miR‐14 antagomirs significantly increased levels of HaTH transcripts and proteins, while injection of miR‐2766 and miR‐14 agomirs not only suppressed messenger RNA and protein levels of HaTH, but also resulted in defective pupation in H. armigera. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that DA deficiency inhibits larval–pupal metamorphosis in H. armigera. Potentially, DA pathway genes and their microRNAs could be used as a novel target for H. armigera management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to uncover the effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress injury induced by mitochondrial localization of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in enteric glial cells (EGCs) following intestinal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat models. Following establishment of intestinal IRI models by superior mesenteric artery occlusion in Wistar rats, the expression and distribution patterns of TERT were detected. The IRI rats were subsequently treated with low or high doses of dexmedetomidine, followed by detection of ROS, MDA and GSH levels. Calcein cobalt and rhodamine 123 staining were also carried out to detect mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), respectively. Moreover, oxidative injury of mtDNA was determined, in addition to analyses of EGC viability and apoptosis. Intestinal tissues and mitochondria of EGCs were badly damaged in the intestinal IRI group. In addition, there was a reduction in mitochondrial localization of TERT, oxidative stress, whilst apoptosis of EGCs was increased and proliferation was decreased. On the other hand, administration of dexmedetomidine was associated with promotion of mitochondrial localization of TERT, whilst oxidative stress, MPTP and mtDNA in EGCs, and EGC apoptosis were all inhibited, and the MMP and EGC viability were both increased. A positive correlation was observed between different doses of dexmedetomidine and protective effects. Collectively, our findings highlighted the antioxidative effects of dexmedetomidine on EGCs following intestinal IRI, as dexmedetomidine alleviated mitochondrial damage by enhancing the mitochondrial localization of TERT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The preferred salvage treatment for children with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R‐AML) remains unclear. The combination of cladribine/Ara‐C/granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor and mitoxantrone (CLAG‐M) shown promising results in adult R/R‐AML. We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of CLAG‐M versus mitoxantrone/etoposide/cytarabine (MEC) or idarubicin/etoposide/cytarabine (IEC) in R/R‐AML children. Methods: Fifty‐five R/R‐AML children were analyzed. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) at 3‐year were documented. Karyotype or mutations status were summarized as different risk groups. Results: The ORR was achieved in 80% (16/20) and 51% (18/35) of patients after one‐cycle of CLAG‐M and MEC/IEC treatment (p < 0.001). The CLAG‐M group's OS (66.8% ± 16.2% vs. 40.4% ± 10.9%, p = 0.019) and PFS (52.6% ± 13.7% vs. 34.9% ± 9.1%, p = 0.036) at 3‐year was significantly higher than the MEC/IEC group. In high‐risk patients, 33.3% experienced progression of disease (PD) and 22.2% dead in CLAG‐M group, while 50% experienced PD and 43.8% dead in MEC/IEC. When it comes to low‐risk group, none of them in CLAG‐M experienced PD or death, while up to 50% of patients received MEC/IEC suffered PD, and all of them died eventually. Similar results were also found in the intermediate‐risk group. Surprisingly, the presence of FLT3‐ITD was associated with poor outcome in both groups. The most common adverse events were hematologic toxicities, and the incidence was similar in both group. Conclusions: CLAG‐M group demonstrated effective palliation along with acceptable toxicity in R/R‐AML patients. However, patients with FLT3‐ITD may benefit less from CLAG‐M, owing to higher PD rate and all‐cause mortality than other patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) K‐edge X‐ray adsorption near‐edge (XANES) spectroscopy were performed on thirty‐three chemical compounds and geological materials, including chemical reagents, organometallic compounds, silicates, carbonates and igneous rock reference materials. The results confirm that the fine structure of the K‐edges for specimens is unique and distinguishable. The results suggest that compositional and local atomic variations strongly regulate spectral characteristics. Acquired XANES spectra with the library of distinctive spectral features of model references approve the fingerprint identification of different phases of K and Ca involved in geological materials. Moreover, this reveals that typical compositional changes in geological samples could strongly affect spectral features. As an example, we quantitatively determined the silicate species of K and Ca in two igneous rock reference materials by linear combination fitting. The dominant hosts and molecular environments of K and Ca can be interpreted based on pre‐edge/post‐edge peak position, intensity, shifts and resonance features, thus improving the understanding of the (bio)geochemical cycling, partitioning and isotopic fractionation of K and Ca. The outcomes serve as a complementary database for a vast number of scientific contexts, including aspects of geological and environment sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional anti‐aircraft and anti‐missile warhead mainly hit the target by fragments or MEFPs. However, these killing elements are only effective for thin‐shell ammunition (10–30 mm), but not for thick‐shell ammunition (>100 mm). This paper proposes an attacking method towards thick moving target by shaped charge jet. Through the analysis of the whole penetrating process between the shaped charge jet and the thick moving target, the paper divides the process into two stages: undisturbed jet penetration and disturbed jet penetration. Based on virtual origin theory, this paper carried out detailed theoretical analysis for each stage and established theory algorithms of changes of cavity when shaped charge jet penetrates the thick moving target, penetration depth of undistributed jet, the lateral velocity of jet and penetration depth contributed by distributed jet. Since the current experimental method cannot accurately analyze the dynamic penetration process of each jet element, in order to verify the theoretical model, a diameter of 66 mm shaped charge was designed, and through the LS‐DYNA software, the jet penetrates steel target with the transverse velocity of 0∼600 m/s was calculated. The study also carried out detailed analysis of the jet tip and tail velocity, the shape of the penetration hole, the lateral velocity of the disturbed jet and the total depth of penetration. At the same time, we combine with the experimental data of E. Marmor et al.[22], to compare with the theoretical results. The calculations are in good agreement with the E. Marmor's experimental datas. The results indicate that shaped charge warhead is an effective method to tackle high speed thick moving target. The theoretical model established in this paper can effectively guide the structural design of the warhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lithium isotope system can be an important tracer for various geological processes, especially tracing continental weathering. The key to this application is the accurate and precise determination of lithium isotopic composition. However, some of the previously established column separation methods are not well behaved when applied to chemically diverse materials, due to the significant variations in matrix/lithium ratios in some materials. Here, we report a new dual‐column system for lithium purification to achieve accurate and precise analysis of lithium isotopic compositions using a multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (MC‐ICP‐MS). Compared with single‐column systems, our dual‐column system yielded a consistent elution range of the lithium‐bearing fraction (7–16 ml) for samples with a large range of lithium loads and matrix compositions, so that column re‐calibration is not required. In addition, this method achieved complete lithium recovery and low matrix interference (e.g., Na/Li ≤ 1) with a short elution time (~ 6 h, excluding evaporation), with the entire procedure completed in 1.5 days. We report high precision Li isotopic compositions in twelve chemically diverse materials including seawater, silicates, carbonates, manganese nodules and clays. New recommended Li isotopic values and associated uncertainties are presented as reference values for quality control and inter‐laboratory calibration for future research and were consistent with previously published data. However, significant lithium isotopic variances (~ 1‰) in BHVO‐2 from different batches suggest Li isotopic heterogeneity in this reference material and that Li isotopic studies using this reference material should be treated with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues usually play an important role in regulating the circadian rhythms. Light is the most important environmental signal for synchronizing endogenous rhythms with the daily light‐dark cycle, and compound eyes are known as the principal circadian photoreceptor for photic entrainment in most moths. However, there is little evidence for circadian timing in compound eyes. In the current study, we isolated the timeless gene, designated Ha‐tim (GenBank accession number: KM233162), from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. Ha‐tim and period (Ha‐per) showed low messenger RNA levels in the compound eyes compared to the other tested adult organs. Ha‐tim and Ha‐per transcript levels were dependent on an endogenous rhythm that fluctuated over a daily cycle in the compound eyes and heads. The cycles of Ha‐tim and Ha‐per transcript levels followed similar time courses, and identical expression patterns of the two genes were observed in the compound eyes and heads. Ha‐tim and Ha‐per were down‐regulated in the compound eyes after light exposure, copulation and starvation. These results indicated that Ha‐tim and Ha‐per transcript levels were regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Our study helped to improve our understanding of the circadian clock machinery in compound eyes and other peripheral tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Thiamethoxam (TMX) is one of the most effective neonicotinoid insecticides for the control of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and various side effects can be expected in its natural enemies. The multicolored Asian lady beetle or harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is an important predator against M. persicae in greenhouses and fields. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of TMX to H. axyridis and the effect on the functional response of this predator to M. persicae through three routes of exposure. Acute toxicity bioassays indicated that LC50 values of TMX on H. axyridis through direct residual contact (‘contact’), systemic application (‘systemic’), and leaf‐dip treatment (‘leaf‐dip’) were 18.99, 21.26, and 15.39 mg a.i. l−1, respectively. The hazard quotient indicated a potential hazard of this agrochemical regardless of the exposure routes. The mortality caused by the lowest rate, 2 mg a.i. l−1, was not significantly different compared with the control group. For the three routes of sublethal TMX exposure, the type‐II functional response was a good fit to the prey consumption of H. axyridis. Predation was most affected by leaf‐dip treatment, followed by contact and systemic treatments, which had similar effect. For all exposure routes, the predation capacity of the predator recovered quickly after transfer to untreated cabbage leaves. Thiamethoxam applied systemically was the least toxic to H. axyridis and did not affect the functional response of the predator. However, the sublethal effects of TMX through both contact and leaf‐dip application may reduce the population growth of H. axyridis and consequently impair the biological control of M. persicae by this predator. These results illustrate that the assessment of potential effects of TMX on H. axyridis is crucial to develop effective integrated pest management programs for M. persicae in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective This study investigated whether arginase contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in obese rats. Methods Endothelial function and arginase expression were examined in skeletal muscle arterioles from lean and obese Zucker rats (ZRs). Arginase activity, arginine bioavailability, and blood pressure were measured in lean and obese animals. Results Arginase activity and expression was increased while global arginine bioavailability decreased in obese ZRs. Acetylcholine or luminal flow caused dilation of isolated skeletal muscle arterioles, but this was reduced or absent in vessels from obese ZRs. Treatment of arterioles with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocked dilation in lean arterioles and eliminated differences among lean and obese vessels. In contrast, arginase inhibitors or l-arginine enhanced vasodilation in obese ZRs and abolished differences between lean and obese animals, while d-arginine had no effect. Finally, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly increased in obese ZRs. However, administration of l-arginine or arginase inhibitors lowered blood pressure in obese but not lean animals, and this was associated with an improvement in systemic arginine bioavailability. Conclusions Arginase promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in obesity by reducing arginine bioavailability. Therapeutic approaches targeting arginase represent a promising approach in treating obesity-related vascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactions of IMes-HCl with bimetallic iron-copper clusters were investigated and it showed that interconversions among bimetallic Fe xCu y(CO) zn- clusters were induced by IMes-HCl. The reaction priority of IMes-HCl with fragments in Fe xCu y(CO) zn- was also investigated and the reaction behaviors of zero valent Fe(CO)4 and divalent Fe(CO)4 with IMes-HCl were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to encapsulate the Bifidobacterium bifidum F-35 into whey protein for the production of one-layer microcapsules, and then the microcapsules were covered by sodium alginate to produce double-layer microcapsules for examining the effectiveness of microcapsules in set yogurt. The reinforced treatment by double layer exhibited a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in B. bifidum F-35 count more than the treatments of free cells and one-layer microcapsules. Microcapsules of double layer in yogurt led to record a value of titratable acidity that was 1.51 in comparison with the treatments of one layer and free cells that were 1.65 and 1.73, respectively. The hardness values were recorded as 206.88 at the treatment of double layer and 130.31 at the treatment of one layer after 7 days of storage. Microencapsulation of double layer caused a slight bitterness and creamy texture in yogurt, whereas the samples of free cells were described to have sour and bad texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpha-lactalbumin (α-La), a globular protein found in all mammalian milk, has been used as an ingredient in infant formulas. The protein can be isolated from milk using chromatography/gel filtration, membrane separation, enzyme hydrolysis, and precipitation/aggregation technologies. α-La is appreciated as a source of peptides with antitumor and apoptosis, antiulcerative, immune modulating, antimicrobial, antiviral, antihypertensive, opioid, mineral binding, and antioxidative bioactivities, which may be utilized in the production of functional foods. Nanotubes formed by the protein could find applications in foods and pharmaceuticals, and understanding its amyloid fibrils is important in drawing strategies for controlling amyloidal diseases. Bioactive peptides in α-La are released during the fermentation or ripening of dairy products by starter and nonstarter microorganisms and during digestion by gastric enzymes. Bioactive peptides are also produced by deliberate hydrolysis of α-La using animal, microbial, or plant proteases. The occurrence, structure, and production technologies of α-La and its bioactive peptides are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of cyclic stretch on EC apoptosis. Application of moderate, physiologic levels of cyclic stretch (6–10% at 1 Hz) inhibited EC apoptosis. This anti-apoptotic effect was dependent on the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and associated with the activation of Akt and the phosphorylation of Bad. Interestingly, a higher potentially pathologic level of cyclic stretch (20% at 1 Hz) stimulated EC apoptosis. The ability of physiologic cyclic stretch to inhibit EC apoptosis may provide a previously unrecognized mechanism by which hemodynamic forces exert an anti-atherogenic effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The capacity assignment problem of the packet-switched network is to determine each link capacity (channel rate and number of channels) to minimize the total cost of the network, based on the given network topology and the link traffic, and under the constraint for service quality. Most past designs have discussed the simple network model in which the cost and the channel rate are in linear relation, and the channel rate can be set as an arbitrary value. Recently, several studies have been made considering the discreteness of the channel rate, but most of them consider only a single kind of channel. This paper proposes a link design method for the packet-switched network which considers different kinds of channels, with the average delay of the packet for each destination in the network as the constraint. More precisely, the design procedure is divided into three parts and modified into the general nonlinear optimization problem to optimize the network. Through numerical examples, the accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium isotopes have been identified as a promising tracer of subducted materials in arc lavas due to the observable variations in related reservoirs such as subducting sediments and altered oceanic crust. The Tonga–Kermadec arc–Lau back‐arc provides an end‐member of subduction zones with the coldest thermal structure on Earth. Reported here are Li isotope data for 14 lavas from the arc front and 7 back‐arc lavas as well as 12 pelagic and volcaniclastic sediments along a profile through the sedimentary sequence at DSDP Site 204. The arc and back‐arc lavas range from basalts to dacites in composition with SiO2 = 48.3–65.3 wt% over which Li concentrations increase from 2 ppm to 16 ppm. Li/Y ratios range from 0.08 to 0.77 and from 0.24 to 0.65 in the arc and back‐arc lavas, respectively. The majority of the lavas have δ7Li that ranges from 2.5 ‰ to 5.0 ‰ with an average of (3.6 ±0.7) ‰, similar to that reported from other arcs and there is no distinction between the arc front and back‐arc lavas. The pelagic sediments have variable Li concentrations (33–133 ppm) and δ7Li that ranges from 1.2 ‰ to 10.2 ‰ while the volcaniclastic sediments have an even greater range of Li concentrations (3.6–165 ppm) and generally higher δ7Li values (8–14 ‰). However, δ7Li in the lavas does not correlate with commonly used trace element ratio or isotope signatures indicative of slab‐derived fluids or the sediments. This is probably because the range of δ7Li in the lavas and sediments overlap. Calculated sediment mass‐balance models require significantly more sediment than previous estimates based on Th–Nd–Be isotopes. This may indicate that a sizeable proportion of the total Li budget in the lavas is provided by Li‐enriched fluids from the subducting sediments and/or altered oceanic crust. Lithium isotopes have been identified as a promising tracer of subducted materials in arc lavas due to the observable variations in related reserviors such as subducting sediments and altered oceanic crust. Here we report Li isotope data for 14 lavas from the arc front and 7 back‐arc lavas as well as 12 pelagic and volcaniclastic sediments along a profile through the sedimentary sequence at DSDP Site 204. Calculated sediment mass‐balance models require significantly more sediment than previous estimates based on Th–Nd–Be isotopes. This may indicate that a sizeable proportion of the total Li budget in the lavas is provided by Li‐enriched fluids from the subducting sediments and/or altered oceanic crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Title compounds (IIIe) and (IIIf) display similar or slighter higher inhibitory activity against Candida albicans than the standard Fluconazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Edge-to-edge mitral valve plasty technique has been widely used to treat bileaflet prolapse. This procedure anchors the correspondence leaflets to create a double-orifice mitral valve. The original mitral valve anatomy is changed, and the opening of mitral valve is restricted. Little is known whether this procedure affects the left ventricular diastolic function., Methods: Thirty patients with mitral regurgitation were included in this study. Fifteen with posterior leaflet prolapse received quadrangular resection (group 1), 15 with anterior or bileaflet prolapse underwent edge-to-edge procedure (group 2). Acute hemodynamics was monitored with a Swan-Ganz catheter (Edwards Lifesciences LLC, Irvine, CA, USA). Left ventricular diastolic function was also evaluated with echocardiography in 28 patients with sinus rhythm. The ratio of peak E velocity and A velocity (E/A), the ratio of early diastolic peak flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular movement velocity (E/Em), and the ratio of early diastolic mitral annular velocity to late diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em/Am) were measured before operation and one week after operation., Results: Mitral valve area and mitral regurgitate grade decreased significantly after operation. There was no significant change in pulmonary artery wedge pressure between two groups and in each group before and after operation. Echocardiography evaluation showed there was no significant difference in E/A, E/Em, and Em/Am before and after operation between two groups and in each group., Conclusion: Edge-to-edge mitral valve plasty procedure has no significant impairment on left ventricular diastolic function. A double-orifice mitral valve has similar hemodynamic behavior with a physiological valve.