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ABSTRACT Low‐temperature stress limits plant growth, and reduces aesthetics of many ornamental plants. Plants have developed different adaptive mechanisms to cope with low‐temperature stress, in which NAC transcription factor family members playing an important role in low‐temperature tolerance. However, their roles in petunia in response to low temperature are still largely unknown. Here, we found that a NAC transcription factor, namely, PhNH10, negatively regulates low‐temperature response in petunia. PhNH10‐silenced and ‐CRISPR/Cas9 mutant plants displayed higher survival rate, anthocyanin content and abscisic acid concentration than PhNH10‐overexpression and wild‐type plants under low‐temperature condition. PhNH10 can directly bind to the PhABA8ox promoter to active its expression, which further promotes the abscisic acid catabolism, while silencing of PhABA8ox increased the ABA concentration and low‐temperature tolerance. In addition, PhNH10 interact with a low‐temperature‐related E2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme, PhUBC2‐1, which in turn inhibited the binding capacity of PhNH10 on PhABA8ox promoter. Our research has elucidated an extensive mechanistic network underlying the PhNH10‐mediated regulation of low‐temperature response in petunia. This finding not only presents a new viewpoint in understanding the low‐temperature tolerance mechanisms but also delineates a promising pathway for transgenic petunia with improved low‐temperature resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interannual variation of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) across the North Pacific Ocean and the modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are investigated based on both observations and reduced gravity model experiments. Results reveal that the interannual variation of the NEC is highly related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with unsynchronized variations both in zonal and meridional structure. The tropical and subtropical gyre branches of the NEC (NEC‐S and NEC‐N) behave antiphase variation during El Niño events with the transport of the former being enhanced and the latter being weakened across the Pacific. The NEC axis in the western/eastern Pacific shifts northward/southward during El Niño events, consistent with the meridional shift of the zero‐line of wind stress curl. Model experiments indicate that Rossby waves mainly modulate the NEC near the western boundary and the NEC‐N, while Ekman pumping modulates NEC‐S in the western basin. Meanwhile, the relationship between the interannual variation of the NEC and ENSO events is significantly modulated by different PDO phases. The PDO cold phase favors a much closer connection between the NEC and the Niño 3.4 index. The dynamics lie in that PDO‐related wind stress curl and sea level anomalies are consistent with that of El Niño, favoring the enhanced correlation between NEC and El Niño. The reverse is true for the warm phase. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of the tropical Pacific Ocean circulation and its role in climate change. Plain Language Summary: Serving as the boundary of tropical and subtropical gyres, the North Equatorial Current plays an important role in the exchanging of mass, heat, and salt between the mid‐ and low‐latitude oceans. It is a very broad current and behaves quite differently in both zonal and meridional directions across the Pacific due to the phase lag of propagated Rossby waves. This study reveals that the interannual variation of the North Equatorial Current is highly related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with unsynchronized variations in zonal and meridional structure. The tropical and subtropical gyre branches of the North Equatorial Current behave antiphase variation during El Niños with the transport of the former is enhanced and the latter weakened across the Pacific. Rossby waves excited west of the dateline modulate the North Equatorial Current near the western boundary, while those excited in the eastern Pacific modulate the subtropical branches. Local Ekman pumping plays a dominant role in tropical branches in the western Pacific. Further analysis indicates that the ENSO‐related air‐sea state in the tropical Pacific Ocean is modulated by Pacific Decadal Oscillation phases. The cold phase favors a much closer connection between the North Equatorial Current and ENSO events. Key Points: Interannual variation of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) is highly related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with unsynchronized variations both in zonal and meridional structureRossby waves mainly modulate the NEC near the western boundary and subtropical gyre branch, while Ekman pumping modulates the tropical gyre branchThe relationship between the NEC and ENSO is nonstationary and significantly modulated by different phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LC‐2, is a molecule of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), with a large molecular weight, poor water solubility and low system bioavailability, which was designed to degrade KRASG12C protein. In this study, LC‐2 PEGylated liposomes were developed and characterized. Moreover, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method in rat plasma was established and effectively utilized for an in vivo pharmacokinetic investigation. LC‐2 PEGylated liposomes with better properties were prepared by an improved ethanol injection method. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB‐CN column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) with acetonitrile–ammonium deionized water (5 mm; 80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The mass spectra of LC‐2 and the IS (gefitinib) were obtained at m/z 1132.5 → 626.4 and 447.1 → 128.2, respectively. The pharmacokinetic study was carried out by analyzing plasma concentrations of LC‐2 solution or produced LC‐2 PEGylated liposomes in rats using the developed and validated method. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that PEGylated liposome‐encapsulation protected LC‐2 from the influence of endogenous protein binding, improved insolubility, prolonged half‐life and increased system bioavailability. This study provides a feasible solution for future preclinical and clinical studies of LC‐2 and/or other PROTACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characteristics of the intraseasonal variability (ISV) of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude (NBL) are analyzed by using both observations and reanalysis data. The maximum amplitude of the ISV of the NBL can reach about 6° of latitude, which almost triples its annual excursion. The NBL shows a broad spectral peak around 50–140 days with the highest peak occurring around 73 days. Both the Madden‐Julian oscillation and mesoscale eddies have a significant impact on its ISV. A case study for a cyclonic eddy indicates that it can transport about 1.5 Sv (1 Sv–106 m3 s−1) waters to the NBL, and the bifurcation shifts northward with an amplitude of about 8° of latitude in 1 month. Meanwhile, the influence of mesoscale eddies on the ISV of the NBL is highly modulated by the interannual variations of the eddy field. Active eddy activities associated with enhanced barotropic and baroclinic instabilities show a large influence on the NBL. The eddy kinetic energy level around the NBL showed a quite diverse character for the 1997–1998 and the 2015–2016 extreme El Niños, with the latter being double or triple that of the former due to the much stronger vertical and horizontal shears. Given the significant impact on the NBL by the individual eddies and the unevenly distributed cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies around the NBL, the effect of mesoscale eddies on the bifurcation latitude may not cancel each other on seasonal or interannual time scales. Plain Language Summary: The North Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude (NBL) determines the mass, heat, and salt partition between the Kuroshio and the Mindanao Current. Variations in the NBL exert profound effects on the tropical Pacific climate and need to be better understood. This study identifies significant intraseasonal variability (ISV) of the NBL with the maximum amplitude reaching about 6° of latitude, which almost triples its annual excursion. Both the Madden‐Julian oscillation and mesoscale eddies have a significant impact on its ISV. A case study for a cyclonic eddy indicates that it can transport about 1.5 Sv waters to the NBL and perturbs the bifurcation significantly. Meanwhile, the influence of mesoscale eddies on the ISV of the NBL is highly modulated by the interannual variations of the eddy field, and active eddy activities associated with enhanced vertical and horizontal shears show a large influence on the NBL. Given the significant impact on the NBL by individual eddy and unevenly distributed cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies around the NBL, the effect of mesoscale eddies on the bifurcation latitude may not cancel each other on seasonal or interannual time scales. Key Points: The North Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude shows significant intraseasonal variability (ISV) with the maximum amplitude tripling its annual excursionBoth the Madden‐Julian oscillation and mesoscale eddies have a significant impact on its ISVA case study for a cyclonic eddy indicates that it can transport about 1.5 Sv waters to the NBL and perturb the bifurcation significantly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which used coprecipitation method to prepare magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4. The dispersion polymerization of styrene and acrylic acid in the presence of magnetic oxide was used to synthesize core-shell composite magnetic polymer microspheres. It was found that the magnetic powders produced by different surfactants had various saturation magnetizations.

Human coactosin-like protein (CLP) shares high homology with coactosin, a filamentous (F)-actin binding protein, and interacts with 5LO and F-actin. As a tumor antigen, CLP is overexpressed in tumor tissue cells or cell lines, and the encoded epitopes can be recognized by cellular and humoral immune systems. To gain a better understanding of its various functions and interactions with related proteins, the crystal structure of CLP expressed in Escherichia coli has been determined to 1.9 Å resolution. The structure features a central β-sheet surrounded by helices, with two very tight hydrophobic cores on each side of the sheet. CLP belongs to the actin depolymerizing protein superfamily, and is similar to yeast cofilin and actophilin. Based on our structural analysis, we observed that CLP forms a polymer along the crystallographic b axis with the exact same repeat distance as F-actin. A model for the CLP polymer and F-actin binding has therefore been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous disease. Due to difficulty accessing diagnostic services and a lack of awareness of the syndrome, clinicians often fail to recognize the classic phenotype, leading to missed diagnoses.Relevant medical records were accessed through The BIG DATA QUERY AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 1, 2012 to March 31, 2024. The search strategy included the following key terms: (bronchiectasis OR atelectasis OR recurrent cough OR recurrent expectoration OR hemoptysis) AND (sinusitis OR nasal polyps OR otitis media OR neonatal pneumonia OR neonatal respiratory distress OR ectopic pregnancy OR infertility OR artificial insemination OR assisted reproduction OR hydrocephalus OR congenital heart disease OR organ laterality defect OR right‐sided heart OR semen OR consanguineous marriage). Patients were filtered according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and those with clinical suspicion of PCD were invited for screening, which included nasal nitric oxide and whole exome sequencing.A total of 874 medical records were retrieved. After filtering based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 65 patients with clinical suspicion of PCD were identified, 21 of whom accepted our invitation to complete PCD‐related screening. Among them, four were diagnosed with PCD, one was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, and one was diagnosed with immunodeficiency‐21.This is the first study to use an electronic medical record retrieval system to identify missed diagnoses PCD. We believe that the methods used in this study can be extended to other rare diseases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human coactosin-like protein (CLP) belongs to the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) family of actin-binding proteins. CLP interacts with 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) and filamentous actin (F-actin) via different binding sites. The full-length CLP comprising of 142 amino acids has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Crystals of CLP were obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique with ammonium sulfate as precipitant at pH 8.5. Diffraction data to 1.9 Å resolution were collected from a crystal belonging to space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 25.6, b = 55.2, c = 37.4 Å, β = 96.0°. There is one molecule per asymmetric unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]