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The phosphorus uptake 1 ( Pup1) locus was identified as a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for tolerance of phosphorus deficiency in rice. Near-isogenic lines with the Pup1 region from tolerant donor parent Kasalath typically show threefold higher phosphorus uptake and grain yield in phosphorus-deficient field trials than the intolerant parent Nipponbare. In this study, we report the fine mapping of the Pup1 locus to the long arm of chromosome 12 (15.31–15.47 Mb). Genes in the region were initially identified on the basis of the Nipponbare reference genome, but did not reveal any obvious candidate genes related to phosphorus uptake. Kasalath BAC clones were therefore sequenced and revealed a 278-kbp sequence significantly different from the syntenic regions in Nipponbare (145 kb) and in the indica reference genome of 93-11 (742 kbp). Size differences are caused by large insertions or deletions (INDELs), and an exceptionally large number of retrotransposon and transposon-related elements (TEs) present in all three sequences (45%–54%). About 46 kb of the Kasalath sequence did not align with the entire Nipponbare genome, and only three Nipponbare genes (fatty acid α-dioxygenase, dirigent protein and aspartic proteinase) are highly conserved in Kasalath. Two Nipponbare genes (expressed proteins) might have evolved by at least three TE integrations in an ancestor gene that is still present in Kasalath. Several predicted Kasalath genes are novel or unknown genes that are mainly located within INDEL regions. Our results highlight the importance of sequencing QTL regions in the respective donor parent, as important genes might not be present in the current reference genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite navigation systems enable long‐distance and high‐precision time transfers. The authors proposed an undifferenced precise time transfer method with information constraints in this study. A more accurate receiver clock offset can be obtained by constraining the station coordinate parameters and receiver clock offset parameters to achieve a precise time transfer. In this example, the research object is the time transfer link established by the Global Positioning System observation station using a caesium clock, rubidium clock, and hydrogen clock. The clock difference sequence of the time‐transfer link was calculated by combining the observation data and precise products. Following analysis of the examples, the following conclusions were reached. The undifferenced precise time transfer method based on information constraints can effectively be used to smooth the clock difference sequence of the receiver and the clock difference sequence of the time transfer link. To some extent, this method can also be used to reflect the performance of atomic clocks at Global Positioning System stations and is better suited for the precise time transfer of the equal‐clock long‐baseline time transfer link. Simultaneously, the frequency stability of this method is improved significantly in the short term compared to the traditional scheme without any constraints. The improvement of frequency stability is helpful to improve the accuracy of time transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of the signal in space (SIS) broadcasted by the broadcast ephemeris will affect the reliability and safety of the user navigation and positioning. Understanding the SIS anomaly of a satellite is conducive to fault allocation in advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring. In this study, precise ephemeris was used to calculate the SIS error of all healthy Galileo satellites from 2017 to 2018, the detection thresholds were obtained through statistics of SIS error, and the satellite SIS anomalies for two years were detected. Results show that the SIS anomalies of Galileo satellites are primarily caused by satellite clock error, the scale of which can sometimes reach tens or even hundreds of metres. Except for E24 satellite, the annual accumulation of anomalies for Galileo satellites was <∼7 h, and the average annual accumulation of anomalies is ∼2.5 h. The accumulation of anomalies for E24 in 2017 was ∼50 h∼50 h, but this decreased to 4.5 h in 2018, indicating that its stability improved. Overall, the SIS stability in 2018 was improved compared with 2017. In addition, as the serious missing of broadcast ephemeris of Galileo satellites, it is not conducive to the continuity and reliability of the user's navigation and positioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the third generation of the Chinese BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), which provides global positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services, will be completed in 2020. As BDS satellites contain the geostationary orbit (GEO), inclined geosynchronous (IGSO), and medium earth orbit (MEO), orbital manoeuvres occur more frequently. Thus, orbit manoeuvre detection is important for continuous and reliable PNT services. A BDS orbit manoeuvre detection method based on the combination of global positioning system (GPS) and BDS observations is proposed in this study. The standard deviations of the observation residuals of the epoch‐differenced velocity estimation of the single BDS system and combined GPS + BDS system were compared to determine the beginning and end of the orbit manoeuvre. The results show that the orbital manoeuvre leads to a position, velocity, and receiver clock error bias of approximately tens to hundreds of metres, several centimetres per second, and tens to hundreds of metres, respectively. Based on the proposed method, the start and end times can be detected in real time and the usable observation time can be extended by >157 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) position algorithm with both Double‐Differenced (DD) model and Un‐Differenced (UD) model is investigated in this study. This algorithm is realized and validated with experimental BDS data collected at four regional stations. For the experiment within the regional network, a short convergence time for each model is considered. The results show that the BDS NRTK is able to provide positioning service with accuracy at the cm level. Theoretically, UD‐NRTK and DD‐NRTK are equivalent to each other. The small differences found between the DD and UD models in this study can be clarified in that the error correction for the DD model is more precise than that for the UD model, resulting in faster solution convergence in the DD model. However, the noise of the DD model is two times of the UD model, which usually leads to larger final RMS of positioning accuracy for the DD model. Copyright © 2018 Institute of Navigation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]