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Objectives: This longitudinal within subject controlled randomized observational investigation studied the impacts of three‐sided sonic‐powered toothbrush versus conventional manual toothbrush on oral health‐ and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and assessed the relationship between personality factors and OHRQoL. Methods: A total of 96 participants (48 females and 48 males; mean age = 22.61 years, SD = 1.21) were recruited into this investigation and were randomly allocated into two groups. The participants were instructed to control oral hygiene for 1 month using either a three‐sided sonic brush (Triple Bristle, Dayton, Tennessee, USA) (sonic group) or a conventional manual toothbrush (manual group). Dental plaque was assessed via Turesky‐Modified Quigley–Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Bleeding on probing (BOP) was recorded as 1 if present and zero if absent. The NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) were used to assess personality factors and OHRQoL, respectively. TMQHPI, BOP and OHIP were assessed at study baseline and 1 month later. Results: The TMQHPI, BOP and OHIP‐14 scores were reduced after 1 month in both groups (p < 0.05), and were more reduced among the three‐sided sonic brush users (p > 0.05). Higher neuroticism scores were associated with worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05) in both groups after 1 month. Conclusions: The three‐sided sonic‐powered toothbrush was associated with superior oral health and OHRQoL in comparison with the conventional manual toothbrush. Utilizing three‐sided sonic toothbrush, less plaque deposits and lower neuroticism scores contributed towards and predicted better OHRQoL after 1 month of oral hygiene maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the Triple bristles three‐sided sonic powered toothbrush in plaque removal and its impact on tooth shade and gingival health, and to compare this with a conventional manual toothbrush. Methods: Fifty two participants (26 males and 26 females; mean age [SD] = 22.48 [1.52], SE = 0.210, 95% CI = 22.06–22.90) were recruited into this controlled within‐subject, randomized, two‐treatment, 1‐month crossover and examiner‐blinded observational study between October 2020 and January 2021 in the School of Dentistry, University of Jordan. Within each participant, the upper and lower jaws were randomized to receive a brushing protocol either with the Triple bristles three‐sided sonic brush or with a soft manual standard toothbrush with flat trimmed bristles. Tooth shades were recorded for upper and lower anterior and premolar teeth. The Turesky‐Modified Quigley‐Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at study baseline, 1 week and 1 month after applying the brushing protocol. Results: Both tested brushes were associated with significant reduction in plaque scores and BOP (p < 0.05). The Triple bristles brush was more effective in reduction in plaque and BOP in the lower jaw and among females than the manual brush (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The Triple bristles brush was more superior for reduction in plaque and probing on bleeding in the lower jaw and among females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background RAS may affect quality of life and impacts oral health and daily activities; consequently, psychological factors, dental needs and patients' perceptions. Professionals should understand this relation to adequately manage oral ulcers. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between oral health impacts, oral health-related quality of life and psychological profiles in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis ( RAS). Methods Fifty-three patients (30 men and 23 women, mean age: 31.1 ± 10.1 years) with RAS participated in this study. During ulcer episodes, participants completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( HAD), Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five Factor Inventory ( NEO- FFI), Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP-14) and United Kingdom Oral Health-Related Quality of Life measure ( OHQoL- UK) proformas. Patients completed OHIP-14 and OHQoL- UK again when they were ulcer-free. The statistically significance levels were set at P ≤ 0.05. Results During ulcer episodes, patients reported worse oral health impacts and an inferior quality of life in comparison with ulcer-free times ( P < 0.0001). Higher OHIP scores were significantly associated with higher HAD depression ( P = 0.036) and anxiety ( P = 0.012) scores. NEO- FFI scores had no significant relations with OHIP and OHQoL- UK scores ( P > 0.05). During ulcer-free periods, no relationships were detected between OHIP, OHQoL- UK, HAD and NEO- FFI scores ( P > 0.05), except between OHQoL- UK and conscientiousness scores ( P = 0.05). Conclusions RAS increased the negative oral health impacts on patients and consequently lowered their quality of life. Stressful situations and conditions (including anxiety and depression), rather than inherent personality profiles and stable psychological traits, were related to oral health impacts and quality of life in patients with RAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To assess removable denture patient awareness, expectations, and source of information about dental implants (DIs). Materials and Methods Three hundred patients [150 removable partial denture (RPD) wearers and 150 complete denture wearers (CDWs)] attended the removable prosthodontic clinic at Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology. Patients were evaluated using a pilot-tested, 21-question questionnaire. Results Ninety-six percent of participants were aware of DIs, with no difference between CDWs and RPD wearers ( p > 0.05). The participants' friends and relatives were the main source of information (63.4%), followed by dentists (32.4%). Improvement in function was the predominant reason (55.7%) for patients to consider DIs. Fear of unknown side effects was the major factor in preventing patients from choosing DIs (11.7%), followed by high cost (9.7%) and surgical risk (8.7%). Approximately 89% had no information or were poorly informed about DIs. Over two-thirds of patients did not know about the care (78.3%) of DIs, causes of DI failure (69.7%), or DI duration of service (80.7%). Only 24.7% knew that DIs would be anchored to the jawbone; however, 27.3% and 56.7% of CDWs and RPD wearers, respectively, preferred ( p < 0.05) to have their teeth replaced with DIs. High costs were considered the major disadvantage of DIs in 45% of participants, followed by fear of surgery (27.3%), and long treatment times (24.7%). Conclusions There was a high awareness about DIs among removable denture patients; however, this awareness was associated with a low level of accurate information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of dry mouth in a select sample of edentulous Jordanian older population wearing complete dentures and to evaluate its impact on oral functions. Background The prevalence and impact of Xerostomia as a cofactor in causing denture problems in Jordanians have not been previously investigated. Materials and methods This study included 455 participants (253 men and 202 women). Perception of dry mouth was measured by a pilot-tested questionnaire. Xerostomic status was confirmed clinically. Complete denture function was also assessed. Results One hundred and thirty six subjects (29.9%) had reported a subjective feeling of dry mouth with a prevalence of 24.9% in men ( n = 63) and 36.1% in women ( n = 73) ( p < 0.01). 136 of the 145 subjects with satisfactory dentures showed one or more signs suggestive of Xerostomia. The majority of xerostomic participants with different sets of complete dentures were dissatisfied with oral functions ( p < 0.05). There was a significant association between dry mouth and increasing age, female gender and smoking status ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Among complete denture wearers, Xerostomia is significantly more prevalent in women and associated with increased age and smoking. Xerostomia adversely affects oral functions and overall satisfaction with dentures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between satisfaction with implant-supported fixed rehabilitations (ISFPR), their impacts on daily living, and personality profiles. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (15 men and 35 women; mean age 44.3 ± 9 years), with fitted ISFPR, and 50 partially dentate controls matched with age and gender participated in this study. A Dental Impact on Daily Living questionnaire was used to assess dental satisfaction and impacts of ISFPR on daily living. NEO Five Factor inventory was used to assess participants' personality profiles. Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, and linear regression tests were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: Patients with ISFPR were more satisfied with their dentition than controls ( p < .05). Patients and controls demonstrated different relationships between personality, impacts on daily living, and satisfaction. Neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness had significant relationships with satisfaction and impacts on daily living in both groups ( p < .05). Openness and agreeableness had significant relationships with satisfaction and impacts on daily living in patients' group ( p < .05). Conclusion: ISFPR had positive impacts on participants' daily living and dental satisfaction. Personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and consciousness) impact on daily living and satisfaction with ISFPR, and might predict satisfaction with ISFPR and their impacts on daily living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an answer to a question on the use of ozone in root canal therapy.

The article provides an answer to a question about the use of ozone as a means of caries treatment.

High resolution proton (^{1}H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to simultaneously evaluate the oxidising actions of ozone (O_{3}) towards a wide range of salivary biomolecules in view of its applications in dental practices, which may serve as a viable and convenient means for the treatment of dental caries. Treatment of supernatants derived from unstimulated human saliva specimens (n=12) with O_{3} (4.48 mmol) revealed that this reactive oxygen species gave rise to the oxidative consumption of pyruvate (generating acetate and CO_{2} as products), lactate (to pyruvate and sequentially acetate and CO_{2}), carbohydrates in general (a process generating formate), methionine (giving rise to its corresponding sulphoxide), and urate (to allantoin). Further, minor O_{3}-induced modifications included the oxidation of trimethylamine and 3-D-hydroxybutyrate, the fragmentation of salivary glycosaminoglycans to NMR-detectable saccharide fragments, and the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to their ozonides. Moreover, evidence for the ability of O_{3} to induce the release of selected low-molecular-mass salivary biomolecules from macromolecular binding-sites was also obtained. Since many of the oxidation products detectable in O_{3}-treated samples are identical to those arising from the attack of ^{&bullet;}OH radical on biofluid components, it appears that at least some of the modifications observed here are attributable to the latter oxidant (derived from O_{3}^{&bullet;-} generated from the single electron reduction of O_{3}). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim, background: Oral malodour (halitosis) is generally ascribable to oral microbial putrefaction generating malodorous volatile sulphur compounds which predominantly comprise dihydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan. This study assesses the relative effectiveness of 6 oral health care products in reducing oral cavity volatile sulphur compound concentrations. Method: A mixed model 3-factor factorial experimental design involving 6 volunteers, 7 treatment regimens (products I–VI* and water placebo) and 5 time-points (0.00–5.29 h) was undertaken. Electron-donating volatile sulphur compound levels were determined in triplicate using a sulphide monitor (Interscan model 1170) both prior to (0.00 h) and following oral rinsing (20 ml of 5 of the products) or chewing (2 capsules of the remaining product) episodes with each product examined (0.29, 1.29, 2.29 and 5.29 h post-administration). Results: Results were recorded as peak and steady-state volatile sulphur compound equivalents (ppb). With the exception of one of the products, each oral health care product tested was found to reproducibly reduce volatile sulphur compound concentrations within 20 min of treatment; the mean % decreases in peak (and corresponding steady-state) levels ranging from 3.6 (0.0) to 16.8 (16.4)%. Subsequently, volatile sulphur compound concentrations returned to their zero-control (baseline) values within 5 h, the rate of this regression being in the reverse of the order observed for the magnitude of the primary 20 min reduction for both peak and steady-state measurements. As expected, the water placebo exerted no influence on oral cavity volatile sulphur compound levels. The most effective oral health care products contained admixtures of chlorite anion and chlorine dioxide (both of these agents have the ability to directly oxidise volatile sulphur compounds to non-malodorous products and the latter is also powerfully cidal towards odourigenic micro-organisms). Conclusions: We therefore conclude that oral health care products containing such oxohalogen oxidants may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of oral malodour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 447 primary root-caries lesions from 169 dental patients was studied to determine the relationships between their clinical severity and the number and frequency of isolation of yeasts. Yeasts were isolated more frequently from soft lesions, from lesions at the gingival margin and from lesions deemed to require restoration. These associations may be due to the aciduricity and acido- genicity of yeasts but the relatively low numbers found do not support a pathogenic role for yeasts in the aetiology of root caries: at best they may be marker organisms of the most severe disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 447 primary root-caries lesions from 169 dental patients was studied to determine the relationships between mutans streptococci and the perceived treatment need of primary root-caries lesions. Samples of this altered dentine for microbiological culture were obtained. Lesions were classified into 5 treatment categories: soft and restore, leathery and restore, leathery and debride of caries, leathery and treat chemotherapeutically, and hard, to receive no treatment. The total numbers of mutans streptococci decreased significantly with decreased treatment need. The percentage of mutans streptococci from lesions requiring no treatment was significantly less than from lesions requiring treatment. The frequency of isolation of mutans streptococci was significantly greater from lesions requiring more treatment. Significantly more lesions containing > 10(2) mutans streptococci were distributed in the groups with a greater perceived treatment need or with larger dimensions occluso-gingivally and/or mesio-distally or bucco-lingually or with a closer proximity to the gingival margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many epidemiological studies have been conducted on a variety of populations. Unfortunately, comparison of the prevalence data, and to a lesser degree of the incidence data, between the various studies is of little use due to the lack of standardised diagnostic criteria, reporting methods and population diversity. In the few incidence studies which have been conducted around 30-40% of people developed root caries, although many adults in the population appear to have been affected by root caries. Many risk factors associated with the occurrence of root caries have been identified and these include oral, medical, mental, behavioural and psychosocial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in root caries has grown among dental caries research workers over the past 20 years. However, many studies, either in the fields of microbiology, pathology, epidemiology or clinical trials, have used differing definitions in their diagnosis of root caries. These differences mean that comparison between studies is difficult, if not impossible. Most of the criteria currently in use are neither sufficiently specific to allow the identification of the initial root caries lesion, not detailed enough to assess the progression of lesions. Furthermore, most definitions provide no information on treatment need within the populations studied. In this paper, the criteria which have been used to diagnose root caries, and their individual components -- texture, cavitation. position, size, colour and radiolucency -- are reviewed. It is concluded that there is a need to standardise terminology and definitions used for the diagnosis of root caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe tooth wear is common in older dentate individuals, with one treatment option being composite resin restorations reinforced with a suitable matrix. This study evaluated the use of high modulus polyethylene (Celanese) fibers as a reinforcing matrix for composite resin. Human mandibular incisor teeth were sectioned to simulate severe tooth wear. Sectioned surfaces were measured, the teeth paired and assigned to control or test sample groups, and further assigned to be tested with a labial or lingual shearing force. A phosphorylated dentin bonding adhesive was applied to the abraded dentin surface. Labial and lingual intra-enamel bevel preparations were cut on each specimen. A piece of Celanese fabric was bonded onto the acid-etched labial and lingual bevels of the test specimens using an enamel bonding agent. Class IV composite resin restorations were then placed onto the test and control specimens. Following water storage, the specimens were subjected to shearing forces. Bond strengths for test specimens were significantly greater (p < 0.03) than the controls. Specimens with a labially applied force also had significantly higher bond strengths (p < 0.001). SEM analysis revealed adhesive bond failures over dentin surfaces, with cohesive bond failures within the composite resin. Celanese fibers maintained the restorations on the teeth, although adhesive failures were seen between the fibers and enamel bonding agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth whitening systems are widely used clinically and for home usage. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two bleaching gels, each containing 10 percent and 15 percent carbamide peroxide, respectively, a 'bleaching gel' without carbamide peroxide, and carbamide peroxide alone on the viability of human endothelial cells in vitro in comparison with culture medium that acted as a negative control. The incubation period used was 30 minutes. A colorimetric viability assay (MTT assay) was employed. The results showed that the gel without carbamide peroxide is not cytotoxic compared to the negative control, while carbamide peroxide on its own and 10 percent and 15 percent carbamide peroxide bleaching gels were cytotoxic, but there were no significant differences (p< 0.05) among these latter three test groups. These data indicate that 10 percent and 15 percent carbamide peroxide bleaching gels are cytotoxic and that carbamide peroxide is the component responsible for this cytotoxic effect. This paper also discusses why this in vitro cytotoxic effect appears not to be significant in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on bilateral idiopathic root resorption of upper first premolars. Internal resorption is an unusual form of tooth resorption initiated within the pulp cavity. The resorption may be a slow progressive process extending over one or more years or it may develop rapidly and perforate the tooth within a matter of months. The condition is often painless and is revealed by radiographic examination as a more or less expansive, radiolucent area within the tooth, that is usually clearly delineated.