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With the increase in the proportion of new energy power generation in grids, there is an urgent need for the flexible operation of coal‐fired power plants. However, as the most efficient commercial coal‐fired power generation technology, the flexibility of double‐reheat ultra‐supercritical units is limited due to the steam temperature fluctuation in transient processes. To inhibit the steam temperature fluctuations, a data‐driven method, called long short‐term memory (LSTM) was introduced to model the dynamics of the steam temperatures of a 1000‐MW double‐reheat coal‐fired boiler. Moreover, an advanced controller was proposed by combining the LSTM‐based dynamic model and the model predictive control architecture. The results demonstrate that the LSTM model can be used to capture the time delay, multivariable coupling and non‐linear dynamics of the steam temperatures and the proposed controller exhibits excellent performance in steam temperature regulation. The superheated steam temperature fluctuation decreases from 15.4 to 9.8°C, the primary reheat temperature fluctuation decreases from 34.6 to 8.3°C, and the secondary reheat temperature fluctuation decreases from 41.4 to 8.8°C. The proposed method has good potential to stabilize steam temperatures during transient processes of wide‐range load cycling, and finally improves the flexibility of the double‐reheat ultra‐supercritical unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combustion of a biomass with coal may be one of the most effective methods to improve energy utilisation efficiency. This study aims to investigate the combustion characteristics of distillers' grains with bituminous coal using a thermo‐gravimetric analyser. The results demonstrate that increasing the proportion of distillers' grains in coal results in a reduced ignition temperature (Ti) and burnout temperature (Tb), and activation energy (E) in the combustion stage. Therefore, the comprehensive combustion index (CCI) improves. In an O2/CO2 atmosphere, Ti increased by ∼15°C, while Tb did not change much. However, E and CCI declined relative to an O2/N2 atmosphere. Under the O2/CO2 atmosphere, with an increase in O2 concentration from 10 to 40%, Ti changed over a small range, but Tb declined from 745.8 to 641.4°C, while E and CCI improved. As the heating rate rose from 10 to 30°C/min, the values of Ti decreased (from 281.4 to 244.9°C), but the values of Tb increased significantly (from 662.8 to 745.8°C); the value of E reduced, and CCI also improved. This research could provide useful information as a practical reference for heat and power production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raman spectroscopy and several microstructure analysis techniques have been used to better characterize recently synthesized copper‐cysteamine Cu3Cl(SR)2, where R = CH2CH2NH2. Nanoparticles of this new copper‐cysteamine have been identified as having potential applications in radiation detection and cancer treatment because of the fact that they can be activated by light, X‐rays, ultrasound, and microwave radiation to produce reactive oxygen species. Three samples were grown under different conditions, and their microstructure was examined by using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray scattering, and X‐ray diffraction. The Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared measurements identify numerous Raman active and infrared absorption bonds with wavenumbers ranging from 200 to 3,500 cm−1. Scanning electron microscopy scans show well‐faceted crystals varying in size from approximately 10 nm to 4 μm, energy dispersive X‐ray scattering measurements identify relative elemental composition (C = 48%, N = 37.5%, S = 5%, Cl = 2.6%, Cu = 7%), X‐ray diffraction data show the crystal plane spacing varies from 0.8454 to 0.8616 nm. The microstructure observed for the three samples is consistent with variations in the growth conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a newly emerging and promising modality for cancer treatment, has been extensively investigated but with limited therapeutic outcome because of the absence of highly efficient sonosensitizer. Copper–cysteamine (Cu–Cy), as a new sensitizer, has been reported for oxidative therapy which can be activated with light, X‐ray, or microwave. Herein, for the first time, Cu–Cy nanoparticles are reported as new sonosensitizers for SDT on breast cancer treatment. Upon exposure of Cu–Cy nanoparticles to ultrasound, a large quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated for cancer cell destruction with a high SDT efficiency to induce cell apoptosis and necrosis as observed in vitro. In vivo animal studies show a significant inhibition of tumor growth for the xenografts of 4T1 cancer cells with the combination of 0.75 mg kg−1 Cu–Cy and ultrasound. Overall, the preliminary results show that Cu–Cy nanoparticles can significantly augment the levels of ROS induced by ultrasound, demonstrating Cu–Cy is a new kind of efficient sonosensitzers for SDT applications. Such therapeutic platform by integrating a noninvasive, highly safe, deep‐penetration ultrasound modality. and quickly developed versatile nanosensitizers for tumor eradication will facilitate SDT future clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanosonosensitization by Using Copper-Cysteamine Nanoparticles Augmented Sonodynamic Cancer Treatment GLO:OLV/01dec22:ppsc202200155-fig-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 6 The in vivo ROS generation detected through fluorescence microscopy after different treatment. gl This correction does not change any results or conclusions of the original paper. B 2018 b , I 35 i , 1700378 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201700378 In the original version of Figure 6, the image of US (-) Cu-Cy (+) was mistakenly misplaced. [Extracted from the article]

White light phosphors have many potential applications such as solid-state lighting, full color displays, light source for plant growth, and crop improvement. However, most of these phosphors are rare-earth-based materials which are costly and would be facing the challenge of resource issue due to the extremely low abundance of these elements on earth. A new white color composite consisted of a graphitic-phase nitrogen carbon (g-C3N4) treated with nitric acid and copper-cysteamine Cu3Cl(SR)2 is reported herein. Under a single wavelength excitation at 365 nm, these two materials show a strong blue and red luminescence, respectively. It is interesting to find that the white light emission with a quantum yield of 20% can be obtained by mixing these two self-activated luminescent materials at the weight ratio of 1:1.67. Using a 365 nm near-ultraviolet chip for excitation, the composite produces a white light-emitting diode that exhibits an excellent color rendering index of 94.3. These white-emitting materials are environment friendly, easy to synthesize, and cost-effective. More importantly, this will potentially eliminate the challenge of rare earth resources. Furthermore, a single chip is used for excitation instead of a multichip, which can greatly reduce the cost of the devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J. Zhang, W. Chen, and co‐workers report non‐rare‐earth‐based white light phosphors composed of graphitic nitrogen carbon and copper‐cysteamine on page 6833. These composites exhibit a strong luminescence in the blue and red under ultraviolet single excitation, and are environmentally friendly, easy to synthesize, cost‐effective, and free of rare‐earth elements. These new white light phosphors have a good potential in solid lighting, displays, and crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]