Search

Targeting cancer cells with high specificity is one of the most essential yet challenging goals of tumor therapy. Because different surface receptors, transporters, and integrins are overexpressed specifically on tumor cells, using these tumor cell‐specific properties to improve drug targeting efficacy holds particular promise. Targeted fluorescent prodrugs not only improve intracellular accumulation and bioavailability but also report their own localization and activation through real‐time changes in fluorescence. In this review, efforts are highlighted to develop innovative targeted fluorescent prodrugs that efficiently accumulate in tumor cells in different organs, including lung cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and colorectal cancer. The latest progress and advances in chemical design and synthetic considerations in fluorescence prodrug conjugates and how their therapeutic efficacy and fluorescence can be activated by tumor‐specific stimuli are reviewed. Additionally, novel perspectives are provided on strategies behind engineered nanoparticle platforms self‐assembled from targeted fluorescence prodrugs, and how fluorescence readouts can be used to monitor the position and action of the nanoparticle‐mediated delivery of therapeutic agents in preclinical models. Finally, future opportunities for fluorescent prodrug‐based strategies and solutions to the challenges of accelerating clinical translation for the treatment of organ‐specific tumors are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A versatile method for the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling of amides using highly active, well‐defined, and air‐stable Pd−phosphine precatalysts is reported. Most notably, the method represents the first example of using practical and operationally‐simple Pd(II)−phosphine precatalysts in the emerging amide bond cross‐coupling manifold. The reactions are efficient at 0.10 mol% loading, furnishing biaryl ketones with high chemoselectivity for N−C(O) bond cleavage. This versatile method enables for the first time to achieve Pd−phosphine‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of amides at ppm loading. This C−N cross‐coupling can be used to efficiently furnish pharmaceutical intermediates by orthogonal Pd‐catalyzed cross‐couplings. We fully expect that operationally‐simple [(PR3)2Pd(II)X2] precatalysts as effective triggers for N−C(O) cross‐coupling will be of broad synthetic and catalytic interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) intervention in schools for improving independent task performance in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: We screened relevant studies published up to December 2022 from Web of science, ERIC, PsycINFO and other databases using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify suitable intervention studies for meta‐analysis. Tau‐U effect sizes were calculated for each A‐B comparison extracted from the included experiments. Moderated analyses were conducted to examine the type of intervention (independent variable), intervention target behaviours (dependent variable), participant characteristics, setting characteristics and intervener characteristics. Results: A total of 14 studies (38 participants) met the criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The analysis results showed that TEACCH had a significant intervention effect, and the overall intervention effect size was Tau‐U = 0.85[0.77, 0.91]. There were significant differences in the intervention target behaviour variables (p < 0.01), limited variation in the intervention type variables, but no differences in participant characteristics, setting characteristics and intervenor characteristics. Conclusion: The use of TEACCH is effective in improving independent task completion in children with ASD and provides evidence‐based recommendations for its extended use in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]