Search

Negatively charged drug molecules can be efficiently assembled and controlled on the positively charged micro‐nanoparticle (MNP) surfaces by utilizing the principle of electrostatic attraction. However, designing a system that the positively charged protein factors are efficiently assembled onto the positively charged carriers through leveraging homophilic interactions remains a formidable challenge. In solvents, the interplay between the electrostatic repulsion and the van der Waals attraction among the colloidal MNPs leads to the phenomenon of homophilic attraction described in the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Is there a colloidal system that can be designed to enable the assembly of positively charged protein factors with the positively charged MNPs? Here, a novel photosensitive positive‐positive assembly of drugs is used as carrier, which is named as InGa3@polyvinylpyrrolidone (InGa3@PVP). Under the light excitation with the wavelength of 365 nm, this system exhibits homophilic attraction, enabling efficient assembly of the positively charged entities. This discovery offers a refined theoretical model for the drug delivery applications, facilitating the enhanced control and optimization of the positive‐positive assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pervasive presence of micro/nanoplastics in the environment is a significant threat to ecosystems and human health, demanding effective remediation strategies. Traditional methods for extracting these pollutants from water are often inadequate, typically leaving environmentally harmful residues. In response, this work introduces an innovative approach using reconfigurable and regenerable liquid metal microrobots (LiquidBots) that are magnetically driven to actively sequester micro/nanoplastics from aquatic environments. These LiquidBots utilize a coating of gallium oxide for enhanced adhesion and electrostatic interaction to capture over 80% of nanoplastics present in the solution. Additionally, the LiquidBots can be easily regenerated through sonication, which dislodges captured nanoplastics, allowing the microrobots to be reused. This novel technology offers a highly efficient, adaptable, and sustainable solution to combat the micro/nanoplastic pollution crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials that combine spin‐crossover (SCO) and liquid crystal (LC) behavior have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in technological devices, attributed to their easy processability. Herein, we report three neutral heteroleptic Fe(II) complexes: [Fe(dpa‐C4)2(NCS)2] (1), [Fe(dpa‐C6)2(NCS)2] (2), and [Fe(dpa‐C16)2(NCS)2] (3) (dpa‐Cn=N‐alkyl‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2‐amine; n=4, 6 and 16), which exhibit thermal‐induced spin transition behavior. The transition profiles and temperatures are effectively modulated by the length of the alkyl chains. Longer alkyl chains result in gradual and higher T1/2 values, while the shorter chains lead to abrupt SCO with lower T1/2 (i. e. T1/2=259 K (3) >237 K (2) >211 K (1)). Crystallographic studies reveal the impact of hydrophobic and hydrophilic packing in the crystal lattice, contributing to cooperativity and thereby affecting the SCO behavior. Complex 3 with long alkyl chain substitution, displayed non‐synchronized SCO‐LC behavior due to the thermal motion of the alkyl chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid metal (LM)‐based magnetic fluids have attracted attention due to their rapid magnetic response, flexibility, and maneuverability. However, the nonwettability at the interface between metal particles and LM due to surface energy mismatch makes it challenging for metal particles to penetrate the LM oxide layer. Here, a strategy for mixing magnetic iron particles into LM through a reactive wetting mechanism is proposed. To address the inherent nonwettability at the interface between Fe particles and LM, FeGa2O4 is synthesized as a shell of Fe particles to enhance compatibility between Fe particles and LM. In particular, the wetting behavior of the FeGa2O4 shell on the interface between Fe@FeGa2O4 and LM is explained and validated based on the contact angle theory and density functional theory. Moreover, the mixture of Fe@FeGa2O4 particles into the LM enhances the rheological properties of the composite, effectively overcomes the inherent limitation of the low mechanical strength of LM, and improves the magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties of LM. Furthermore, studies on the adhesion mechanism of LM composites indicate that Fe@FeGa2O4 particles carrying more oxides into LM are crucial factors for adhesion. Given these notable advantages, LM‐based magnetic composites have shown tremendous potential in flexible electronics, soft robotics, and lightweight LM thermal interface materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of artificial intelligence in the field of fluid mechanics has been expanded with the development sophisticated technology to enhance the efficiency, reliability, solve complexities, introduced alternate transformation and enabling more dependable solutions with their analysis. The goal of this study is to investigate the ferromagnetic Powell‐Eyring fluids (FMPEFs) model with non‐Fourier heat flux by using artificial intelligence‐based scheme by exploiting the adaptive nonlinear autoregressive eXogenous (NARX) neuro‐architecture with backpropagation of Levenberg Marquart (LM), that is, NARX‐LM. The developed NARX‐LM methodology applied on synthetic datasets acquired with the help of Adams numerical method for FMPEF system by prudently changing physical quantities that is, material parameters of Eyring Powell, homogeneous reaction, heterogeneous reaction, dimensionless thermal relaxation time, Prandtl number, Schmidt number with fixed values parameter of ferrohydrodynamic interaction, rate of diffusion coefficient. Outcomes of NARX‐LM are regularly overlapping with the numerical results for the FMPEFs system having reasonable small error magnitude for each variant. The proficiency of intelligent computing anticipated on FMPEFs is depicted exhaustively with iterative mean squared error based iconvergence curves, analysis of adaptive controlling factors, error frequency distribution on the histograms, auto‐correlation, and correlation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical field enhancement maximization has been the ultimate objective of applications covering random lasers, spectroscopy, and ‐importantly‐ targeted drug delivery. Consequently, scientists resorted to plasmonic based approaches, which rendered the entire approach inapplicable due to biodegradability concerns. In another work, an experimental realization for a method of magneto‐optical transmission maximization is reported. However, possible limitations on the higher excitation power needed for biomedical applications are still questionable. Furthermore, a comprehensive, quantitative understanding of all material and design related parameters influencing this enhancement is still needed for complete control over possible applications. Therefore, successfully derives a model for the magneto‐optical transmission under a time‐varying 0–4 kHz magnetic field, exhaustively accounting for material and design related phenomena; birefringence of hematite, dissipation, randomness, and anisotropy on the dielectric function, scattering cross‐section, and polarizability, for the first time. The model achieves an accuracy of 99.99% over the band 300–1100 nm and exhausts the model limitations to the decay time constant of Cotton–Mouton co‐effects. The dynamics of the problem are also derived, accounting for the influence of the magnetic field on the viscosity of the ferrofluid, which leads to an in‐depth, required understanding of the magneto‐optic interactions with ferrofluids for efficient applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an easy method for synthesizing ultrafine NixFe1–xFe2O4 nanoparticles with adjustable composition (x = 0–.8), followed by their stabilization into ferrofluids. Structural identification of the crystalline structure, lattice points, and grain boundaries from the broadened diffraction peaks reveal an average crystalline size of the nanoparticles as 10–16.5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy images reveal spherical magnetite nanoparticles with a particle size ranging from 6 to 13 nm, consistent with diffraction studies. In ferrofluids, the NixFe1–xFe2O4 nanoparticles are stabilized in kerosene with oleic acid, a surfactant. Absorbance data of the ferrofluids is seen in the 200–400 nm wavelength region of UV–vis spectra. The magnetic properties of the samples are probed using a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. The synthesized samples exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature (300 K). The saturation magnetization of the samples decreases with an increase in Ni composition (x = 0–.8), ranging from 54 to 28 emu/g. This study explores the magnetic and magneto‐optical properties of NixFe1–xFe2O4 ferrofluids. Magneto‐viscosity of ferrofluids is also studied, and the final application of such ferrofluids in data storage, catalysis, and biomedical applications is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior magneto‐optical transmission models through ferrofluids are limited by oversimplifications which hinder accuracy and generalizability. To overcome this challenge, this study models the magnetic field effect on the magneto‐optical transmission through hematite ferrofluid using the method of invariant embedding. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to extract the changes in the refractive index, enabling a discovery of a magnetodielectric effect for the hematite ferrofluid. To establish a basis for control and understanding, the influence of the magnetic field on the spatial transmission profile at different wavelengths, optical propagation lengths, and the effect of variation of each size parameter on the optical transmission have been investigated. Further parametric studies allowed finding out an analogy to nonuniform, cascade, volume holographic diffraction gratings, which is crucial for a wide range of optical and bioimaging applications. Compared to the experimental results, the presented model achieves 99% accuracy over the wavelength range (300–1100) nm under uniform static magnetic field (0–6.5) mT. Besides, the conspicuous lead of evidentiary understanding of magneto‐optical interactions with magnetic fluids, the structural milestones of the model can be further utilized to model similar challenging constructs in complex media. The innumerable applications of study extend to involve communication engineering, biomedical, optical, and security applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid manipulation using tubular actuators finds diverse applications ranging from microfluidics, printing, liquid transfer to micro‐reactors. Achieving flexible and simple regulation of manipulated liquid droplets during transport is crucial for the tubular liquid actuators to perform complex and multiple functions, yet it remains challenging. Here, a facile tubular actuator for directional transport of various liquid droplets under the control of an externally applied magnetic field is presented. The surfaces of the actuator can be engineered with submillimeter‐sized through‐hole pores, which enables the liquid droplet to be easily modulated in the transport process. Furthermore, the liquid actuator with featured through‐hole pores is expanded to function as a switch in an integrated external electric circuit by magnetically controlling the motion of a conductive liquid droplet. This work develops a strategy for regulating liquid droplets in the tubular actuation systems, which may inspire ideas for designing functional liquid actuators with potential applications in microfluidics, microchemical reaction, liquid switch, and liquid robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial delivery of small‐scale magnetic devices such as microrobots is a key, but often overlooked, aspect for their use in clinical applications. The deployment of these devices within the dynamic environment of the human body presents significant challenges due to their dispersion caused by circulatory flows. Here, a method is introduced to effectively deliver a swarm of magnetic nanoparticles in fluidic flows. This approach integrates a magnetically navigated robotic microcatheter equipped with a reservoir for storing the magnetic nanoparticles. The microfluidic flow within the reservoir facilitates the injection of magnetic nanoparticles into the fluid stream, and a magnetic field gradient guides the swarm through the oscillatory flow to a target site. The microcatheter and reservoir are engineered to enable magnetic steering and injection of the magnetic nanoparticles. To demonstrate this approach, experiments are conducted utilizing a spinal cord phantom simulating intrathecal catheter delivery for applications in the central nervous system. These results demonstrate that the proposed microcatheter successfully concentrates nanoparticles near the desired location through the precise manipulation of magnetic field gradients, offering a promising solution for the controlled deployment of untethered magnetic micro‐/nanodevices within the complex physiological circulatory systems of the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrohydrodynamic pumps, with their compact design, offer a practical and efficient alternative to traditional pneumatic or mechanical pumps for driving microfluidic channels and fluidic devices, eliminating mechanical vibrations. A novel self‐circulating ferrohydrodynamic system has been developed to remotely control fluid flow within a linear acoustic cavity using a laser‐induced photothermal temperature gradient. This system enables the modulation of fluid flow rates in compact channels through adjustments in a D.C. magnetic field or laser‐induced surface temperature changes. Notably, laser intensity can accelerate, decelerate, or reverse flow rates within the channel, influencing ultrasonic waves propagating through fluidic cavities designed to resonate between 500 kHz and 700 kHz. The dynamic nature of the magnetoactive fluid cavity enhances wave‐matter interactions, particularly in acoustic domains. Laser‐induced flow control allows for precise manipulation of ultrasonic wave characteristics such as frequency, amplitude, mode splitting, phase shifting, and unidirectional transmission. This capability also supports the optical regulation of acoustic energy flow rates by halting or reversing fluid motion within the cavity. These advancements hold significant potential for applications in cavity acoustodynamics and underwater signal processing, promising innovations in remote fluidic control and acoustic modulation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) are a subclass of ionic liquids that exhibit paramagnetic properties intrinsically, without the need for additional magnetic particles. These properties can be attributed to the cations, anions, or both. Typically, MILs incorporate transition or inner‐transition metals within the anion structure. These adaptable liquids demonstrate remarkable physicochemical properties, notably a robust response to external magnetic fields. The body of research concerning the synthesis, characterization, and practical applications of MILs has expanded swiftly in recent times. This review delves into the latest research on the synthesis, properties, and utilization of MILs across various domains, including catalysis, fluid‐fluid separation, polymer science, and analytical chemistry. Within the realm of analytical chemistry, MILs are pivotal, serving as solvents in various analytical procedures such as dispersive liquid‐liquid micro‐extraction, matrix solid‐phase dispersion, and single‐drop micro‐extraction. Owing to their paramagnetic nature, MILs are instrumental in the separation process, streamlining organic reactions by obviating the need for traditional extraction or centrifugation steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the electric vehicle market and the ongoing demand for lithium (Li), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) for batteries production requires secondary sources for obtaining these elements. The recycling of Li‐ion batteries involves hydrometallurgical processes with potential environmental implications, hence there is an urgent need for sustainable and more efficient recycling methods. Functionalized colloidal magnetic nanomaterials have gained interest as sorbents as they can selectively bind and remove metal species from waters, allowing their easy recovery through magnetic separation. This work addresses the preparation and evaluation of silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), as alternative materials to recover Co and Ni from aqueous media, after their surface modification with 1‐methyl‐3‐propylimidazolium chloride. The magnetic nanosorbents were fully characterized and the influence of solution pH and amount of ILs on the NPs surface was evaluated. Our research allows us to conclude that IL functionalized magnetic nanoparticles can be explored as an alternative to hydrometallurgical processes for the separation of Co and Ni from alkaline lixiviates of spent lithium‐ion battery (LIB) powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid metal motors are unconventional transformable machines whose motion control is important for microfluidics, drug delivery, and small‐scale robots. Without an external field, aluminum‐fueled liquid metal motors can achieve autonomous propulsion, but the random direction limits their applications. Here, the study reports a fundamental discovery of directionally reversing such liquid metal motors through a rotating magnetic field tuning approach. Systematic experiments reveal that the motor overcomes irregular Brownian motion and the volume limitation of liquid metals in magnetic control. Depending on its volume, the motor exhibits three different responses: moving opposite to the rotating magnet for smaller volumes, spinning in place at medium sizes, and moving with the magnet for larger ones. This phenomenon is attributed to the interaction of electromagnetic remote inductions, electrochemical reactions, and fluid dynamics. Rapidly changing magnetic fields induce currents and Ampere's force in the motor, restricting the locations of chemical reactions. Surface tension gradient and bubble recoil dominate the motion of small motors opposite to the magnet. As practical illustrations, this magnetically controlled motor displays advantages in rapid fluid mixing. Overall, the present finding significantly improves the controllability of liquid metal motors and would generate profound impacts on developing future small soft robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the properties and applications of liquid metals, which are metals with low melting points. Liquid metals, such as gallium, have unique characteristics that make them useful in various fields, including electronics, biomedical devices, energy storage, and catalysis. The special issue on Liquid Metals for Functional Materials features 49 manuscripts that cover different aspects of liquid metal research, including energy and electrochemistry, biomedical and healthcare applications, catalysts and reactions, composites and multiphase materials, electronics and conductors, fabrication and patterning, and interfacial properties. The articles highlight the multidisciplinary nature of liquid metal research and provide insights into future directions in this field. [Extracted from the article]

Magnetic liquid metal (MLM) is a mixture of magnetic particles with gallium‐based liquid metals which utilizes an unconventional combination of fluidity, high thermal/electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and magnetism. Recently, from materials to applications, studies on MLMs have drastically increased. Single or multiple MLMs can be precisely positioned or can act as a carrier for handling other objects. MLMs are also used in biomedical applications such as cancer treatment by hyperthermia and precision delivery of cancer drugs on tumors, or antibacterial coating which kills bacteria. In electronics applications, MLMs are used for magnetic field‐driven patterning of metallic lines, reconfigurable interconnects, electronic tattoos, and reconfigurable electromagnetic wave shielding. Phase change (solid/liquid) of MLMs adds another unique capability, morphing. A combination of innovations in the micro/nano robots and MLMs has huge potential to bring an unprecedented disruptive technology for a wide variety of applications including self‐morphing shape‐recovery robots, highly localized cancer treatment, and reconfigurable stealth/camouflage, among others. This article comprehensively reviews recent developments in MLMs from the materials to methods of preparation, locomotion of MLMs, their applications, and future outlooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear instability of surface waves between viscous–liquid and inviscid‐gas layers is discussed. The two fluids are magnetic and subjected to uniform oblique magnetic field. The gas is subsonic and the viscosity is introduced by viscous potential approximation. The evolution equations near and on the marginal state are derived by means of multiple scales technique. The stability criteria of the waves are obtained by the modulation idea. Many special cases of dispersion equation as well as solvability conditions correspond well the similar ones in the literature. Various numerical applications have been investigated to reveal the parameters effects on the system stability. Linear results show dual influences for magnetic field, sum of inclination angles and permeability ratio whereas the wavelength, gas motion, and inclination angle in the liquid tend to destabilize the flow. Nonlinear applications reveal dual role for the gas thickness, while it has a linear stable‐role. Moreover, nonlinearity shows dual roles for viscosity and liquid thickness, which have no influences according to linear theory. The investigation of stability using nonlinear theory seems more accurate to describe the (un)stable influences comparing with the linear one. The current work may be useful to give more accurate comprehension of stability process as well as to obtain the required conditions of stability by designing suitable devices, which control the model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) has a vital role due to its importance in aerospace and plasma physics, including energy transformation systems in which interaction between the liquid and magnetic field is crucial. Further, micropolar fluids with microstructural slip is used in the lubrication and liquid crystals. From this observation, the current study is conducted to express an EMHD flow of liquid on a microstructural slipped surface. The effects of a uniform heat source/sink (HS/S) with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions have been incorporated in energy and mass profiles. The governing equations are converted to ordinary differential equations using proper similarity variables. The converted equations are computed by the implementation of Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) 4th 5th order with shooting technique. A list of the essential dimensionless constraints and graphs showing how they are affected are provided. The outcome of the problem shows that the electric parameter will improve the velocity but decline the microrotation profile. Further, both heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions have a decreasing concentration. While the heat distribution rate increases with greater magnetic and electric fields, the surface drag force decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we design a decoupled, linear, unconditionally stable and fully discrete numerical scheme for a ferrohydrodynamics system with second‐order temporal accuracy. This scheme is based on a second‐order backward difference formula for time derivative terms and linearization extrapolation for nonlinear terms, which produces a series of decoupled linear equations and solves effectively this nonlinear and multiphysical coupled system. Meanwhile, we show that the scheme is unconditionally stable. Finally, some numerical experiments are provided to verify the theoretical finding and illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanofluid possesses the characteristic of interfering with the propagation of the magnetic field, endowing it with the sensing property in motion. However, the residual adhesion of magnetic nanofluid as it flows over solid surfaces remains an open question. Liquid marbles allow for quantities of liquids to be encapsulated by hydrophobic particles, ensuring a unique nonstick property for utilization in different applications. In this study, being capsuled by hydrophobic nano‐/microscale powders, a magnetic nanofluid‐based liquid marble (MNLM) with well mechanical stability has been fabricated. A magnetic nanofluid posture detector (MNPD), which consists of an MNLM, a magnetic tube, and coils, has been assembled that can convert mechanical energy to electricity as it freely rolls on the solid surface. Gesture recognition can be achieved when combining five MNPDs with fingers. The fabricated MNPD possesses a good signal recognition capability, which can separately distinguish the bending of each finger. Moreover, a variety of language hand gestures with specific meanings (digits, letters, "OK," and "I Love You") can be further recognized through corresponding combinations. The potential of MNPD in the realm of gesture recognition will offer a novel avenue for flexible wearables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to propose a new concept of electric machines that works based on a category of magnetic fluids called "ferrofluids". For this purpose, a disc‐shaped rotor filled with ferrofluid material is employed instead of a common rotor of an axial‐flux machine, and the conceptual design of the new machine named here "axial‐flux ferrofluid electric machine (FFEM)" is presented. The operation principle of the FFEM is described and a dynamic‐transient model built on the d–q axes equivalent circuits is presented. Simulations are carried out by applying the given model in MATLAB and the results are investigated in different operating conditions. In order to identify the basic parameters and validate the simulation results, a prototype of the FFEM has been designed and manufactured, and some preliminary functional tests have been performed on the prototype. All simulation and experimental results indicate some distinguished excellent performances of the new machine. In the end, it can be stated briefly with some confidence that ferrofluid electric machines can have a high potential for future research and applications in various industries due to the simplicity of the structure, self‐starting capability, ability to work at a wide range of speeds and a flat torque profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a list of sources for vacuum-related products and services, including contact information for various companies. It is a valuable resource for researchers and individuals interested in vacuum technology. The given text includes contact information for a company or individual named Druschke, as well as a mention of Nicole Schramm. However, the specific services or products offered by Druschke are not provided in the text. [Extracted from the article]

Accurate thermoelastic properties and thermal conductivity are crucial for understanding the thermal evolution of the Martian core. A fitting method based on ab initio calculated pressure‐volume‐temperature data was proposed for the formulation of the equation of state with high accuracy, by which the pressure and temperature dependent thermoelastic properties can be directly calculated by definitions. Ab initio results showed that Fe0.75S0.25 liquid under Martian core conditions was thoroughly in a magnetic state without existing spin crossover. The Fe0.75S0.25 liquid in magnetic calculations had a low thermal conductivity (21–23 W/m/K) when compared with non‐magnetic calculations at the same state. Based on Insight's estimated Martian core properties (Stähler et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7730) and ab initio calculated properties of the Fe0.75S0.25 liquid, the scenario for the thermal evolution of the Martian core is the iron‐snow model crystallization regime. The parameter uncertainty effect on the cessation time of the dynamo and zone of iron snow was systematically analyzed. Plain Language Summary: The knowledge of the density and thermoelastic properties of the Martian core is very limited. The thermoelastic properties of Fe0.75S0.25 liquid under Martian core conditions were calculated by ab initio molecular dynamics, and the thermal evolution of the Martian core was modeled by the thermoelastic properties and the reported Insight data (Stähler et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7730). The Fe0.75S0.25 liquid under the Martian core condition is magnetic and its thermal conductivity is 21–23 W/m/K. If the temperature at the core‐mantle boundary is higher than the core's melting temperature, the Martian core is entirely liquid with simple cooling. If the temperature is lower than the melting temperature, there exists iron snow at the top of the Martian core at present. The parameter uncertainty on the effect of the iron snow evolution of the Martian core was explored. Key Points: The thermoelastic properties were calculated by the polynomial fitted equation of stateThe Fe0.75S0.25 liquid under the Martian core condition was thoroughly in the magnetic stateThe Fe0.75S0.25 liquid in magnetic calculation had a low thermal conductivity (21–23 W/m/K) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some supramolecular polyacrylate‐based liquid crystal polymers (PLCPs) were prepared by polyacrylic acid, a liquid crystal monomer and 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid. Series of magnetic liquid crystal particles (Fe3O4@PLCPs) with core‐shell structure were prepared by modifying surface of magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 by the PLCPs. The Fe3O4@PLCPs showed a saturation magnetization strength above 51.17 emu/g, which is similar to pure magnetic Fe3O4, indicating good magnetism and magnetic field dependence. Series of magnetorheological fluids were fabricated by Fe3O4@PLCPs (using as dispersed phase) and silicone oil (using as carrier liquid). The effects of mesogen, magnetic particle, and the polymer matrix on magnetorheological performance and settling stability were investigated. The magnetorheological fluid based on 10% Fe3O4@PLCP‐1 showed the best performance at an applied magnetic field of 100 mT in this study. Furthermore, the magnetorheological fluids showed excellent settling stability because the density of Fe3O4@PLCPs was lower than that of Fe3O4. The Fe3O4@PLCPs‐based fluids presented certain application potential in the field of magnetic fluid due to the excellent magnetorheological effect and settling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document titled "Bezugsquellen: Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis 1/2024" is a list of suppliers and resources related to vacuum technology. It provides contact information for companies that offer products, services, and equipment in various areas of vacuum technology. The aim of the document is to assist researchers and practitioners in finding relevant resources in this field. The list includes companies that manufacture vacuum components, provide consulting services, and offer vacuum pumps and gauges. It also includes companies specializing in special vacuum plants and chambers. Contact information such as phone numbers, email addresses, and websites are provided for each company. [Extracted from the article]

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are magnetic responsive smart materials that are widely used in real‐time damping adjustment devices. However, a major challenge for MR fluids is balancing the constraints relationship among various key performances. This study demonstrates that by utilizing home‐made high saturation magnetization (208.0 emu g−1) nanoparticles as the second component in the preparation of cross‐scale bidisperse MR fluids, the shortcomings of monodisperse micron particles performance can be compensated, effectively balancing the relationship between various performances. This is attributed to the fact that the addition of nanoparticles enhances the density of chain structures under an applied magnetic field, while reducing the overall particle density without a magnetic field. By replacing part of micron particles with nanoparticles, the phenomenon of significant increase in zero‐field viscosity caused by the direct introduction of nanoparticles is avoided. The optimal content of nanoparticles in MR fluids is preliminarily explored, and the results indicate that Micro‐Nano bidisperse MR fluids exhibit a high dynamic yield strength (58.3 kPa when 436 kA m−1), excellent sedimentation stability (82.6% when 7 days), suitable zero‐field viscosity (1.25 Pa s when 100 s−1), and ideal reversibility. Most importantly, the simple preparation method adds significant engineering application value to these MR fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the effects of nonhomogeneous magnetic fields in liquid metal flows in two different configurations. In the first configuration, we briefly report the impact of fringing magnetic fields in a turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection setup, where it was shown that the global heat transport decreases with an increase of fringe‐width. The convective motion in regions of strong magnetic fields is confined near the sidewalls. In the second configuration, we numerically study the effects of an oscillating magnetic obstacle with different frequencies of oscillation on liquid metal flow in a duct. The Reynolds number is low such that the wake of the stationary magnetic obstacle is steady. The transverse oscillation of the magnet creates a sinusoidal time‐dependent wake reminiscent of the vortex shedding behind solid obstacles. We examine the behavior of the streamwise and spanwise components of the Lorentz forces as well as the work done by the magnets on the fluid. The frequency of the oscillation of the streamwise component of Lorentz force is twice that of the spanwise component as in the case of lift and drag on solid cylindrical obstacles. The total drag force and the energy transferred from the magnets to the fluid show a nonmonotonic dependence on the frequency of oscillation of the magnetic obstacle indicative of a resonant excitation of the sinusoidal vortex shedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one is a valuable ketone compound, which is an important (±)‐cuparene and filicinic acid intermediate, but the synthetic method of 4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one is rarely mentioned in the marketplace. This article, a new method is proposed for the preparation of 4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one in high yield by selective catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose with FeCl3‐doped [Bmim]OTf magnetic ionic liquids. By studying the effect of temperature on the yield of pyrolysis products in [Bmim]OTf, the results showed that the optimal pyrolysis temperature of cellulose in [Bmim]OTf was 330°C and the maximum relative content of 4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one was 86.81%. In addition, different FeCl3/[Bmim]OTf mass ratios were found at 330°C. The relative yield of the target product reached a maximum (91.31%) when iron ions with excellent catalytic activity were introduced, at which the FeCl3/[Bmim]OTf mass ratio was 10%. At last, based on the basic model of cellulose monomer, the evolution pathway of ketones products was proposed, which provides ideas for the production of sustainable chemical products from cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic pore fabrics (MPFs) are a promising approach to explore the 3D pore space of rocks. There exist empirical relationships between the orientation, degree, and shape of MPF with pore space geometry and permeability anisotropy. Nevertheless, the precise nature of these relationships remains elusive. A common assumption in MPF studies is that ferrofluid uniformly fills the pore space, establishing a constant nanoparticle density and magnetic properties in space and time. However, this assumption is challenged by observations of particle sedimentation and time-dependent magnetic properties, which render the quantitative interpretation of MPFs challenging. This study explores the physical and chemical stability of ferrofluid, mobility of particles after impregnation, and the magnetic properties of impregnated rocks over time. Water-based ferrofluids are physically more stable than oil-based ferrofluids, though with higher magnetic variability. In impregnated rock, magnetic nanoparticles display a certain degree of mobility, resulting in changes in MPF degree and shape. When ferrofluid is mixed with epoxy, particles are less mobile, though some changes were observed both during polymerization and aging. The susceptibility of ferrofluid-epoxy mixtures is lower than for ferrofluid and carrier liquid at the same concentration. Interestingly, the susceptibility of impregnated rock increases over time, regardless of the ferrofluid used for the impregnation. Understanding and controlling these processes will enhance the reliability of MPF interpretations and increase the applicability of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining magnetic materials with environmentally sensitive polymers to develop intelligent magnetic fluids that respond to external stimuli has become a new research hotspot. At present, the bottlenecks in the development of temperature‐sensitive materials are the complex composition, and its properties in different laboratories vary greatly. Moreover, despite extensive research on magnetic fluids, there remains a dearth of systematic investigation into temperature‐sensitive intelligent magnetic fluids. In this study, we utilized a UV‐visible spectrophotometer to measure the change in transmittance of different magnetic fluid solutions with temperature variation. We systematically investigated the effects of the magnetic fluid dispersion medium, size and concentration of magnetic nanoparticles, type and viscosity of cellulose on the temperature sensitivity of the magnetic fluid. We found that compared with Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) (type I), HPMC (type II) modified magnetic fluid has better stability and a higher phase transition temperature. Moreover, with the increase of the concentration of magnetic fluid, the phase transition temperature is higher. In addition, the lower the viscosity of HPMC‐modified magnetic fluid, the better the stability and the higher the phase transition temperature. We also studied the mechanism of temperature sensitivity, and the results showed that hydrogen bond interactions play an important role. This research will facilitate the use of temperature‐sensitive smart magnetic fluids for biomedical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐liquid molding can be used to transform a liquid into free‐form solid constructs, while maintaining internal fluidity. Traditional biological scaffolds, such as cured pre‐gels, are normally processed in solid state, sacrificing flowability and permeability. However, it is essential to maintain the fluidity of the scaffold to truly mimic the complexity and heterogeneity of natural human tissues. Here, this work molds an aqueous biomaterial ink into liquid building blocks with rigid shapes while preserving internal fluidity. The molded ink blocks for bone‐like vertebrae and cartilaginous‐intervertebral‐disc shapes, are magnetically manipulated to assemble into hierarchical structures as a scaffold for subsequent spinal column tissue growth. It is also possible to join separate ink blocks by interfacial coalescence, different from bridging solid blocks by interfacial fixation. Generally, aqueous biomaterial inks are molded into shapes with high fidelity by the interfacial jamming of alginate surfactants. The molded liquid blocks can be reconfigured using induced magnetic dipoles, that dictated the magnetic assembly behavior of liquid blocks. The implanted spinal column tissue exhibits a biocompatibility based on in vitro seeding and in vivo cultivating results, showing potential physiological function such as bending of the spinal column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation of the heat transfer of Newtonian fluid flow through coaxial two pipes with variable radius ratio has been conducted with the boundary conditions of forced convection on the inner pipe walls and a radius magnetic field. This paper presents an exact analytical solution to the momentum equation and a novel semi‐analytic collocation method for solving the full‐term energy equation that takes Joule heating into account as well as viscous dissipation. Based on the results of the numerical fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method, it was found that increasing the magnetic parameter decreased the amount of friction on the surface of the pipe walls and the rate of heat transfer. As the radius ratio of the two pipes increases, so does the skin friction and heat transfer rate on the internal pipe walls. As Eckert (Ec) and Prandtl (Pr) numbers increase, the mean temperature as well as the dimensionless temperature between the two pipes increases. The increase in Biot number (Bi) has the opposite impact on the mean temperature. As Ec, Pr, and Bi increase, so does the rate of heat transfer on the inner wall of the pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prompted by the advancements in hybrid bio‐nano‐swirling magnetic bioreactors, a mathematical model for the swirling flow from a rotating disk bioreactor to a magnetic fluid saturating a porous matrix and containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic micro‐organisms has been developed. An axial magnetic field is administered which is perpendicular to the disk and Hall currents are included. The disk is assumed to be impervious and stretches in the radial direction with a power‐law velocity. The Buongiorno nanoscale, Kuznetsov bioconvection and Darcy porous media models are deployed. Anisotropic momentum, thermal, nanoparticle concentration and motile micro‐organism slip effects are incorporated. Stefan blowing is also simulated. The governing conservation equations are transformed with appropriate variables to ordinary nonlinear differential equations. MATLAB bvp4c shooting quadrature is used to solve the emerging nonlinear, coupled ordinary differential boundary value problem under transformed boundary conditions. Verification with earlier solutions for the non‐magnetic Von Karman bioconvection nanofluid case is conducted. Further validation of the general magnetic model is conducted with the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Extensive visualization of velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration and motile microorganism density number profiles is presented for the impact of various parameters including magnetic interaction parameter, Hall current parameter, Darcy number, momentum slip, thermal slip, nanoparticle slip and microorganism slip. Computations are also performed for skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and motile micro‐organism density number gradient. The simulations provide a useful benchmark for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated control circuits with multiple computation functions are essential for soft robots to achieve diverse complex real tasks. However, designing compliant yet simple circuits to embed multiple computation functions in soft electronic systems above the centimeter scale is still a tough challenge. Herein, utilizing smooth cyclic motions of magnetic liquid metal droplets (MLMD) in specially designed and surface‐modified circulating channels, a soft reconfigurable circulator (SRC) consisting of three simple and reconfigurable basic modules is described. Through these modules, MLMD can utilize their conductivity and extreme deformation capabilities to transfer their simple cyclic motions as input signals to programmable electrical output signals carrying computing information. The obtained SRCs make it possible for soft robots to perform complex computing tasks, such as logic, programming, and self‐adaptive control (a combination of programming and feedback control). Following, a digital logic‐based grasping function diagnosis, a locomotion reprogrammable soft car, and a self‐adaptive control‐based soft sorting gripper are demonstrated to verify SRCs' capabilities. The unique attributes of MLMD allow complex computations based on simple configurations and inputs, which provide new ways to enhance soft robots' computing capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of magnetic dipole, porosity and heat transfer on the flow of ferromagnetic Walter‐B fluid past a curved stretching sheet is investigated with the gyrotactic microorganisms motion and cubic autocatalysis chemical reactions. The momentum, energy, homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reactions and gyrotactic microorganisms motion equations, form the problem's governing equations, which are transformed into non‐linear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations and are solved using an efficient and strong technique namely homotopy analysis method. The effects of the parameters under consideration on dimensionless velocity, temperature, homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction, and motile microorganisms are graphically depicted and discussed in detail. Velocity decreases with the increasing values of curvature parameter while the magnetic dipole effect and Curie temperature parameter increase the heat transfer. The homogeneous chemical reaction and the motile density of microorganisms are enhanced with the rising values of elasticity and ferromagnetic interaction parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing interest in epidermal patches for wearable monitoring makes it urgent to move toward "greener" and recyclable materials in printed electronics. However, combining scalable fabrication, stretchable function, and recyclable material architecture is challenging to achieve. Herein, this article introduces a printable biphasic liquid metal (LM)‐based composite that combines excellent electrical conductivity, high stretchability, low‐electromechanical gauge factor, printability, sinter‐free functionality, and compatibility with heat‐sensitive substrates, thanks to the sinter‐free formulation. The novel eutectic gallium indium LM‐nickel‐styrene‐isoprene (SIS) thermoplastic elastomer composite takes advantage of a "greener" solvent composed of a mixture of methyl acetate, cyclohexane, and 4‐chlorobenzotrifluoride compared to the toluene used in block copolymers (BCPs). Furthermore, it replaces the costly micron‐sized silver flake filler particles with nickel, a lower‐cost alternative that enables facile recyclability by using a magnetic force. The use of BCPs with non‐permanent physical cross‐links enables the possibility of recycling. A green route is shown for recycling the composite, using only bio‐friendly acids and daily used products such as sugar and Epsom salt. The application of these composites is shown through the digital printing of stretchable circuits and magnetic switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isolation and analysis of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (T‐EVs) are important for clinical cancer management. Here, we develop a fluid multivalent magnetic interface (FluidmagFace) in a microfluidic chip for high‐performance isolation, release, and protein profiling of T‐EVs. The FluidmagFace increases affinity by 105‐fold with fluidity‐enhanced multivalent binding to improve isolation efficiency by 13.9 % compared with a non‐fluid interface. Its anti‐adsorption property and microfluidic hydrodynamic shear minimize contamination, increasing detection sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. Moreover, its reversibility and expandability allow high‐throughput recovery of T‐EVs for mass spectrometric protein analysis. With the chip, T‐EVs were detected in all tested cancer samples with identification of differentially expressed proteins compared with healthy controls. The FluidmagFace opens a new avenue to isolation and release of targets for cancer diagnosis and biomarker discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a combination of microwave‐assisted extraction with magnetic ionic liquid–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction of chloramine–T from fish samples. In this method, the sample was mixed with a hydrochloric acid solution and exposed to microwave irradiations. By doing so, chloramine–T was converted to p–toluenesulfonamide and extracted from the sample into an aqueous phase. Then, a mixture of acetonitrile (as a dispersive solvent) and magnetic ionic liquid (as an extraction solvent) was rapidly injected into the obtained solution. In the following, the magnetic solvent droplets including the extracted analytes were isolated from the aqueous solution in the presence of an external magnetic field and after diluting with acetonitrile injected into high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector. Under the optimum extraction conditions, high extraction recovery (78%), low limits of detection (7.2 ng/g) and quantification (23.9 ng/g), good repeatability (relative standard deviations ≤5.8 and 6.8% for intra– and inter‐day precisions, respectively), and wide linear range (23.9–1000 ng/g) were obtained. Finally, various fish samples marketed in Tabriz city (East Azarbaijan, Iran) were analyzed with the suggested method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed convection of ferrofluid in square configurations having various iso‐perimetric shaped obstacles has been investigated for fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The iso‐perimetric shapes are allowed to vary in size and tested at three different vertical positions subject to adiabatic and isothermal conditions. Simulations have been carried out for various choices of controlling parameters using the higher order mixed finite element method. In particular, the higher order and stable finite element pair of cubic and quadratic (ℙ3/ℙ2$$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{P}}}_3/{\mathrm{\mathbb{P}}}_2 $$) approximations on the hybrid grid is utilized to achieve the discretization of the governing non‐dimensional equations of mass, momentum and energy. The adaptive Newtons method is chosen to solve the discrete system of nonlinear equations. The present solver has been tested against a well‐known open source finite element analysis tool (FEAT2) and published results in the literature. The impact of governing parameters is investigated in the ranges as nanoparticles volume fraction ϕ(0%≤ϕ≤15%$$ \phi\ \Big(0\%\le \phi \le 15\% $$), the Richardson number Ri(0.01≤Ri≤5)$$ Ri\ \left(0.01\le Ri\le 5\right) $$, the perimeter of the obstacle Γ(0.2π≤Γ≤0.6π)$$ \Gamma\ \left(0.2\pi \le \Gamma \le 0.6\pi \right) $$, and positions of the obstacles C(0.25≤C≤0.75)$$ C\ \left(0.25\le C\le 0.75\right) $$. It is concluded that an increase in the perimeter of the inner obstacles causes a weakness in the fluid flow while a good thermal enclosure is obtained. Moreover, the isothermal obstacles enhance the average Nusselt number more than the adiabatic obstacles in all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic pore fabrics (MPFs) serve as efficient proxy for pore alignment and preferential flow directions. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of impregnated samples reflects the shape and arrangement of ferrofluid‐filled pores. Reliable interpretation requires that the entire connected pore space is reached by ferrofluid. This study investigates impregnation efficiencies of various methods (standard vacuum, pressure injection, magnetic flowthrough, and resin impregnation) and ferrofluids (water‐based versus oil‐based) on sandstone and calcarenite with different wettabilities. Mass‐based and susceptibility‐based impregnation efficiencies further evaluate the influence of impregnation time and flow rate. Because directional impregnation may introduce artificial fabrics, mutually perpendicular cores were measured, and subsamples served to capture spatial variability. Impregnation efficiencies vary between <1% and >100%, with resin impregnation and pressure injection using oil‐based ferrofluids being least efficient. Oil‐based ferrofluid generally leads to lower susceptibility‐based compared to mass‐based impregnation efficiencies, suggesting particle filtering. Water‐based ferrofluids show larger ranges of susceptibility‐based compared to mass‐based impregnation efficiencies. In particular, impregnation efficiencies >100% exclusively occur for susceptibility‐based impregnation efficiencies of water‐based ferrofluid, using either standard vacuum or pressure injection methods. MPFs after magnetic flowthrough impregnation reflect the impregnation direction rather than pore fabric. A major challenge is to apply enough force to reach sufficiently high impregnation efficiencies without creating MPFs that do not represent pore fabrics. While we cannot define a best practice for ferrofluid impregnation yet, this study improves our understanding of the impregnation process, and provides experimental procedures to identify artifacts. Plain Language Summary: The details of a rock's pore space define how fluids move from pore to pore, and is thus important for groundwater or oil flow. One simple and efficient way to describe pore space properties and predict flow directions is using magnetic methods. For this, pores are filled with a strongly magnetic fluid, a so‐called ferrofluid, and then the magnetic properties of the impregnated rock are measured as a function of measurement direction. Two prerequisites to obtain reliable results are that a large part of the pores is invaded by the ferrofluid, and that the pore space remains intact during the experiment. When more force is applied, the chances that pores are filled become higher, but at the same time also the risk of creating artificial fabrics increases. Here, various methods and ferrofluid types are tested on rocks with different properties. There is no single best method; however, the results presented here help increase our understanding of the impregnation process. Key Points: Impregnation efficiency of standard vacuum, pressure injection, magnetic flowthrough, and resin impregnation was determinedMagnetic flowthrough impregnation introduces artificial fabrics where the maximum susceptibility reflects impregnation directionNeed to check for impregnation artifacts by testing impregnation efficiencies and MPFs of perpendicular cores [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of current work is to explore the initial working of 2D ferrofluid flow passing over an elastic sheet with effects of magnetic dipole. Sutterby fluid model is under discussion along with ferrofluids which have been studied with focus on heat and mass transfer, including thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. The particular flow design was preferred because of its common use in numerous fields such as biomedicine and engineering. In this paper, the effects of magnetic dipoles as well as thermal radiation for stretching surface in ferromagnetic fluids flow are deliberated. Moreover, the transport mechanism of heat and mass are accounted in view of stratifications and convective conditions. In this study we investigated the nonlinear Partial differential equations (PDEs) by use of some suitable similarity transformations; however, after that these Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were analyzed numerically by using bvp4c approach. Results of viscous dissipation, Curie temperature and effects of thermal radiation on the velocity, temperature and concentration are also under consideration. Additionally, velocities, thermal gradients as well as mass transport rates are analyzed pictorially after that certain results are concluded. The major findings of this study depend on the consequence of control parameters on thermal field, momentum, and concentration. It is observed that the temperature of the magneto‐fluid increases for higher values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion interaction as well as Curie temperature parameters. The concentration distribution of ferrofluid represents an opposite trend for thermophoresis and Brownian motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room‐temperature liquid metals, such as galinstan, have become an emerging material in electronics requiring stretchability and deformability due to its excellent fluidity and conductivity. Eutectic gallium‐indium‐tin (galinstan)‐based composites with certain metallic fillers can obtain magnetism. However, the alloying reaction between galinstan and metals leads to the solidification and reduction in stability of the composite. In this study, Ni@SiO2 nanoparticles with the core–shell structure are used as fillers and galinstan as matrix. The obtained galinstan‐Ni@SiO2 paste is fairly stable and this is attributed to the silica shell, which acts as a barrier to isolate the direct contact between the Ni and galinstan. In addition, flexible circuits composed of as‐prepared galinstan‐Ni@SiO2 pastes are fabricated, which exhibited outstanding durability, retrievability, and self‐healing ability under the drive of magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A semi‐active T‐type micromixer is designed to intensify micromixing by actuating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Five permanent magnets in a zig‐zag arrangement are located next to the mixing channel of the micromixer to apply the magnetic field to the fluid flow. Micromixing performance is considered in terms of the segregation index (XS) by the Villermaux/Dushman reaction test. The effects of magnetic flux intensity (B = 380–500 mT), the concentration of MNPs (φ = 0.002–0.01 [w/v]), and flow rate ratios on XS and pressure drop are investigated. By increasing MNPs concentration from φ = 0.002–0.008 (w/v), XS decreased and the rise in φ up to 0.008 (w/v) has not been significant on XS. Maximum mixing efficiency (i.e., minimum XS = 0.0088) is achieved for B = 500 mT and φ = 0.01 (w/v). By applying the magnetic field, the mixing performance increased due to the motion of MNPs, but its negative effect is an increase in the pressure drop along the micromixer reactor. Generally, with the formation of MNPs barriers inside the mixing channel, the main fluid flows through these layers and creates the sinusoidal flow paths compared to no magnetic field conditions, and thus, a superior mixing efficiency could be attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the 3D inhomogeneous incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system. By the assumption of the smallness of initial velocity and magnetic fluids in the critical Besov space, the local and global well‐posedness of 3D inhomogeneous incompressible equations is obtained. It improves some previous results of MHD equations by generalizing the range of exponent p$$ p $$ in Besov spaces B˙p,13/p−1$$ {\dot{B}}_{p,1}^{3/p-1} $$ with 1

Owing to their unique surface chemistry, room‐temperature pseudoliquidity, and high electrical conductivity, gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) exhibit multifunctionality. To grant deformable and self‐flowing characteristics to LMs, magnetic particles are incorporated for precisely controlling the LM motion and shape deformability. However, LM surface‐adhesion and corrosivity hinders the integration of LMs into complex circuits and devices owing to potential alloying with other metals and contamination of their surroundings. In this study, a highly conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene)‐encapsulated magnetic LM (MX–MLM) is developed using a feasible fabrication method. The MX–MLM comprises magnetic particles suspended within its core and self‐assembled MXene flakes on the surface to maintain the nonwettability and high electrical conductivity of a liquid droplet. The noncorrosivity and increased magnetism of the MX–MLM enable nonstick magnetic‐field‐induced locomotion and shape deformation on various surfaces including metals, oxides, and polymers. Furthermore, the MX–MLM exhibits recyclability and magnetic‐field‐induced self‐healing. To demonstrate its functionality, the MX–MLM is employed as a magnetointeractive, shape‐deformable, and locomotive top gate electrode in a transistor fabricated using a ferroelectric polymer gate insulator. The device exhibits excellent magnetointeractive synaptic capability for detecting and learning 3D path information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The field‐induced ordering of concentrated ferrofluids based on spherical and cuboidal maghemite nanoparticles is studied using small‐angle neutron scattering, revealing a qualitative effect of the faceted shape on the interparticle interactions as shown in the structure factor and correlation lengths. Whereas a spatially disordered hard‐sphere interaction potential with a short correlation length is found for ∼9 nm spherical nanoparticles, nanocubes of a comparable particle size exhibit a more pronounced interparticle interaction and the formation of linear arrangements. Analysis of the anisotropic two‐dimensional pair distance correlation function gives insight into the real‐space arrangement of the nanoparticles. On the basis of the short interparticle distances found here, oriented attachment, i.e. a face‐to‐face arrangement of the nanocubes, is likely. The unusual field dependence of the interparticle correlations suggests a field‐induced structural rearrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]