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Objectives: To conduct a systematic review on the translucency of bulk‐fill (BF) composite materials, evaluating the factors influencing it and its clinical implications. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed on four databases (Embase, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for articles published until October 2, 2023. Search terms were: "translucency," "translucency parameter," "contrast," "contrast ratio," "bulk," "bulk‐fill," "bulk fill," "composite," "resin," "resin based," "resin‐based," "restoration," and "dental." In vitro studies, written in English language, investigating BF resin‐based composites translucency were included. The risk of bias was performed with the RoBDEMAT tool. Results: Of 590 screened articles, 13 were included in this review. They investigated 11 high‐viscosity BF and 5 low viscosity ones. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta‐analysis. Conclusions: BF materials exhibit variability in translucency due to variations in experimental designs and the heterogeneous composition. Clinical Significance: BFs may behave differently in masking the substrate or in blending capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To conduct a scoping review on color stability of bulk‐fill compared to conventional resin‐based composites exposed to colored beverages. Materials and Methods: In vitro studies, investigating bulk‐fill resin‐based composites color stability submitted to artificial staining by colored beverages were included. Studies investigating color change induced by smoke and whitening treatments as well as papers not written in English language were excluded. A systematic search, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was performed on four databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) for articles published until October 01st 2022. The study selection was then performed by two authors who screened the abstracts independently and followed the JBI approach. Results: Of 717 screened abstracts, 59 were selected for full‐text analysis. Finally, 19 studies were included in this review. They investigated 19 different bulk‐fill composites and different artificial‐staining‐by‐liquids‐protocols including coffee, red wine, tea, coke, and others. Seven papers reported higher color change in the investigated bulk fill materials than in conventional resin‐based composites, while nine studies reported the opposite. SonicFill showed the highest color stability for most of the papers. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that bulk‐fill materials show variability in color stability. This behavior can be attributed to the heterogeneity of composition and staining procedures in the selected studies. Clinical Significance: Clinicians should keep in mind that bulk‐fill materials may change color when exposed to colorant drinks or food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To conduct a systematic review on color stability of dental resin‐based composites (RBC) exposed to conventional and electronic cigarettes. Materials and Methods: In vitro studies reporting on the color stability of RBC exposed to conventional cigarettes or to e‐cigarettes: both Tobacco Heating Systems (THS) and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). The quality of the included studies was assessed with the QUIN tool (risk‐of‐bias tool for assessing in vitro studies conducted in dentistry). A systematic search, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) was performed on four (n = 4) databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) for articles published until March 28th, 2022. Results: Of the 365 screened articles, 13 were included in this review. All the included articles analyzed conventional cigarette smoke (CS), four analyzed Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and two Tobacco Heating Systems (THS). In terms of study design, smoke exposure time, smoke flow, type and number of cigarettes a high variability was reported. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that CS smoke significantly affects color stability. Electronic cigarettes show less color change that seems to be easily recovered under clinical acceptability thresholds, although evidence is scarce. Clinical Significance: Clinicians should be aware, and should therefore warn their patients, that RBCs are subjected to irreversible color change if exposed to smoke. Electronic cigarettes (both ENDS and THS) induce less color change that can be recovered with repolishing or whitening procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]