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Objective Recently independent studies, including genome-wide scans, have shown that variation in the fat mass and obesity associated gene ( FTO) were significantly associated with obesity in populations of European origin. Design and methods In this study we examined the association between rs9939609 FTO variant and obesity related parameters in a population based-study of 732 unrelated individuals (46·9% males and 53·1% females; ages 35–74 years) from the province of Segovia in Central Spain (Castille). Results The AA genotype was significantly more frequent in obese individuals (defined as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 207; 80 males and 127 females) than in non-obese (19·9% vs. 13·7%, P = 0·026). In addition to increased obesity, AA homozygous individuals had higher waist circumference than individuals with AT heterozygous and TT homozygous genotypes. The minor A-allele of rs9939609 was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for obesity [OR 1·51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·10–2·12] as compared to the TT genotype. This difference was also statistically significant even after the adjustment for sex and age (OR 1·46, 95% CI 1·02–2·07). Conclusions Our results support the association of FTO gene variants with obesity, including parameters of visceral (abdominal) obesity, in an adult general population from Spain. Overall we confirm the previously reported association studies between variants in FTO gene and the risk of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of several metabolic disorders, is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), originally described as a plasma cell allo-antigen and named plasma cell membrane glycoprotein (PC-1), is an inhibitor of insulin-induced activation of the insulin receptor. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) K121Q in the ENPP1 gene has been studied in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and other features of MS in several populations with conflicting results. We therefore investigate the role of the K121Q SNP in the ENPP1 gene in MS in Caucasians from the province of Segovia in Central Spain (Castille). Design and methods We recruited 794 unrelated persons (46·5% males and 53·5% females), ages 35–74 years from a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey in the province of Segovia in Central Spain (Castille). Obesity-related anthropometric measurements included BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and lipid profile. MS was defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines. K121Q PC-1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The 121Q allele was associated with an increased BMI and waist circumference among subjects fulfilling the criteria for MS. These differences remained statistically significant even after the adjustment for sex, age and degree of glucose tolerance (β = 1·347, P = 0·017 and β = 2·824, P = 0·046; for BMI and waist circumference, respectively). Moreover, among type 2 diabetic patients those carrying the 121Q allele had higher BMI and higher leptin levels than subjects carrying the K121K genotype. Conclusions Our results suggest that the ENPP1121Q allele might contribute to the genetic susceptibility to abdominal obesity among subjects with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a study on which obesity index can explain the prevalence differences in patients with type 2 diabetes in Mexico, Spain and Texas. Body mass index (BMI) is higher among Mexican-American men while waist circumference was higher among men in San, Antonio, Texas. Height correlated with age in men and women in Mexico City and Spain. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for BMI was smaller than any other indices.