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Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are kind of easily fabricated and low‐cost light‐emitting devices that can efficiently convert electric power to light energy. Compared with blue and green LECs, the performance of deep‐red LECs is limited by the high non‐radiative rate of emitters in long‐wavelength region. While various organic emitters with deep‐red emission have been developed to construct high‐performance LECs, including polymers, metal complexes, and organic luminous molecules (OLMs), but this is seldom summarized. Therefore, we overview the recent advances of organic emitters with emission at the deep‐red region for LECs, and specifically highlight the molecular design approach and electrochemiluminescence performance. We hope that this review can act as a reference for further research in designing high‐performance deep‐red LECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocurable energetic polymer contains energetic groups (explosophores) and provides fast curable property for 3D printed propellants. Acrylate‐terminated poly‐3‐nitratomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane (APNIMMO) was prepared for the stereolithography (SLA) printing. This work outlines the thermal decomposition process of APNIMMO. The thermal behaviour and decomposition kinetics were investigated by means of the non‐isothermal DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) techniques. The Arrhenius parameters were studied by different isoconversional Kissinger method. Additionally, simultaneous TG‐DSC‐FTIR‐MS were employed to corroborate the thermal analysis results. The obtained results from the different techniques are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We know very well the Moon's appearance in the visible wavelengths. What the Moon in the midinfrared (MIR) looks like is still a mystery. We present detailed appearance of the MIR Moon observed by a high‐resolution geostationary satellite and reveal the essence behind its appearance. The appearance of the MIR Moon is opposite to its normal visible appearance and shows limb darkening. Both the absolute and the relative brightness distribution of the MIR lunar disk changes with the solar incidence angle i. The signatures of the MIR Moon are controlled by both the reflection and the emission of the lunar surface. The center‐to‐limb temperature variation across the lunar disk is clearly shown. The slower decrease of the brightness temperature when moving away from the subsolar point than the Lambertian model represents topographic effects. Plain Language Summary: The Moon's optical characteristics in visible and thermal infrared have long been observed with our eyes or with instruments. However, what the Moon looks like in the mid‐infrared (MIR) is still a mystery. We show several amazing images of the MIR Moon taken by high‐resolution geostationary satellite for different lunar phases. The entire lunar disk was imaged in high‐resolution single exposure, which is advantageous for investigating the brightness distribution across the lunar disk compared to a mosaic of image frames from lunar‐orbiting spacecrafts. The MIR Moon exhibits opposite trends to its normal visible appearance and shows limb darkening. Both the absolute and the relative brightness distribution of the MIR lunar disk evolve with the changing incidence of the solar illumination. The temperature variation across the lunar disk is also clearly shown. Key Points: We show the MIR Moon's appearance and variation with lunar phaseWe show the center‐to‐limb temperature map of the MoonThe MIR Moon shows limb darkening compared to the Moon in the VNIR [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a highly efficient, dual‐state emission platform for picric acid (PA) detection and latent fingerprint (LFP) visualization, flexible alkyl chains have been facilely attached to the commercial organic dye 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride to provide the target perylenetetracarboxylate molecules PTCA‐C4, PTCA‐C6, and PTCA‐C12. Interestingly, all these molecules exhibited impressive fluorescence characteristics with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of around 93.0 % in dilute solution. Also, emissive features were observed in the solid state because close molecular packing is prevented by the alkyl chains, especially for PTCA‐C6, which has a high PLQY value of 49.0 %. Benefiting from its impressive fluorescence performance in both solution and as aggregates, PTCA‐C6 was used as a dual‐state emission platform for PA detection and also LFP visualization. For example, double‐responsive fluorescence quenching in solution was observed in PA detection studies, resulting in high quenching constants (KSV) and also low limit‐of‐detection values. Furthermore, the fingerprint powder based on PTCA‐C6 also presented an impressive performance on various substrates in terms of fluorescence intensity and resolution, clearly providing the specific fine details of latent fingerprints. These results demonstrate that the facilely synthesized PTCA‐C6 with efficient dual‐state emission exhibits great potential in the real‐world applications of PA detection and LFP visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the electrical conductivity and the cycling stability of layered transition metal disulfides (TMDs) as lithium‐ion battery anode, graphene@WS2 heterojunction composites are prepared by a facile one‐pot process, involving liquid‐phase exfoliation of graphene in N‐methylpyrrolidone, followed by in‐situ growth of WS2 in the graphene dispersion induced by a microwave‐assisted solvothermal method. The liquid‐phase exfoliated graphene (LEGr) with exceptional atomic structure not only serves as a substrate to couple WS2, but also serves as a mini‐current collector for the rapid transport of electrons within the anode. The LEGr‐based heterojunction WS2 composites exhibit improved lithium storage performance compared to the counterpart based on graphene oxide (GO), including higher lithium storage capacity, superior rate capability and outstanding cycling stability. This protocol enables processing and construction of advanced TMD heterojunction electrodes based on LEGr using an economical pathway. An advanced TMDs heterojunction: A WS2 heterojunction based on liquid‐phase exfoliated graphene (LEGr@WS2) is synthesized by a one‐pot microwave‐assisted solvothermal method. Benefiting from the two‐dimensional hierarchical structures and good interfacial contact between WS2 and LEGr sheets, the LEGr@WS2 heterojunction exhibits good rate capability and cycling stability as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Currently, the commonly developed organic luminescent materials (OLMs) usually exhibit poor luminescent performance in aggregated solid states compared with their well‐dissolved solution states, making it a tough goal to achieve the highly emissive dual‐state emission. To overcome this limitation, a “self‐isolated enhanced emission” (SIEE) strategy through flexible alkyl chains to suppress the emission‐quenched π–π stacking in solids is proposed here and, based on this guideline, remarkable emission efficiency with photoluminescence quantum yields up to 99.72 % in solution and 77.46 % in the solid state are achieved for the SIEE constructed DBBT‐C8, which is then successfully used in solid‐state displays and data encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid, economical, specific, and sensitive quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay coupled with SYBR Green I chemistry was developed for the quantitative detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, with the symptoms of furunculosis. The set of primers designed from the virulence array protein ( vapA) gene was specific to A. salmonicida. Compared with the conventional PCR, qPCR had a lower detection limit of 5.6 copies of the positive plasmids. The standard curve, which showed the relationship between the copies of A. salmonicida and its quantification cycle ( Cq) value, could be described as follows: log (copies of A. salmonicida) = −0.3213 Cq + 10.721. The quantitative detection of copies of A. salmonicida in different tissues of the moribund Atlantic salmon showed that A. salmonicida could be detected in all tissues; the spleen contained the largest number of A. salmonicida and then the kidney. These results suggest that the qPCR assay reported here is a specific, sensitive, and quantitative method for detecting A. salmonicida. It can be used for the routine tests of A. salmonicida in local aquaculture enterprise and for the research of infection routes of A. salmonicida to Atlantic salmon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+,Nd3+@NaGdF4:Nd3+ core-shell nanoparticles (called Gd:Yb3+,Er3+,Nd3+@Gd:Nd3+ NPs) with simultaneously enhanced near-infrared (NIR)-visible (Vis) and NIR-NIR dual-conversion (up and down) luminescence (UCL/DCL) properties were successfully synthesized. The resulting core-shell NPs simultaneously emitted enhanced UCL at 522, 540, and 660 nm and DCL at 980 and 1060 nm under the excitation of a 793 nm laser. The enhanced UCL and DCL can be explained by complex energy-transfer processes, Nd3+→Yb3+→Er3+ and Nd3+→Yb3+, respectively. The effects of Nd3+ concentration and shell thickness on the UCL/DCL properties were systematically investigated. The UCL and DCL properties of NPs were observed under the optimal conditions: a shell Nd3+ content of 20 % and a shell thickness of approximately 5 nm. Moreover, the Gd:Yb3+,Er3+,Nd3+@Gd:20 % Nd3+ NPs exhibited remarkable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties similar to that of a clinical agent, Omniscan. Thus, the core-shell NPs with excellent UCL/DCL/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties have great potential for both in vitro and in vivo multimodal bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the first time and validated for the determination of cefprozil diastereomers in human plasma. The plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Detection was performed using an electronic spray ion source in the negative ion mode, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions m/ z 388.0 to m/ z 205.0 for cefprozil diastereomers and m/ z 346.1 to m/ z 268.1 for cephalexin (the internal standard). The calibration curves of cis-cefprozil and trans-cefprozil were linear in the ranges 0.125-16.0 µg/mL and 0.0403-1.72 µg/mL, respectively. The lower limits of quantification of cis- and trans-cefprozil were 0.125 and 0.0403 µg/mL in human plasma, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions of cis- and trans-cefprozil were all <9.7%, and the accuracy ranged from 99.2 to 104.7% and from 100.6 to 102.2%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of two cefprozil formulations in 24 healthy Chinese volunteers. The two cefprozil tablets were bioequivalent by measurement of cis-, trans- and total cefprozil. We suggest that the bioequivalence of cefprozil formulations can be evaluated only using cis-cefprozil as the analyte in future studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method for the determination of agomelatine in human plasma was developed and validated. After simple liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm i.d., 5 µm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 5 m m ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.1% formic acid) and methanol (30:70, v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.3 mL/min. The MS acquisition was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode with a positive electrospray ionization source. The mass transitions monitored were m/z 244.1 → 185.3 and m/z 285.2 → 193.2 for agomelatine and internal standard, respectively. The methods were validated for selectivity, carry-over, matrix effects, calibration curves, accuracy and precision, extraction recoveries, dilution integrity and stability. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of agomelatine in Chinese volunteers following a single oral dose of 25 mg agomelatine tablet. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold nanoparticles were grown on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) coated with a thiol-functionalized ionic liquid resulting in the formation of core-shell structures referred to as SWNT-IL-Au nanohybrid materials. The nanohybrid materials were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman-, and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The nanohybrid materials were found to enter lysosomes in HeLa cells and show negligible cytotoxicity. Interestingly, they have an enhanced NIR absorption that is effectively transferred into heat to cause localized hyperthermia, resulting in rapid cell death; overall, the material appears to have excellent properties for photothermal therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]