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In comparison with the well‐established allylic additions to C=O, C=N, and C=C double bonds, the dearomative allylic addition to arene π‐systems is heavily underdeveloped due to the severe challenge in breaking aromatic resonance stabilization. Herein, we disclose a general and efficient dearomative allylic addition to chromium‐bound arenes using allylsilanes as the pronucleophiles, thus affording convenient access to allyl‐functionalized 1,3‐cyclohexadiene building blocks. With commercially available deuterium sources, the versatility of this strategy further enables an arene dearomative 1,2‐deuteroallylation with a high level of deuterium incorporation. Finally, a preliminary try on the asymmetric dearomative hydroallylation based on a chiral auxiliary strategy is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apparently, the genomes of many organisms are pervasively transcribed, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) make up the majority of cellular transcripts. LncRNAs have been reported to play important roles in many biological processes; however, their effects on locomotion are poorly understood. Here, we presented a novel lncRNA, Locomotion Regulatory Gene (LRG), which participates in locomotion by sequestering Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1). LRG deficiency resulted in higher locomotion speed which could be rescued by pan‐neuronal overexpression but not by limited ellipsoid body, motoneuron or muscle‐expression of LRG. At the molecular level, the synaptic vesicles (SVs) release and movement‐related SYT1 protein was recognized as LRG‐interacting protein candidate. Furthermore, LRG had no effects on SYT1 expression. Genetically, the behavioral defects in LRG mutant could be rescued by pan‐neuronal knock‐down of Syt1. Taken together, all the results suggested LRG exerts regulatory effects on locomotion via sequestering SYT1 thereby blocking its function without affecting its expression. Our work displays a new function of lncRNA and provides insights for revealing the pathogenesis of neurological diseases with motor disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dearomative trifluoromethylation of arenes provides an ideal method for constructing CF3‐containing three‐dimensional architectures which are of increasing interest in drug discovery. However, such transformation is rare and challenging because of the inherently low reactivity of arene π‐systems and selectivity issues. Herein, we disclose a general dearomative 1,2‐hydrotrifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes utilizing activation by temporary π‐complexation to chromium, thus affording convenient access to 1,3‐cyclohexadienes bearing the privileged CF3 group. The versatility of this strategy further enables a dearomative 1,2‐deuterotrifluoromethylation with high deuterated ratios. The related dearomative 1,2‐(deutero)hydroperfluoroethylation reactions were conducted well for a range of chromium‐bound (hetero)arenes. Finally, a reasonable mechanism was proposed based on the intermediate capture and control experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several life‐prolonging therapies for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are available, including radium‐223 dichloride (223Ra), which was approved based on phase 3 data demonstrating improved overall survival (OS) and a favorable safety profile. To date, real‐world evidence for 223Ra use in Taiwan is from three studies of <50 patients. This observational study (NCT04232761) enrolled male patients with histologically/cytologically confirmed mCRPC with bone metastases from centers across Taiwan. 223Ra was prescribed as part of routine practice by investigators. Patients with prior 223Ra treatment were excluded. The primary objective was to assess 223Ra safety; secondary objectives evaluated efficacy parameters, including OS. Overall, 224 patients were enrolled. Most patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0/1 (79.0%) and ≤20 bone metastases (69.2%); no patients had visceral metastases. 223Ra was first‐ or second‐line therapy in 23.2% and 47.7% of patients, respectively. The total proportion of patients who received 5–6 223Ra cycles was 68.8%; this proportion was greater with first‐line use (84.3%) than second‐ (65.7%) or third‐/fourth‐line use (64.1%). More chemotherapy‐naïve patients (61.9%) completed the 6‐cycle 223Ra treatment than chemotherapy‐exposed patients (56.7%). Any‐grade treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious TEAEs occurred in 54.0% and 28.6% of patients, respectively, while 12% experienced 223Ra‐related adverse events. Median OS was 15.7 months (95% confidence interval 12.13–19.51); patients receiving 5–6 223Ra injections and earlier 223Ra use had longer OS than those receiving fewer injections and later 223Ra use. 223Ra provides a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for Taiwanese patients with mCRPC and bone metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous catalysis is immensely important in the chemical industry. Understanding the molecular mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic processes is fundamental to the design of high‐performance catalysts and the development of energy conversion technology. Tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) provides invaluable topographic and chemical information with nanometer‐scale spatial resolution, thus making it a promising tool for the in‐depth characterization of heterogeneous catalytic processes. In this perspective, we first introduce the background of heterogeneous catalysis and TERS, and then we systematically discuss the application of TERS in heterogeneous catalysis. Key insights related to catalyst configurations, catalytically active sites, reacting species, spillover of active species, and structure‐reactivity relationship were summarized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future development in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutations, which are molecular biomarkers present in bodily fluids of cancer patients, can be applied for tumor diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. However, current profiling of ctDNA mutations relies primarily on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing and these techniques require preanalytical processing of blood samples, which are time‐consuming, expensive, and tedious procedures that increase the risk of sample contamination. To overcome these limitations, here the engineering of a DNA/γPNA (gamma peptide nucleic acid) hybrid nanoreporter is disclosed for ctDNA biosensing via in situ profiling and recording of tumor‐specific DNA mutations. The low tolerance of γPNA to single mismatch in base pairing with DNA allows highly selective recognition and recording of ctDNA mutations in peripheral blood. Owing to their remarkable biostability, the detached γPNA strands triggered by mutant ctDNA will be enriched in kidneys and cleared into urine for urinalysis. It is demonstrated that the nanoreporter has high specificity for ctDNA mutation in peripheral blood, and urinalysis of cleared γPNA can provide valuable information for tumor progression and prognosis evaluation. This work demonstrates the potential of the nanoreporter for urinary monitoring of tumor and patient prognosis through in situ biosensing of ctDNA mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although dearomative functionalizations enable the direct conversion of flat aromatics into precious three‐dimensional architectures, the case for simple arenes remains largely underdeveloped owing to the high aromatic stabilization energy. We herein report a dearomative sequential addition of two nucleophiles to arene π‐bonds through umpolung of chromium–arene complexes. This mode enables divergent dearomative carbonylation reactions of benzene derivatives by tolerating various nucleophiles in combination with alcohols or amines under CO‐gas‐free conditions, thus providing modular access to functionalized esters or amides. The tunable synthesis of 1,3‐ or 1,4‐cyclohexadienes as well as the construction of carbon quaternary centers further highlight the versatility of this dearomatization. Diverse late‐stage modifications and derivatizations towards synthetically challenging and bioactive molecules reveal the synthetic utility. A possible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and intermediate tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive source detection is a challenging problem in the shadow zone, where the sound is contributed primarily by bottom‐bounce rays. The conventional beamforming detector (CBFD), which utilises the sound energy from a single direction, suffers potential significant performance degradation in the multipath‐signal scenario. The matched field detector (MFD) offers optimal performance by exploiting full‐wave field characteristics but is limited due to its reliance on prior ocean environmental knowledge. The authors demonstrate that the incident sound on a near‐surface vertical line array in the shadow zone can be approximated as a coherent sum of two plane waves that share a symmetric arrival angle about the horizontal. This leads to the signal subspace depending only on the arrival angle, which the authors call the bottom‐bounce ray angle subspace (BRAS). With generalised likelihood ratio test theory, the authors further derive the BRAS detector (BRASD). It can utilise the full signal energy under the premise of weak environmental knowledge requirements and is generally superior to the CBFD. Simulation results in a typical deep‐water channel under different source‐position and array configuration conditions demonstrate the effectiveness of the BRASD and suggest that it can even offer a performance comparable to that of the MFD under specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1, 4, 5, 8‐naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based MOFs, due to their tunable structures and properties, have shown promising applications in photochromism, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photothermal therapy, etc. Herein, using an L‐alanine modified NDI ligand, i.e. N, N′‐bis(L‐alanine)naphthalenediimide (AlaNDI), a novel Cd‐NDI Cd (AlaNDI)(H2O)]·DMF·H2O (complex 1) was constructed under solvothermal conditions, which has an obvious different structure with the previously reported ones. Structural analysis shows that the packing structure of complex 1 consists of two adjacent Cd atoms sharing two AlaNDI ligands, forming a dimetallic building block [Cd2O8]. Each building block connects a total of four AlaNDI ligands, where two Cd atoms are bridged by two ligands. The building blocks are interconnected by ligands to form a two‐dimensional layered structure. Based on the features of the NDI skeleton, it was found that complex 1 possesses multiple stimulus responses involving sensitivity to light: a reversible photochromism property and good photocatalytic degradation activity against various dyes, especially against cationic dyes crystal violet (CV), methyl violet (MV), and Janus green B (JGB). In addition, the stimulus‐response mechanism was investigated by control experiments. It is revealed that the photocatalytic active species may be related to h+ and •OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the most important modifications on the RNA level, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A‐) and 5‐methylcytosine (m5C‐) modification could have a direct influence on the RNAs. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could also be modified by methylcytosine modification. Compared with mRNAs, the function of lncRNAs could be more potent to some extent in biological processes like tumorigenesis. Until now, rare reports have been done associated with cutaneous melanoma. Herein, we wonder if the m6A‐ and m5C‐ modified lncRNAs could influence the immune landscape and prognosis in melanoma, and we also want to find some lncRNAs which could directly affect the malignant behaviors of melanoma. Methods: Systematically, we explored the expression pattern of m6A‐ and m5C‐ modified lncRNAs in melanoma from datasets including UCSC Xena and NCBI GEO, and the prognostic lncRNAs were selected. Then, according to the expression pattern of lncRNAs, melanoma samples from these datasets were divided into several subtypes. Prognostic model, nomogram survival model, drug sensitivity, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. Furthermore, among several selected lncRNAs, we identified one lncRNA named LINC00893 and investigated its expression pattern and its biological function in melanoma cell lines. Results: We identified 27 m6A‐ and m5C‐ related lncRNAs which were significantly associated with survival, and we made a subtype analysis of melanoma samples based on these 27 lncRNAs. Among the two subtypes, we found differences of immune cells infiltration between these two subtypes. Then, LASSO algorithm was used to screen the optimized lncRNAs combination including ZNF252P‐AS1, MIAT, FAM13A‐AS1, LINC‐PINT, LINC00893, AGAP2‐AS1, OIP5‐AS1, and SEMA6A‐AS1. We also found that there was a significant correlation between the different risk groups predicted based on RS model and the actual prognosis. The nomogram survival model based on independent survival prognostic factors was also constructed. Besides, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, GO and KEGG analysis were performed. In different risk groups, a total of 14 drug molecules with different distributions were obtained, which included AZD6482, AZD7762, AZD8055, camptothecin, dasatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, gemcitabine, GSK269962A, nilotinib, rapamycin, and sorafenib. A total of 55 significantly related biological processes and 17 KEGG signaling pathways were screened. At last, we noticed that LINC00893 had a relatively lower expression in melanoma tissue and cell lines compared with adjacent tissues and epidermal melanocyte, and down‐regulation of LINC00893 could promote the malignant behavior of melanoma cells in A875 and MV3. In these two melanoma cell lines, down‐regulation of m6A‐related molecules like YTHDF3 and METTL3 could promote the expression of LINC00893. Conclusion: We made an analysis of m6A‐ and m5C‐ related lncRNAs in melanoma samples and a prediction of these lncRNAs' role in prognosis, tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, and clinicopathological features. We also found that LINC00893, which is potentially regulated by m6A modification, could serve as a tumor‐suppressor in melanoma and play an inhibitory role in melanoma metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a mini‐LED pixel circuit that employs the PWM driving method to decrease power consumption. To achieve uniform current, the circuit compensates for threshold voltage variations of TFTs and VDD I‐R drops. Simulation results show that power consumption is ameliorated over 10.53% more than the 6T1C circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new coordination polymers (CPs), {[Cu(NDC)(Fbtx)(H2O)] ⋅ 1.5H2O}n (1), {[Co(NDC)(Fbtx)(H2O)2] ⋅ 0.5Fbtx}n (2), and [Co2(NDC)2(Fbtx)]n (3), were synthesized by employing acid‐base mixed ligands of rigid 1,4‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2NDC) and flexible bis(1,2,4‐triazole‐1‐ylmethyl)‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzene (Fbtx) under both hydrothermal and microwave‐assisted reaction conditions. Single‐crystal structure analysis establishted that both compounds 1 and 2 exhibit two‐dimensional (2D) layered structures, while compound 3 features a three‐dimensional (3D) complicated framework. The geometries of metal ions vary from square pyramidal (in 1 and 3) to distorted octahedral (in 2). Topological strudy showed that compounds 1 and 2 have exposed common 4‐connected 44‐sql net, while compound 3 has made a novel 4,5‐connected net with point symbol of (43 ⋅ 62 ⋅ 7)(43 ⋅ 64 ⋅ 72 ⋅ 8). The catalytic performance of the three complexes for the solvent‐free ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide has been investigated. The results indicated that compound 3 with coordinatively unsaturated cobalt(II) sites showed good activity and the molecular weight of the polymer obtained was high. Moreover, the complex 3 catalyst could be recycled up to five times with the retention of both catalytic activity and crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harnessing low‐density solar energy and converting it into high‐density chemical energy through photocatalysis has emerged as a promising avenue for the production of chemicals and remediation of environmental pollution, which contributes to alleviating the overreliance on fossil fuels. In recent years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained widespread application in the field of photocatalysis due to their photostability, tunable structures, and responsiveness in the visible light range. However, most MOFs exhibit relatively low response to light, limiting their practical applications. MOFs‐derived nanomaterials not only retain the inherent advantages of pristine MOFs but also show enhanced light adsorption and responsiveness. This review categorizes and summarizes MOFs‐derived nanomaterials, including nanocarbons and nanometal oxides, providing representative examples for the synthetic strategies of each category. Subsequently, the recent research progress on MOFs‐derived materials in photocatalytic applications are systematically introduced, specifically in the areas of photocatalytic water splitting to H2, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and photocatalytic water treatment. The corresponding mechanisms involved in each photocatalytic reaction are elaborated in detail. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and further directions faced by MOFs‐derived nanomaterials in the field of photocatalysis, highlighting their potential role in advancing sustainable energy production and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an extended generalized conditional intensity measure (EGCIM)‐based approach to selecting aftershock ground motions that match the target aftershock EGCIM distributions. The main purposes of the proposed methodology are threefold: (a) to consider the multiple characteristics of aftershock ground motions (e.g., amplitude, frequency contents, cumulative effects, and duration), (b) to account for the correlations between mainshocks (MS) and aftershocks (AS) as well as cross‐correlations between AS IMs, and (c) to associate with the conventional mainshock GCIM approach to enforce mainshock‐consistency for practical applications. For these purposes, three components of the EGCIM methodology for aftershock ground motion selection are utilized: (1) the multivariate aftershock EGCIM distributions of any vector of aftershock intensity measures (IMs) are constructed conditioned on two MS‐AS IMs, (2) the correlations between mainshocks and aftershocks as well as the cross‐correlations between AS IMs are considered, and (3) the random realizations of aftershock IMs are generated as a target using the aftershock EGCIM distributions to select aftershock ground motions from the specific database. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study in the LPCC station in New Zealand, whose aftershock EGCIM distributions of the considered 18 IMs are constructed for the case scenario. Among them, the correlations between mainshocks (MS) and aftershocks (AS) as well as the cross‐correlations between AS IMs are determined using the total residuals (epsilons) based on 662 real MS–AS ground‐motion pairs. Several examples are then discussed to illustrate the application of the proposed aftershock EGCIM approach, including the comparison of the aftershock acceleration spectrum with the ASK14 model and the effects of different components of the aftershock IM weight vector. Then, the proposed approach is compared with the conventional aftershock synthesis methods. It is observed that the conventional methods perform biased representations of different aftershock characteristics, of which the limitations are improved in the proposed approach. Moreover, a sensitivity study is performed for a typical midrise structure to investigate the effects of aftershock ground motion selection on the aftershock fragility analysis. The results indicate that the selection of aftershock records considering different AS characteristics has a notable impact on the aftershock fragility assessment. The uncertainties associated with record‐to‐record variations in aftershock fragility analysis can be effectively reduced by using the proposed selection approach that incorporates the comprehensive ground motion characteristics. The findings in this study promote the extension of the existing methods for aftershock ground motion selection, which can be applied to structural design or seismic risk analysis considering the aftershock effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoluminescent properties of lanthanide complexes have been thoroughly investigated; however, there have been much fewer studies showcasing their potential use in ionizing radiation detection. In this work, we delve into the photo‐ and radio‐induced luminescence of a series of lanthanide‐bearing organic‐inorganic hybrids and their potential as a platform for X‐ray scintillation and imaging. The judicious synergy between lanthanide cations and 2,6‐di(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)isonicotinate (bppCOO−) ligands affords six new materials with three distinct structures. Notably, Eu‐bppCOO‐1 and Tb‐bppCOO‐2 display sharp fingerprint X‐ray‐excited luminescence (XEL), the intensities of which can be linearly correlated with the X‐ray dose rates over a broad dynamic range (0.007–4.55 mGy s−1). Moreover, the X‐ray sensing efficacies of Eu‐bppCOO‐1 and Tb‐bppCOO‐2 were evaluated, showing that Tb‐bppCOO‐2 features a lower detection limit of 4.06 μGy s−1 compared to 14.55 μGy s−1 of Eu‐bppCOO‐1. Given the higher X‐ray sensitivity and excellent radiation stability of Tb‐bppCOO‐2, we fabricated a flexible scintillator film for X‐ray imaging by embedding finely ground Tb‐bppCOO‐2 in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The resulting scintillator film can be utilized for high‐resolution X‐ray imaging with a spatial resolution of approximately 7 lp mm−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the adult mammalian brain, new neurons are continuously generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ)-olfactory bulb (OB) pathway. YAP, a transcriptional co-activator of the Hippo pathway, promotes cell proliferation and inhibits differentiation in embryonic neural progenitors. However, the role of YAP in postnatal NSCs remains unclear. Here, we showed that YAP was present in NSCs of the postnatal mouse SVZ. Forced expression of Yap promoted NSC maintenance and inhibited differentiation, whereas depletion of Yap by RNA interference or conditional knockout led to the decline of NSC maintenance, premature neuronal differentiation, and collapse of neurogenesis. For the molecular mechanism, thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) recruited protein phosphatase PP1A to dephosphorylate LATS1/2, therefore inducing YAP nuclear localization and activation. Moreover, TRIP6 promoted NSC maintenance, cell proliferation, and inhibited differentiation through YAP. In addition, YAP regulated the expression of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway effector Gli2 and Gli1/2 mediated the effect of YAP on NSC maintenance. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel TRIP6-YAP-SHH axis, which is critical for regulating postnatal neurogenesis in the SVZ-OB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have evaluated the effectiveness of air filters in mitigating the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, these studies have yielded inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of air filters for patients with AR. For this, we comprehensively searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant articles. The results are presented in terms of standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) values with the fixed-effects model (FEM) and random-effects model (REM). Eight randomized controlled trials were included in our meta-analysis. Of these, three had a parallel design and five had a crossover design. Regarding clinical outcomes, pooled analyses performed using patients' nighttime and daytime symptom scores revealed SMD values of −0.21 (95% CI: −0.35 to −0.07 (FEM) and −0.35 to −0.08 (REM)) and −0.16 (95% CI: −0.30 to −0.03 (both FEM and REM)), respectively. However, no significant changes were noted in the SMD values when assessing medication use, quality of life (QoL), or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). In conclusion, air filters may help alleviate symptoms associated with AR; however, their effects on medication use, QoL, and PEFR appear to be limited. This systemic review and meta-analysis is registered with CRD42022380560. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the significance of belowground processes in tropical forest restoration and offers recommendations for further understanding these processes. It emphasizes the role of plant-root interactions, soil microbes, and soil properties in driving essential ecosystem services such as erosion control, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. The article highlights the importance of plant-microbe interactions in forest recovery and proposes management strategies for soil stabilization, carbon storage, nutrient cycling, and forest diversity. It also stresses the selection of native mycorrhizal communities and cautions against using non-native soil inoculum. The authors argue that incorporating belowground research into land management strategies can enhance the effectiveness of restoration projects, while also emphasizing the need for collaboration between scientists and restoration practitioners and the consideration of ecological, economic, and social factors in restoration areas. [Extracted from the article]

Organic‐inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials have shown significant application in lighting and sensor fields, owing to their prominent performance and diversity structures. Herein, we synthesized two multifunctional compounds: (propyl‐quinuclidone)2CdBr4 (1) and (F‐butyl‐quinuclidone)2CdBr4 (2). By introducing light‐emitting organic cation with flexible long chain, 1 and 2 exhibit excellent transition properties and bright blue‐white fluorescence. Then, combine fluorescence lifetime and first‐principal calculation, providing evidence for the electron transfer emission. Subsequently, investigated the impact of substituent carbon chain length (methyl to butyl), structural rigidity (C−C to C−F) and halide framework (Cl to I) on the fluorescence properties. Results indicate that Cd⋅⋅⋅Cd distance and structural rigidity play an important role in fluorescence. Overall, our research provides valuable insight and example for chemical modifications enhance compound performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysophospholipids (LPLs) and bile acids (BA) are commonly used as emulsifiers in aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of LPLs or BA on the growth performance, lipid deposition, and intestinal health of largemouth juveniles. Fish were randomly allotted into three groups in quadruplicate and fed with a basal diet (CON) or diets containing 300 mg/kg LPLs (LPLs), or 300 mg/kg commercially available BA product (BA) for 8 weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group, LPLs and BA supplemented groups showed a higher weight gain trend, and LPLs supplementation promoted the protein deposition in fish body. Both BA and LPLs supplementations helped to maintain liver health by decreasing the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum. Besides, LPLs supplementation decreased overall lipid deposition in terms of mesenteric fat index and liver lipid content. Furthermore, LPLs supplementation showed unique advantage in improving intestinal barrier, as characterized by the increased villus length and higher expression of the tight junction protein zo-1 expression. LPLs supplementation also increased the alpha diversity index and the abundances of Proteobacteria in the intestinal microbiota which is positively correlated with the abundance of SCFA in the gut. These findings will promote the application of novel feed additives and especially provide a basis for the rational selection of emulsifiers in the aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignancy originating from mesenchymal tissue characterized by rapid growth, early metastasis and poor prognosis. Ginsenoside Rg5 (G‐Rg5) is a minor ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer which has been discovered to possess anti‐tumor properties. The objective of current study was to explore the mechanism of G‐Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarcoma by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods: Pharmmapper, SwissTargetPrediction and similarity ensemble approach databases were used to obtain the pharmacological targets of G‐Rg5. Related genes of osteosarcoma were searched for in the GeneCards, OMIM and DrugBank databases. The targets of G‐Rg5 and the related genes of osteosarcoma were intersected to obtain the potential target genes of G‐Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarccoma. The STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2 software were used to construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform was used to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. AutoDock vina software was used to perform molecular docking between G‐Rg5 and hub targets. The hub genes were imported into the Kaplan–Meier Plotter online database for survival analysis. Results: A total of 61 overlapping targets were obtained. The related signaling pathways mainly included PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, Proteoglycans in cancer, Lipid and atherosclerosis and Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection. Six hub targets including PIK3CA, SRC, TP53, MAPK1, EGFR, and VEGFA were obtained through PPI network and targets‐pathways network analyses. The results of molecular docking showed that the binding energies were all less than –7 kcal/mol. And the results of survival analysis showed TP53 and VEGFA affect the prognosis of sarcoma patients. Conclusion: This study explored the possible mechanism of G‐Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarcoma using network pharmacology method, suggesting that G‐Rg5 has the characteristics of multi‐targets and multi‐pathways in the treatment of osteosarcoma, which lays a foundation for the follow‐up experimental and clinical researches on the therapeutic effects of G‐Rg5 on osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There is no clear consensus so far on which fixation method is most favorable for the tibial tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the outcome of RigidFix cross pins fixation in the tibial tunnel and to explore the advantages of RigidFix applied both in the femoral and tibial tunnel with hamstring tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients (male/female, 45/8) who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons between January 2013 and December 2017 at our institute. The participants in group A (n = 36) received anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with RigidFix cross pins fixation in both femoral and tibial tunnels, while those in group B (n = 17) with RigidFix cross pins fixation in the femoral tunnel and Interference screw fixation in the tibial tunnel. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form 2000 (IKDC2000) score, Lysholm knee scoring scale, Tegner activity score and the side‐to‐side difference were compared at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. The graft diameter, number of strands in graft and the average diameter of each strand were also compared between the two groups. The categorical parameters were analyzed by chi‐square test and the continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution were analyzed by Student's t‐test. Results: At 2 years postoperation, the VAS score (1.61 ± 0.55), side‐to‐side difference (1.50 ± 0.58) in group A were significantly lower than that in group B, and the IKDC2000 score (88.81 ± 3.88), Tegner activity score (6.14 ± 0.60) in group A were significantly higher than that in group B. At 5 years postoperation, the VAS score (1.64 ± 0.68), side‐to‐side difference (1.73 ± 0.63) in group A were significantly lower than that in group B, and the IKDC2000 score (89.09 ± 3.85), Tegner activity score (6.58 ± 0.94) in group A were slso significantly higher than that in group B. There was statistical difference in the change of the side‐to‐side difference between the two groups (group A vs. B, 0.22 ± 0.08 vs. 0.34 ± 0.11, p < 0.001). There were also statistical differences in the graft diameter (group A vs. B, 7.83 ± 0.74 vs. 7.41 ± 0.51, p = 0,038), number of strands in graft (5.67 ± 0.72 vs. 4.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001) and the average diameter of each strand (1.41 ± 0.22 vs. 1.85 ± 0.13, p < 0.001) between the two groups. Conclusion: RigidFix cross pins fixation in the tibial tunnel for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can achieve better 5‐year results when compared with the interference screw, and the hamstring tendon can be folded into a thicker graft when RigidFix cross pins were applied in both femoral and tibial tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart electroactive materials that can dynamically regulate stem cell fate without external stimuli have fascinated increasing attention. Meanwhile, noninvasive electrical stimulation has emerged as a less restrictive approach, generating considerable interest in its potential biomedical applications. The intricate interplay between cells and materials within complex microenvironments includes encompassing substrate response, ion exchange, and membrane potential alterations. However, the mechanisms by which smart materials influence stem cells have yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, electrospinning technology is utilized to fabricate bone‐mimicking microenvironments comprising disordered and highly oriented polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers. The aligned annealed PVDF (AA) and random annealed PVDF (RA) membranes present high fractions of β‐phase. By comparing the osteogenic ability, calcium activity, and F‐actin distribution of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured with these PVDF nanofibers, it is proposed that the stem cells autonomously regulate their differentiation by remodeling the cytoskeleton on the electrospun membranes. Electrical stimulation, more adhesion area, and active calcium influx support the greater osteogenesis of BMSCs on RA than AA. This mechanism can provide a basic theory for the design and preparation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds and contribute to the further study of cells and microenvironments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NK cells play a role in various cancers, but their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still needs to be explored. All public data are obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. All analysis was performed using specific packages in R software. In our study, we quantified the immune microenvironment of HNSCC through multiple algorithms. Next, we identified NK cell‐associated genes by quantifying NK cells, including SSNA1, TRIR, PAXX, DPP7, WDR34, EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1. Then, we explored the single‐cell expression pattern of these genes in the HNSCC microenvironment. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1 were related to the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Following this, we selected EZR for further analysis. Our results showed that the patients with high EZR expression might have a poor prognosis and worse clinical features. Biological enrichment analysis showed that EZR is associated with many oncogenic pathways and a higher tumour stemness index. Meanwhile, we found that EZR can remodel the immune microenvironment of HNSCC. Moreover, we noticed that EZR could affect the immunotherapy and specific drug sensitivity, making it an underlying clinical target. In summary, our results can improve the understanding of NK cell in HNSCC. Meanwhile, we identified EZR as the underlying clinical target of HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A holographic tensor metasurface (HTM) is proposed from the energy perspective to achieve flexible regulations of polarization and energy distributions for simultaneous transmissions of power and information. A dual‐polarization receiving metasurface with high isolation is also proposed to enable simultaneous receptions of power and information. Based on the two metasurfaces, a novel system for simultaneous wireless information and power transmissions (SWIPT) is established, which can transmit microwave powers and information signals by flexibly regulating the electromagnetic waves in different polarizations. The proposed HTM can generate non‐diffraction Bessel beams of two polarizations to keep high‐power transfer efficiency in an environment with obstacles. A rectifier circuit is designed with a wide dynamic range to integrate with the receiving metasurface to capture the strong powers and weak signals simultaneously. The effect of different modulations on the rectification efficiency of microwave‐to‐DC and the performance of the SWIPT system are analyzed. The SWIPT system is verified by experiments to realize simultaneous transmissions of information and powers by only using the metasurfaces, which is beneficial to integrate the wireless sensor networks, communication modules, and artificial intelligence algorithms to build up smart cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although most cyanobacteria use visible light (VL; λ = 400–700 nm) for photosynthesis, some have evolved strategies to use far‐red light (FRL; λ = 700–800 nm). These cyanobacteria are defined as far‐red light‐utilizing cyanobacteria (FRLCyano), including two groups: (1) chlorophyll d‐producing Acaryochloris spp. and (2) polyphyletic cyanobacteria that produce chlorophylls d and f in response to FRL. Numerous ecological studies examine pigments, such as chlorophylls d and f, to investigate the presence of FRLCyano in the environment. This method is not ideal because it can only detect FRLCyano that have made chlorophylls d or f. Here we develop a new method, far‐red cyanobacteria identification (FRCI), to identify FRLCyano based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. From public databases and published articles, 62 16S rRNA gene sequences of FRLCyano were extracted. Comparing with related lineages, we determined that 97% sequence identity is the optimal cut‐off for distinguishing FRLCyano from other cyanobacteria. To test the method experimentally, we collected samples from 17 sites in Taipei, Taiwan, and conducted VL and FRL enrichments. Our results demonstrate that FRCI can detect FRLCyano during FRL enrichments more sensitively than pigment analysis. FRCI can also resolve the composition of FRLCyano at the genus level, which pigment analysis cannot do. In addition, we applied FRCI to published datasets and discovered putative FRLCyano in diverse environments, including soils, hot springs and deserts. Overall, our results indicate that FRCI is a sensitive and high‐resolution method using 16S rRNA gene sequences to identify FRLCyano. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabric presents several advantages including excellent flexibility, lightweight, bend resilience, breathable properties, and significant price advantage compared to commercial low‐loss boards, providing a natural advantage for the preparation of flexible electromagnetic (EM) devices and wearable systems. A key challenge when using fabric as the substrate for active devices lies in the contradiction between the poor high‐temperature resistance of fabric materials and the welding requirements for semiconductor components, leading to a significant gap between flexible and traditional RF technology. Benefiting from the unique fiber structure of fabric materials, a conjecture is creatively proposed for integrating lumped components onto fabric substrates through the sewing method and successfully verifying its validity and stability. As an application, a fabric‐based smart metasurface (FSM) is designed and realized for potential portable EM protection applications. The proposed FSM has the advantage of good flexibility, low cost, and a high strength‐to‐weight ratio. By carefully designing the structure of the metasurface and also the sensing module, large‐angle stable EM performance is achieved, and the FSM can function well even under highly distorted conditions. The proposed method and product inspire promising application aspects in wearable electronics, portable EM protection, and related flexible RF technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A novel type of A‐type nanogrids (AGs) with axial and central chirality was synthesized via Friedel‐Crafts gridization of thiophenes and difluorenyl biaromatic derivatives, yielding 9%—30%. Additionally, the effect of stereoisomers of 1,1'‐binaphthyl difluorenols (BINDFOH) was investigated to demonstrate that R/S‐BINDFOH is more advantageous for the synthesis of AGs than Mix‐BINDFOH. Furthermore, tests on OFET memory devices showed that AGs have a larger storage window, indicating potential for data storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites (HOIP) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and flexible structure have attracted enthusiastic interest. In particular, introducing chirality is a method to enhance compound performance. Herein, we report a multifunctional compound: (3APr)PbBr4 (1) (3APr=3‐Pyrrolidinamine) and corresponding enantiomer R and S‐(3APr)PbBr4 (R/S‐2). Compound 1 show reversible solid‐state phase transition, step‐like dielectric anomaly and broadband yellow emission under uv light excitation. Accompany with phase transition, structure dimension transition from 2D to 1D without space group change. Through introduce chirality, the R/S‐2 display mirror image 1D structural relationship, increased quantum yield from 3.43 % (1) to 13.65 % (R/S‐2) and exhibits corresponding CD signals. Then combine to first‐principles analysis, it was found that fluorescence is attributed to the formation of instantaneous defects during excitation, leading to the formation of self‐trapped excitons (STEs). This finding will further promote the development of multifunctional compound and the study of chiral substitution enhance compound properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites (HOIP) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and flexible structure have attracted enthusiastic interest. In particular, introducing chirality is a method to enhance compound performance. Herein, we report a multifunctional compound: (3APr)PbBr4 (1) (3APr=3‐Pyrrolidinamine) and corresponding enantiomer R and S‐(3APr)PbBr4 (R/S‐2). Compound 1 show reversible solid‐state phase transition, step‐like dielectric anomaly and broadband yellow emission under uv light excitation. Accompany with phase transition, structure dimension transition from 2D to 1D without space group change. Through introduce chirality, the R/S‐2 display mirror image 1D structural relationship, increased quantum yield from 3.43 % (1) to 13.65 % (R/S‐2) and exhibits corresponding CD signals. Then combine to first‐principles analysis, it was found that fluorescence is attributed to the formation of instantaneous defects during excitation, leading to the formation of self‐trapped excitons (STEs). This finding will further promote the development of multifunctional compound and the study of chiral substitution enhance compound properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of chirality and phase‐transition materials has broad application prospects. Therefore, based on the quasi‐spherical theory and the thought strategy of introducing chirality, we have successfully synthesized a pair of chiral enantiomeric ligands (R/S)‐triethyl‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)ammonium iodide, which can be combined with a tin hexachloride anion to obtain a pair of new organic–inorganic hybrid enantiomeric high‐temperature plastic phase‐transition materials: (R/S)‐[CH3CH(OH)CH2N(CH2CH3)3]2SnCl6 (1‐R/1‐S), which have a high temperature phase transition of Tc=384 K, crystallize in the P21 chiral space group at room temperature, and have obvious CD signals. In addition, compounds 1‐R and 1‐S have a good low‐loss dielectric switch and broadband gap. This work is conducive to the research into chiral high‐temperature reversible plastic phase‐transition materials, and promotes the development of multi‐functional phase‐transition materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microwave filter is important to determine the performance of a wearable communication system. However, the materials used in existing microwave filters require sophisticated and expensive fabrication processes. Moreover, they are not compatible with flexible and wearable platforms. In this study, a novel strategy for realizing a tunable fabric microwave filter (TFMF) by taking advantage of the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structure and using organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is presented, which are lightweight and exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility and deformability. The TFMF is manufactured using fabric materials, and the OECT is printed to serve as a state‐changing material. The developed TFMF exhibits excellent flexibility, high planar integration and improved wearing comfort. Furthermore, the operating frequency of the TFMF with well‐designed gradient structures and multi‐state dispersion characteristics can be effectively tuned by applying different voltage sequences. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first tunable microwave filter designed for use in wearable systems. The measurements of scattering parameters and data transmission with a communication system based on the TFMF demonstrate a feasible pathway for enhancing the performance of wearable wireless communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptospirosis is a commonly overlooked zoonotic disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. Recent studies have divided the Leptospira spp. into three groups based on virulence, including pathogenic, intermediate, and saprophytic species. Pathogenic species express a protein family with leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domains, which are less expressed or absent in nonpathogenic species, highlighting the importance of this protein family in leptospirosis. However, the role of LRR domain proteins in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis is still unknown and requires further investigation. In this study, the 3D structure of LSS_01692 (rLRR38) was obtained using X‐ray crystallography at a resolution of 3.2 Å. The results showed that rLRR38 forms a typical horseshoe structure with 11 α‐helices and 11 β‐sheets and an antiparallel dimeric structure. The interactions of rLRR38 with extracellular matrix and cell surface receptors were evaluated using ELISA and single‐molecule atomic force microscopy. The results showed that rLRR38 interacted with fibronectin, collagen IV, and Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2). Incubating HK2 cells with rLRR38 induced two downstream inflammation responses (IL‐6 and MCP‐1) in the TLR2 signal transduction pathway. The TLR2–TLR1 complex showed the most significant upregulation effects under rLRR38 treatment. Inhibitors also significantly inhibited nuclear factor κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinases signals transduction under rLRR38 stimulation. In conclusion, rLRR38 was determined to be a novel LRR domain protein in 3D structure and demonstrated as a TLR2‐binding protein that induces inflammatory responses. These structural and functional studies provide a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enhancement of electrocatalytic water splitting by modulating the intrinsic electronic environment of active sites has recently attracted lots of interest. Herein, cobalt‐cobalt oxide (CoOx) at carbons derived from metal‐organic frameworks (Zn0.2@ZIF‐67) have been modulated by using post‐phosphine (P‐CoOx/NCs), acid leaching (Co/NCs), and oxidation (O−CoOx/NCs) treatments. With the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, the resultant carbons obtain a high surface area (645.7 m2 g−1) as well as a micro‐/mesoporous system after carbonization at 920 °C. These advantages not only enhance the catalytic performance of catalysts, but also facilitate the charge transfer between interfaces towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As a result, the constructed water splitting cell fabricated with 900P‐CoOx/NCs requires a low overpotential (89 mV and 343 mV vs. reservable hydrogen electrode respectively) to drive HER and OER at 10 mA cm−2, a low cell voltage (1.69 V), and a high stability with only 4.9 % decay after 15 hours operation in the alkaline medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic‐inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials have received significant attention due to their potential applications in smart devices such as phase‐change memory (PCM), resistive random‐access memory (ReRAM). Yet, devices application requires achieving a balance between fast switching speeds, long‐term stability, and high cycling endurance in materials still facing difficulties. Herein, we report two hybrid phase transition compounds: (CMQ)BiCl5(CMQ=Chloromethyl Quinuclidin‐3‐one) (1) and (FMQ)2SbBr5(FMQ=Fluoromethyl Quinuclidin‐3‐one) (2), both two compounds exhibit high phase transition temperature, dual‐stable behavior in dielectric during reversible phase transition process. Notably, 1 exhibit small dielectric change after multiple dielectric state switching. Furthermore, investigate the influence of halogen substitution (F to Cl) for compound properties, which show an Increasing transition temperature (9 K) and raising structural dimension (0D to 1D). Additionally, using first principles, analyze the electronic structure of 1 and find that it has a 3.4 eV wide bandgap, closing to GaN semiconductor (3.4 eV). This work provides a new insight into developing the next‐generation phase transition compounds and chemical modification enhances material performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the low-temperature toughness of polypropylene/low density polyethylene (PP/LDPE) blend, which is a crucial blend for polyolefin material with wide applications in frigid regions, the PP/LDPE blend foam with stretched cells is fabricated via a facile injection foaming together with open-mold stretching process. During the open-mold stretching, the relatively miscible PP and LDPE chains are debonded, and then the stretched and oriented cells structure with lots of tiny interphase cavities between the PP and LDPE phases and the fine lamellae are formed in the foam system. Such interphase cavities provide an adequate movement space for the frozen PP and LDPE chains and lamellae, and effectively relaxed and transferred stress, which greatly promote the uniform compressive behavior accompanied by the completely compacted cells at -25 °C. Moreover, the compressive fracture surface changes from relatively flat and smooth for the stretched PP foam to obvious yield folds and deformation for the stretched blend foam, and the compressive strain of stretched PP/LDPE blend foam is highly enhanced by a roughly 31%, 53%, and 44% increase than that of PP, PP/LDPE, and stretched PP foam samples, respectively, achieving the low-temperature brittle--ductile transition for PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Meanwhile, environment air pollution has become a serious health risk factor, contributing to the mortality of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. A substantial body of evidence has shown that many types of vascular diseases are related to air pollution. The physiology and pathophysiology of the three layers of vascular vessels, especially the inner and medial layer, contribute to the process of vascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cells in the medial layer, and several studies have indicated that air pollution has an adverse effect on VSMCs. There are numerous sources of air pollution across the world, and the components of air pollutants are a complex mixture of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. Among these air pollutants, particulate matter (PM)2.5 presents the highest risk factor leading to global mortality from cardiovascular disease and disability. In this review, we primarily focus on the impacts of PM2.5 exposure on VSMCs. We further discuss the correlation between exposure to PM2.5 and other vascular diseases and present potential protective and treatment strategies to decrease vascular mortality related to air pollution. Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death worldwide. At the same time, ambient air pollution has become a severe health risk factor, contributing to deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Air pollution has a detrimental effect on VSMCs. We focus on the adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure on VSMCs brought about by oxidative stress ROS and inflammatory responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence on outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with autoimmune disease (AD) is limited. Hypothesis: Patients with AD had worse outcomes after CA procedures for AF. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in patients undergoing AF ablation between 2012 and 2021. The risk of recurrence after ablation was investigated in patients with AD and a 1:4 propensity score matched non‐AD group. Results: We identified 107 patients with AD (64 ± 10 years, female 48.6%) who were matched with 428 non‐AD patients (65 ± 10 years, female 43.9%). Patients with AD exhibited more severe AF‐related symptoms. During the index procedure, a higher proportion of AD patients received nonpulmonary vein trigger ablation (18.7% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.002). Over a median follow‐up of 36.3 months, patients with AD experienced a similar risk of recurrence with the non‐AD group (41.1% vs. 36.2%, p = 0.21, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–1.76) despite a higher incidence of early recurrences (36.4% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.001). Compared with non‐AD patients, patients with connective tissue disease were at an increased risk of recurrence (46.3% vs. 36.2%, p = 0.049, HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.00–2.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the duration of AF history and corticosteroid therapy were independent predictors of postablation recurrence in patients with AD. Conclusions: In patients with AD, the risk of recurrence after ablation for AF during the follow‐up was comparable with non‐AD patients, but a higher risk of early recurrence was observed. Further research into the impact of AD on AF treatment is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of the privileged amino functionality is of paramount importance in organic synthesis. In contrast to the well‐developed amination methods for alkenes, the dearomative amination of arenes is largely underexplored due to the inherently inert reactivity of arene π‐bonds and selectivity challenges. Herein, we report an intermolecular dearomative aminofunctionalization via direct nucleophilic addition of simple amines to chromium‐bound arenes. This multicomponent 1,2‐amination/carbonylation reaction enables rapid access to complicated alicyclic compounds containing amino and amide functionalities from benzene derivatives under CO‐gas‐free conditions, which also represents the first application of nitrogen‐based nucleophiles in η6‐coordination‐induced arene dearomatizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyrins and their derivatives have been employed extensively in organic solar cells (OSCs) in recent years. However, a deeper understanding of the exciton dissociation process for the porphyrin donor/non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) interface is still lacking. Herein, we have combined quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the combination of mono and dimer porphyrin donors with various types of NFAs. The work reveals that the key issue lies in the exciton dissociation process of porphyrin materials, which have strong crystallinity to increase spacing (more than 5.0 Å), resulting in lesser miscibility and weaker intermolecular π‐π stacking. The pathway for exciton dissociation will be limited by the small number of high‐energy charge transfer (CT) states. To solve the above‐mentioned issues, we implement an improved strategy for modifying the side chain of the terminal unit, reducing the stacking distance to 4.4 Å, while the number of CT states reaches up to 40 % (3/A3 style 1). Additionally, the results also indicate the development potential for all porphyrin OSCs, particularly, the charge recombination (kCR) rate of the 1/Rf‐Iso system is lowered by nearly nine orders of magnitude. This research may offer fresh perspectives for extending the application range of porphyrin materials in OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel structure with an additional current path is adopted in the proposed circuit to reduce the power consumption. Threshold voltage variations of TFTs and VDD I‐R drops are compensated effectively. The power consumption is reduced by 12.95% greater than the compared circuit without the additional current source structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that encodes a histone methyltransferase to control H3K36me2 modification. WHSC1 was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in HCC. The elevated WHSC1 likely due to the alterations of DNA methylation or RNA modification. WHSC1 perhaps form a chromatin cross talk with H3K27me3 and DNA methylation to regulate transcription factors expression in HCC. Functional analysis indicated that WHSC1 was involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle, cellular senescence and immune regulations. Furthermore, WHSC1 was associated with the infiltrating levels of B cell, CD4+, Tregs and macrophage cells. Therefore, our findings suggested that WHSC1 might function as a promotor regulator to affect the development and progression of HCC. Thus, WHSC1 could be a potential biomarker in predicting the prognosis and therapeutic target for patients with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to the efficient use of biomass resources is the rational design and preparation of lignin-based fine chemicals. In this investigation, the colloidal self-assembly structure formed by lignin in good solvents is used as the module, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are taken as the carrier, and magnetic composite lignin nanoparticles are prepared in batches by a rapid and convenient surficial grafting (patching) process. The varying amphiphilicity and wettability of lignin are influenced by the various types of wetting solvents. Its wetting behavior can be regulated to achieve oil–water separation in different adsorption or/and emulsification processes. This study provides a novel tool for industrial oil–water separation and, thus, general oily wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a general strategy for chemo‐ and regioselective 1,2‐reduction of chromium‐bound arenes was developed, thus providing rapid access to 1,3‐cyclohexadienes. Selective arene activation via π‐complexation along with the use of mild hydride Ph3SiH can overcome the inherently low reactivity of arene π‐bonds while tolerating various reduction‐sensitive functional groups. Its versatility further enables a regiodivergent deuteration. Using different sequences of (non)deuterated hydride and acid reagents, the deuterated positions as well as the degrees of deuterium incorporation can be controlled precisely, which leads to a large and previously inaccessible chemical space for 1,3‐cyclohexadiene isotopologues. A reasonable mechanism was proposed based on intermediate capture and control experiments. The synthetic value of this selective 1,2‐reduction was demonstrated in the formal total synthesis of (±)‐galanthamine and (±)‐lycoramine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]