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Introduction: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical dementia syndrome associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairment in activities of daily living is essential for dementia diagnosis, yet less is known about the neuropathologic impact on functional decline in PPA, especially over time. Methods: Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) ratings were compared by suspected underlying pathology between 17 PPAAβ+ and 11 PPAAβ– participants at 6‐month intervals for 2 years using a linear mixed‐effects model. A general linear model examined associations between functional decline and cortical thickness at baseline. Results: Groups did not differ in demographics or aphasia severity at baseline, yet overall and subdomain scores of the ADLQ were significantly worse for PPAAβ+ compared to PPAAβ‐ (P =.015) at each interval across 18 months. Discussion: Functional decline appears more pronounced and disrupts more aspects of life activities for individuals with non‐semantic PPA with suspected AD versus non‐AD neuropathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a way to proactively reduce nonrevenue water, Crystal Clear Special Utility District field‐tested new technology that directly integrates "listening" sensors in meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a national study of employees across industries (N = 14,645), we examined the role of supervisor emotionally intelligent behavior for employee opportunity to grow, their affect at work, and creativity/innovation at work. Employees reported on their supervisors' emotionally intelligent behavior (perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions), and self‐reported about their job experiences and creativity/innovation at work. Supervisor emotionally intelligent behavior was related to employee affect at work assessed using both open‐ended questions and emotion rating scales. Furthermore, supervisor emotionally intelligent behavior was linked to employee creativity/innovation through its effect on employee opportunity to grow and higher experience of positive affect (supporting a serial mediation model). We discuss the implications of the results for creativity/innovation research and innovation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Scientific research on PFAS is ongoing, but risk communication guidance can be used by drinking water utilities to protect public health and establish trust with customers. Risk communication strategies enable utilities to be timely, credible, and respectful in addressing customer concerns about PFAS risks from drinking water. In an uncertain time, proactive messaging can ensure a water utility responds to customer inquiries about PFAS with empathy and transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The state of Nevada has the 3rd fastest growing rate of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the country with a 30.6% projected increase between 2020 and 2025. Growth in ADRD is complemented by growth in the diversity of residents, particularly in Las Vegas, where the growth of minoritized populations outpaces national rates. Nevada is 30% Hispanic/Latino (H/L) and Las Vegas is 33% H/L. Among the challenges presented by this growth, Nevada is characterized as a 'neurology desert', lacking the necessary specialists to meet the state's care demands and lacking the traditional infrastructure for care and research referral. In order to better understand local experiences seeking care and address communication barriers, we applied the Boot Camp Translation model for the Las Vegas H/L community. Method: We identified 14 community members to participate in our ADRD BCT through community connections, targeted email blasts, and social media. BCT members ranged in age from 23 to 62 (M = 43, SD = 13.74), were majority female (10/14) and H/L (11/14), and most (10/14) were connected to local non‐profit organizations serving H/Ls, those with ADRD, and/or older adults. Result: BCT members identified messages to increase AD awareness that reflected love, "respeto" (respect), resilience, and connection; messages targeted younger and middle‐age adults and community organizations: 1) "Amar es saber" ("To love is to know"), which encourages discussions among family members; 2) "The community cares. Let's talk."; and 3) "Podemos afrontar el Alzheimer juntos." ("We can face Alzheimer's disease together."). BCT members identified our resource desert as a key challenge to message‐based calls to action. As reflected by their messages, they also highlighted opportunities for community members to engage and support message dissemination. Conclusion: The Las Vegas BCT effectively identified messages, challenges, and opportunities to increasing AD knowledge and research engagement. Many BCT members joined our community advisory board; they emphasize the need for ongoing advocacy in the state, Spanish‐language resources, and an online presence that simplifies and supports navigation of services and information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological benefits of marine reserves have garnered favor in the conservation community, but ''no-take'' reserve implementation is complicated by the economic interests of fishery stakeholders. There are now a number of studies examining the conditions under which marine reserves can provide both economic and ecological benefits. A potentially important reality of fishing that these studies overlook is that fishing can damage the habitat of the target stock. Here, we construct an equilibrium bioeconomic model that incorporates this habitat damage and show that the designation of marine reserves, coupled with the implementation of a tax on fishing effort, becomes both biologically and economically favorable as habitat sensitivity increases. We also study the effects of varied degrees of spatial control on fisheries management. Together, our results provide further evidence for the potential monetary and biological value of spatial management, and the possibility of a mutually beneficial resolution to the fisherman-conservationist marine reserve designation dilemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in biodiversity will mediate the consequences of agricultural intensification and expansion for ecosystem services. Regulating services, like pollination and pest control, generally decline with species loss. In nature, however, relationships between service provision and species richness are not always strong, partially because anthropogenic disturbances purge species from communities in nonrandom orders. The same traits that make for effective service providers may also confer resistance or sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbances, which may either temper or accelerate declines in service provision with species loss. We modeled a community of predators interacting with insect pest prey, and identified the contexts in which pest control provision was most sensitive to species loss. We found pest populations increased rapidly when functionally unique and dietary-generalist predators were lost first, with up to 20% lower pest control provision than random loss. In general, pest abundance increased most in the scenarios that freed more pest species from predation. Species loss also decreased the likelihood that the most effective service providers were present. In communities composed of species with identical traits, predators were equally effective service providers and, when competing predators went extinct, remaining community members assumed their functional roles. In more realistic trait-diverse communities, predators differed in pest control efficacy, and remaining predators could not fully compensate for the loss of their competitors, causing steeper declines in pest control provision with predator species loss. These results highlight diet breadth in particular as a key predictor of service provision, as it affects both the way species respond to and alter their environments. More generally, our model provides testable hypotheses for predicting how nonrandom species loss alters relationships between biodiversity and pest control provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Based on the presence of nasal polyps on endoscopy, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may be clinically divided in CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps. It is unclear, whether CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps represent different disease entities or just different stages of one single disease. In case of one disease, only minor histopathological differences between CRS with small early-stage polyps (CRSNP(+)) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSNP−) were expected. Methods: Patients with CRSNP(+) confined to the infundibular region or CRSNP− were selected. Histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of ethmoidal mucosa was performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Frequency and distribution of eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, IgE+ cells, macrophages, B- and T-cell subsets, natural killer cells, plasma cells and goblet cells were assessed. In addition, the thickness of the basal membrane was evaluated. Results: Nine CRS patients without detectable polyps, and 11 patients with small early-stage polyps confined to the infundibular region were selected. Despite adjacent polyp stage, the amount of round cell infiltration ( P < 0.05), number of eosinophils ( P < 0.05), and plasma cells ( P < 0.01) significantly differed in the ethmoidal specimens from patients of the two groups. Conclusion: Substantial histopathological differences were observed in ethmoidal mucosa of CRSNP(+) and CRSNP− patients. Thus, the results of this investigation support the concept that CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps are two different disease entities rather than different stages of one single disease, but may also be interpreted as a higher degree of inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Black/African American (B/AA) older adults have roughly double the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and greater risk for being undiagnosed compared to non‐Hispanic whites (NHW)(2020 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures). There is a dearth of research on AD biomarkers in the B/AA community. Biomarkers identify those at risk for or in the preclinical stages of AD, establish clinical trial eligibility, and inform diagnosis and treatment. This study reviews current literature on AD biomarkers in the B/AA population. Method: A scoping review was conducted of B/AA study samples that examined three widely accepted AD biomarkers and the risk of disease conferred by each. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and the e4 allele, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) values of aBeta and tau, and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were included. Articles were reviewed independently by two researchers using the Colquhoun et al. (2014) method. Result: Initial searches yielded 326 APOE results, 46 CSF, and 33 amyloid PET. After review, 64 remained for APOE, 4 for CSF, and 8 for amyloid PET. Within APOE, e4 presence conferred similar (Graff‐Radford 2002; Sawyer 2009) or lower (Evans 2003; Rajabli 2018) AD risk in B/AA versus NHW, with no consensus on the protection offered by e2 (Allred 2016; Graff‐Radford 2002). CSF literature highlighted that B/AA had lower levels of total tau and phosphorylated tau 181 (Morris 2019; Howell 2017; Garrett 2019), with lower (Garrett 2019; Howell 2017) or similar (Morris 2019; Babulal 2020) levels of beta amyloid. In amyloid PET, B/AA amyloid burden was similar (Morris 2019; Amariglio 2020) to or above (Gottesman 2016; Hughes 2018) NHW, but longitudinal investigation suggested faster decline among B/AA (Amariglio 2020). The role of APOE e4 in amyloid burden is incompletely understood. One study found increased amyloid in both races (Morris 2019) among e4 carriers, while another study identified greater amyloid among B/AA even after adjusting for APOE status (Gottesman 2016). Conclusion: Unique AD biomarker profiles among B/AA relative to NHW may be a contributor to diagnostic inequities across groups, particularly missed or late diagnoses among B/AA. These differences warrant in‐depth investigation and highlight the need for inclusive outreach and engagement approaches in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is an entity of B-cell lymphoma distinct from the other molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We investigated the prevalence, specificity, and clinical relevance of mutations of XPO1, which encodes a member of the karyopherin-β nuclear transporters, in a large cohort of PMBL. PMBL cases defined histologically or by gene expression profiling (GEP) were sequenced and the XPO1 mutational status was correlated to genetic and clinical characteristics. The XPO1 mutational status was also assessed in DLBCL, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and mediastinal gray-zone lymphoma (MGZL).The biological impact of the mutation on Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds (KPT-185/330) sensitivity was investigated in vitro. XPO1 mutations were present in 28/117 (24%) PMBL cases and in 5/19 (26%) HL cases but absent/rare in MGZL (0/20) or DLBCL (3/197). A higher prevalence (50%) of the recurrent codon 571 variant (p.E571K) was observed in GEP-defined PMBL and was associated with shorter PFS. Age, International Prognostic Index and bulky mass were similar in XPO1 mutant and wild-type cases. KPT-185 induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and increased cell-death in PMBL cell lines harboring wild type or XPO1 E571K mutant alleles. Experiments in transfected U2OS cells further confirmed that the XPO1 E571K mutation does not have a drastic impact on KPT-330 binding. To conclude the XPO1 E571K mutation represents a genetic hallmark of the PMBL subtype and serves as a new relevant PMBL biomarker. SINE compounds appear active for both mutated and wild-type protein. Am. J. Hematol. 91:923-930, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Aim of Study: To characterize the cerebral embolic exposure during transfemoral (TF) and transapical (TA) TAVR., Methods: To detect cerebral embolic events during TAVR, intraoperative neuromonitoring using transcranial Doppler (TCD) was utilized in 28 patients (Edwards SAPIEN valve TF n = 18, TA n = 10). High intensity transient signals (HITS) reflective of embolic events were recorded., Results: The mean age was 83.4 ± 7.4 years. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality score was 11.7 ± 2.9. The total number of HITS during TAVR was not significantly different between the TF and the TA groups, respectively (375 ± 301, 440 ± 283, p = 0.58). The highest number of HITS occurred during wire manipulation in the arch and valve insertion (TF, 80 ± 110, 107 ± 81; TA, 120 ± 80, 92 ± 80). In the TF group only, severe arch calcification was associated with significantly higher number of HITS both in total number of HITS (Grade I/II, 278 ± 71; Grade III/IV, 568 ± 479, p = 0.05) and during wire manipulation in the arch and valve insertion (Grade I/II, 140 ± 46, Grade III/IV 294 ± 239, p = 0.04)., Conclusions: Highest cerebral embolic exposure occurred during wire manipulation in the arch and valve insertion in both the TF and TA groups. Arch calcification appears to be associated with increased embolic risk, specifically in the TF approach. Understanding of the mechanism of cerebral embolism is needed for future strategies of cerebral protection during TAVR. , (© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)