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Summary The aim of the current study was to determine whether a rumen protected palm oil based diet affect malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (rGSH) and vitamin A levels in the tissues of cornu uteri , corpus uteri and corpus luteum over the barley based isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diet, and whether the response is different between ewes and ewe-lambs. During the breeding season, half of Morkaraman ewes (2–4-year-old, n =10) and ewe-lambs (7–8-months-old, n =10) was offered a barley based diet and the other half was offered a protected palm oil based diet for 42 ± 0.7 days. At the end of the experiment all animals were slaughtered and measurements carried out in the tissues collected. In all animals tested, cornu uteri had the highest MDA levels followed by corpus uteri and corpus luteum (P <0.01) but no differences were between the tissues observed in GSH-Px and rGSH levels (P >0.05). Vitamin A levels were, however, higher in corpus luteum than in cornu uteri and corpus uteri (P <0.05). Corpus uteri MDA levels were not different (P >0.05) but rGSH levels were higher for the palm oil fed groups (P <0.05). GSH-Px and rGSH levels were higher for ewe-lambs than ewes (P <0.05). In conclusion, it appears that MDA, rGSH, GSH-Px, and vitamin A work in a different fashion for corpus uteri , cornu uteri and corpus luteum , and for ewes and ewe-lambs. Dietary palm oil did not significantly affect the parameters studied except higher rGSH levels in corpus uteri . Levels of anti-oxidatively active substances, such as rGSH and GSH-Px were lower in ewes compared with those in ewe-lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity may play an important role in the development and progression of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We carried out a study to assess the systemic oxidant-antioxidant status during the exacerbation and the stable period in patients with BA and COPD. A total of 33 patients, 16 with BA and 17 with COPD were included in the study. During the exacerbation and the stable periods, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GRd), and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes and serum melatonin concentrations were investigated. Blood counts, respiratory functions, and blood gases of the patients were also performed. During an exacerbation period of BA, despite the decreases in GSH-Px, GRd and melatonin levels, MDA and CAT levels, and the white blood cell count, the percentage of eosinophils were significantly higher than in the stable period. Also, it was found that FEV(1)/L (where FEV(1) is the forced expiratory volume in 1 s), FVC/L (where FVC is forced vital capacity), PEF/L/s (where PEF is peak expiratory flow), pO(2) (where pO(2) is oxygen pressure) levels increased during the stable period in patients with BA. MDA and SOD values were higher in the exacerbation period than in the stable period although GSH-Px, GRd, melatonin, pH, and pO(2) values were lower in the exacerbation period than in the stable period. The blood counts and the respiratory function tests did not change between the exacerbation and the stable period of patients with COPD significantly. In conclusion, we observed that oxidative stress in the exacerbation period of patients with BA and COPD increased whereas the antioxidant enzymes and melatonin values reduced. The episodes of BA or COPD might be associated with elevated levels of oxidative stress., ((c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that long term dietary restriction would have beneficial effects on the oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme systems in liver, heart and kidney in adult male rats undergoing different intensities of swimming exercise. Sixty male, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned as either dietary restricted on every other week day (DR) or fed ad libitum (AL) groups, and each group was further subdivided into sedentary, endurance swimming exercise training (submaximal exercise) and exhaustive swimming exercise (maximal exercise) groups. Animals in the submaximal exercise group swam 5 days/week for 8 weeks, while maximal exercise was performed as an acute bout of exercise. In parallel with the increase in the intensity of the exercise, the degree of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were increased in both the DR and AL groups; however the rate of increase was lower in the DR group. Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities were lower in the DR group than in the AL group. In parallel with the increase in exercise intensity, GSH and GR enzyme activities decreased, whereas an increase was observed in GSH-Px enzyme activity. In conclusion, the comparison between the DR and AL groups with the three swimming exercise conditions shows that the DR group is greatly protected against different swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress compared with the AL group., (Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Cisplatin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer. High doses of cisplatin have also been known to produce hepatotoxicity. Several studies suggest that supplementation with an antioxidant can influence cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. The present study was designed to determine the effects of cisplatin on the liver oxidant/antioxidant system, and the possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on liver toxicity induced by cisplatin. Twenty-four adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six rats each: control, cisplatin, CAPE, and cisplatin+CAPE. Cisplatin and CAPE were injected intraperitoneally. Liver tissue was removed to study the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO). The activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased in the cisplatin+CAPE and CAPE groups compared with the cisplatin group. CAT activity was higher in the cisplatin +CAPE group than the other three groups. XO activity was lower in the cisplatin group than the control group. MPO activity was also increased in the cisplatin group compared to the control and CAPE groups. It can be concluded that CAPE may prevent cisplatin-induced oxidative changes in liver by strengthening the antioxidant defence system by reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities., (Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

There is a possible role of reactive oxygen species (SROS) in the complication of implants although there is presently little information. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant enzyme activities in tissues surrounding implants in rabbits. Thirty New Zealand albino male rabbits were used. They were randomly divided into five groups. The first group (I) was used as control. Groups II, III, IV and V were implanted with stainless steel, ceramic, titanium and polyethylene, respectively. One month after the administration of implant, the tissues surrounding the implant were carefully removed for antioxidant enzyme analysis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) in tissues surrounding the implants in the groups II, III and IV were significantly (p<0.05-p<0.001) lower than in the control group although glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and LP values were increased. CAT activity and LP level did not decrease in group V. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that there is an increase in lipid peroxidation in the tissues surrounding ceramic and titanium implants of animals whereas there is a decrease in antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress plays a very important role in the complications of ceramic and titanium implants. The polyethylene implant seems to be the best of the four implant materials tested., (Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

The aim of this research was to determine levels in blood of vitamin E, beta-carotene, lipid peroxidation as thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in patients with alopecia. Studies were carried out on 37 patients with alopecia and 34 healthy age-matched controls. Red blood cell (RBC) and plasma samples from healthy and patient subjects were taken. Beta-cartotene levels (P<0. 001) in plasma and levels of GSH (P>0.05) and the activity of GSH-Px (P<0.05, P<0.01) in both plasma and RBC samples were significantly lower in patients with alopecia than in controls, whereas TBARS levels in plasma (P<0.05) and RBC (P<0.001) samples were significantly higher in patients with alopecia than in controls. However, vitamin E levels in plasma did not differ statistically. Although being far from conclusive, these results provide some evidence for a potential role of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidants in alopecia., (Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

The aim of this investigation was to determine serum levels of vitamin A, E, beta carotene, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and biochemical and haematological parameters during enflurane anaesthetised dogs. Ten kangal dogs were used and all animals were anaesthetised with enflurane for two hours and blood samples were taken before and 30, 120 minutes, 24 hours and 7 days during the anaesthesia. Vitamin E and beta carotene content were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) higher before anaesthesia than after whereas serum GSHPx activity was not statistically different. However, serum levels of vitamin A and MDA were significantly (p<0.05) increased during the anaesthesia. In general, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, glucose, urea and creatinine were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) increased during anaesthesia and returned to near normal values after 7 days of anaesthesia, whereas the white blood cell count was significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) decreased during the anaesthesia. However, the red blood cell count, haemoglobin and packed cell volume values, and levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and globulin were apparently not influenced by the anaesthesia. In conclusion, we observed that the serum level of vitamin E and beta carotene were significantly decreased, whereas serum MDA and vitamin A levels were significantly increased during the enflurane anaesthesia., (Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Cataractous lenses have been found to have an altered distribution of the intracellular ionic environment: the concentrations of potassium and magnesium being decreased and the concentrations of sodium and calcium increased. These changes arise as a result of changes to lens membrane characteristics causing an increase in lens membrane permeability. In this study flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used for calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc determination, and flame atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) was used for sodium and potassium contents in normal and cigarette smoke-exposed rat lenses. The methods are sensitive enough to detect quantitatively all six cations in a single rat lenses. In this work, six elements, including Ca2+, K+, Na+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Mg2+ in experimental rat eye lenses and normal transparent lenses were determined. It was found that the concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ were increased dramatically while K+ and Mg2+ decreased in smoke-exposed rat lenses when compared to the control rat lenses. There were no significant changes between 'smoked' rats supplied with vitamin C and control groups. A positive correlation was found also in the other two groups of 'cigarette smoked' animals supplemented with selenium plus vitamin E and selenium when compared with 'cigarette smoked' without any supplements. These data provide support for the hypothesis that cigarette smoking increases the risk of cataract formation. We investigated whether vitamin C is the most important antioxidant in the body. The roles of diet with optimum amounts of antioxidant vitamins C and vitamin E and the antioxidant mineral selenium are discussed.