Search

GLO:1X5/01aug21:all14858-fig-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 1 Significance of the composition ratio of organisms in the salivary microbiome on the level of saliva-induced IL-10 production by THP-1 cells. Keywords: Microbiome; Sublingual immunotherapy; Allergic rhinitis; Saliva EN Microbiome Sublingual immunotherapy Allergic rhinitis Saliva 2617 2620 4 07/19/21 20210801 NES 210801 CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors have no conflicts of interest concerning this work. Treatment with 100 µg/ml of polymyxin B, an antagonist of lipopolysaccharide, significantly reduced saliva-induced IL-10 production by THP-1 cells (Figure S3). [Extracted from the article]

Swallowing syncope is a rare medical condition. Even though it has been known as a neurally mediated syncope, the definitive mechanism of this condition remains unclear. We show in this study an additional case of swallowing syncope and review the 122 reported cases from the literature. A 47‐year‐old Japanese man had been suffering from recurrent syncopal attacks, when he fainted immediately after swallowing. Holter electrocardiogram monitoring demonstrated a sinus pause (maximum R‐R interval of 3.8 seconds) after he swallowed a noodle quickly. A permanent pacemaker was implanted because the frequency of syncope increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Few studies have investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with glottic cancer without hoarseness. Methods This retrospective clinical study investigated 371 patients with glottic cancer. Results Thirty-two of the 371 patients (8.6%) with glottic cancer first presented to hospitals with complaints other than hoarseness. Although proportions of stage I and T1 disease were significantly higher among patients without hoarseness than among those with hoarseness ( p = .0036 and p = .0004, respectively), survival curves showed no significant differences between groups ( p = .1334). Conclusion Patients with glottic cancer without complaints of hoarseness were diagnosed at an earlier stage than those with hoarseness. Accumulation of more cases may lead to better survival of patients with glottic cancer without hoarseness compared to those with hoarseness. Checking the larynx of patients without hoarseness or encouraging internists to check the larynx when performing gastroscopic or respiratory examinations may lead to improvement of glottic cancer prognosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E316-E320, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Few studies have investigated the prognostic factors for nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma. Methods This was a retrospective multicenter clinical study. The clinical records of 36 patients with nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma who had been first treated between 1996 and 2011 were collected from 12 hospitals. Results High serum levels of C-reactive protein (≥1.0 mg/dL), lactate dehydrogenase (≥350 IU/L), and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R; ≥600 U/mL) were associated with worse prognosis. A prognostic score was devised by totaling the number of these 3 predictors: 0 or 1 = score 0; and 2 or 3 = score 1. As for tumor invasion, local invasion beyond the nasal cavity was associated with poor prognosis, and a prognostic score was devised as: tumor restricted to nasal cavity, yes = score 0; no = score 1. A novel prognostic index (NPI) was established based on these scores from 0 to 2. Disease-specific survival rates at 5 years were: 90.0% for NPI = 0; 29.3% for NPI = 1; and 0.0% for NPI = 2. Conclusion Our NPI is valid for anticipating prognosis of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 551-556, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare condition of marrow hematopoietic stem-cell origin. Patients can show extranodal involvement as well as lymphatic involvement, but only about 5% of extranodal cases involve intracranial lesions. A 53-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Intracranial tumors and bone lesions were also detected. Cervical lymph node biopsy and intracranial tumor resection were performed, and histopathological examination revealed Rosai-Dorfman disease. The patient showed good clinical course without significant enlargement of the tumor. This study describes the case of a patient with Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting with massive cervical lymphadenopathy mimicking malignant neoplasm. Laryngoscope, 124:701-704, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Hypothesis Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor is important in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory disease. We hypothesized that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plays a pivotal role in middle ear inflammation and that neutralization of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor would inhibit neutrophil migration into the middle ear and production of inflammatory mediators. Study Design Animal experiment. Methods We used transtympanic administration of lipopolysaccharide, a major component of gram-negative bacteria, into mice to induce an experimental otitis media. Control mice received injection of phosphate-buffered saline into the middle ear cavity. Mice were systemically treated with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralizing antibody or control immunoglobulin G via intraperitoneal injection 2 hours before transtympanic injection of lipopolysaccharide or phosphate-buffered saline. Middle ear effusions were collected. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in middle ear effusions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic examination of the middle ear was also performed. Results Transtympanic injection of lipopolysaccharide upregulated levels of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-1β, TNF-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the middle ear. Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were significantly decreased in mice injected with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralizing antibody. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the middle ear cavity induced by lipopolysaccharide was also significantly reduced by neutralization of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Conclusions Systemic injection of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralizing antibody inhibits the middle ear inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Our findings suggest that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor may offer a novel therapeutic target for the management of intractable otitis media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In Japan, pollen from Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa), species that have been planted in approximately 4.5 and 2.6 million ha, respectively, is spread wide through aerial dispersion in spring. Consequently, Japanese cedar/cypress pollinosis ( JCCP) is the major phenotype of allergic rhinitis ( AR) in Japan, and significantly impairs the quality of life ( QOL). Compared with Japanese cedar pollinosis, the pathogenesis and management of Japanese cypress pollinosis remain unclear. Cha o 1 and Cha o 2 are major allergens in Japanese cypress pollen, and have considerable homology with Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, respectively, in Japanese cedar pollen. Several other components were recently identified in Japanese cypress pollen, and may facilitate allergic inflammation via IgE-independent mechanisms. Allergen-specific CD4+ Th2 cells producing interleukin ( IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-31 are believed to play central roles in the pathogenesis of AR. The major human T cell epitopes in Cha o 1 and Cha o 2 have been identified. Compared with those in Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, both common and unique T cell epitopes in the cypress allergens have been characterized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) produced these Th2-type cytokines in response to a crude extract of Japanese cypress pollen. Among these cytokines, induction of antigen-specific IL-5 and IL-31 production is closely associated with the onset and exacerbation of Japanese cypress pollinosis, respectively. Allergen-specific immunotherapy using a standardized extract of Japanese cedar pollen is effective in controlling both naso-ocular symptoms and QOL during the period of cedar pollen dispersion, although the significant efficacy tends to be reduced during the period of cypress pollen dispersion, especially when the pollen dispersion is high. IL-5 production by PBMCs in response to the crude extract of Japanese cypress pollen did not differ significantly between patients with and without the immunotherapy, suggesting that unique component(s) in Japanese cypress pollen can induce IL-5 production, which is not fully suppressed by immunotherapy with the standardized extract of cedar pollen. The Practical Guideline for Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Japan recommends that patients who experience severe symptoms of pollinosis every year should receive early interventional treatment. Although early interventional treatment with a histamine H1 receptor antagonist ( H1RA) is effective for Japanese cedar pollinosis, especially at the beginning of the season, this treatment has limitations for Japanese cypress pollinosis when exposure to the pollen is high. Combined therapy with a leukotriene receptor antagonist and/or intranasal corticosteroids may be required to fully control the worsening of JCCP during the cypress pollen season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many clinical and pathological prognostic factors such as tumor stage and lymph-node involvement have been described, to date no reliable or clinically applicable marker or tumor aggressiveness has been identified for head and neck cancer. In an attempt to identify such a molecular prognostic marker, we analyzed the mRNA expression status of ING3 by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. We also examined p53 mutation status and investigated its relationship with ING3, as well its clinicopathological characteristics. About half of the 71 tumor samples demonstrated downregulation of ING3 compared to their matched normal counterparts. Although most clinicopathological variables were not significantly related to ING3 downregulation or p53 mutation status, a significant relationship was detected in terms of overall survival between the cases with low and normal to high ING3 expression. At 5 years follow up, approximately 60% of the patients with normal to high ING3 expression survived, whereas this was 35% in the patients with low ING3 expression. Multivariate analysis also showed downregulation of ING3 as an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival. These results reveal that ING3 would function as a potential tumor suppressor molecule and that low levels of ING3 may indicate an aggressive nature of head and neck cancer. ( Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 531–538) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We sought to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles of 3p, 6q, 8q, 10q, 12q, 13q, and 17p and to identify the tumor suppressor genes involved in salivary gland neoplasms. Study Design: LOH analysis was performed using 26 microsatellite markers by polymerase chain reaction−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method in 20 benign and 6 malignant salivary gland tumors. Results: Overall, LOH was detected in at least one informative locus in 18 of 20 (90%) of benign tumors and in all of 6 cases of malignant tumors. High LOH frequencies were revealed at the loci D3S1307 (22%, 3p26), D3S966 (41%, 3p21), D6S255 (27%, 6q25), D8S166 (25%, 8q12), D8S199 (21%, 8q24), and D10S1765 (28%, 10q23) in benign tumors, defining the hotspot regions for putative tumor suppressor genes. Conclusions and Significance: The hotspot regions defined by the present study suggest that new tumor suppressor genes related to the development of salivary gland tumors may reside at several chromosomal loci, including loci at 3p, 6q, 8q and 10q. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Histamine not only mediates immediate allergic reactions, it also regulates cellular immune responses. H4R is the most recently identified histamine receptor (HR). In the present study, we examined the in vitro effect of histamine and H4R agonists on the responses of human T cells to purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD) and to Cry j1, the major allergen of Cryptomeria japonica pollen. Dimaprit, clobenpropit and clozapine, which are H4R agonists, dose-dependently blocked both PPD-induced interferon-γ and Cry j1-induced interleukin-5 production by both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and antigen-specific T-cell lines. However, the addition of thioperamide, an H3R/H4R antagonist, as well as a mixture of d-chlropheniramine, famotidine and thioperamide, did not reverse the inhibition. Pretreatment of PBMCs with SQ22536 and 8-bromoadenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer, had varying abilities to reverse the inhibitory effects of H4R agonists, except for clobenpropit. Moreover, the addition of H4R agonists induced annexin-V expression on PBMCs, especially in CD19+ and CD4+ cells. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that, among 16 600 genes tested, increased expression following treatment with clozapine was seen in 0·8% of the genes, whereas decreased expression was seen in 3·0% of the genes. These results suggest that H4R agonists inhibit antigen-specific human T-cell responses, although H4R does not appear to be important for this effect. In addition, the present study indicated that there may be orphan receptors or HR subtypes which can bind dimaprit, clobenpropit and clozapine, and that can exert an inhibitory effect on antigen-specific cellular responses via a cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent, apoptotic pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator that displays important immunomodulatory properties, such as polarization of cytokine production by T cells. Recent investigations have revealed that the effect of PGE2 on cytokine production is greatly influenced by external stimuli; however, it is unclear whether PGE2 plays a significant role in major histocompatibility complex-mediated antigen-specific T-cell responses via binding to one of four subtypes of E prostanoid (EP) receptor alone or in combination. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of PGE2 on antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in humans, especially in terms of receptor specificity. We used purified protein derivative (PPD) and Cry j 1 as T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2-inducing antigens, respectively. We generated several different Cry j 1- and PPD-specific T-cell lines (TCLs). PGE2 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and subsequent production of interleukin-4 by Cry j 1-specific TCLs and of interferon-γ by PPD-specific TCLs upon antigen stimulation. Administration of EP2 receptor agonist and EP4 receptor agonist suppressed these responses in an adenylate cyclase-dependent manner, while EP1 and EP3 receptor agonists did not. Messenger RNA for EP2, EP3 and EP4, but not EP1, receptors were detected in Cry j 1- and PPD-specific TCLs, and no differences in EP receptor expression were observed between them. Furthermore, PGE2 and EP2 receptor agonist significantly inhibited interleukin-5 and interferon-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to Cry j 1 and PPD stimulation, respectively. These results suggest that PGE2 suppresses both Th1- and Th2-polarized antigen-specific human T-cell responses via a cAMP-dependent EP2/EP4-mediated pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acorrection is presented to the article ''Glottic cancer in patients without complaints of hoarseness'' which appeared in the Volume 38 April 2016 issue.

Objective: Prostaglandin D2 is the major prostanoid involved in infection and allergy. D prostanoid receptor (DP) and chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 (Th2) cells (CRTH2) are major prostaglandin D2 receptors. The purpose of this study is to disclose the role of prostaglandin D2 receptors in otitis media. Method: Experimental otitis media was induced by middle ear injection of lipopolysaccharide. DP single gene‐deficient (DP‐/‐) mice, CRTH2 single gene‐deficient (CRTH2‐/‐) mice, and DP/CRTH2 double gene‐deficient (DP‐/‐ CRTH2‐/‐) mice also received lipopolysaccharide. Concentrations of cytokines in middle ear effusion were measured by ELISA. Results: Significant production of cytokines and chemokines was detected in lipopolysaccharide‐treated wild‐type mice. CRTH2‐/‐ mice also showed significant up regulation of inflammatory reactions. In contrast to CRTH2‐/‐ mice, infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 2, IL‐1‐beta, and IL‐6 induced by lipopolysaccharide were reduced significantly in DP‐/‐ mice and DP‐/‐CRTH2‐/‐ mice. Conclusion: These findings indicate that DP may play significant roles in pathogenesis of experimental otitis media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator that displays important immunomodulatory properties, such as polarization of cytokine production by T cells. Recent investigations have revealed that the effect of PGE2 on cytokine production is greatly influenced by external stimuli; however, it is unclear whether PGE2 plays a significant role in major histocompatibility complex-mediated antigen-specific T-cell responses via binding to one of four subtypes of E prostanoid (EP) receptor alone or in combination. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of PGE2 on antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in humans, especially in terms of receptor specificity. We used purified protein derivative (PPD) and Cry j 1 as T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2-inducing antigens, respectively. We generated several different Cry j 1- and PPD-specific T-cell lines (TCLs). PGE2 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and subsequent production of interleukin-4 by Cry j 1-specific TCLs and of interferon-γ by PPD-specific TCLs upon antigen stimulation. Administration of EP2 receptor agonist and EP4 receptor agonist suppressed these responses in an adenylate cyclase-dependent manner, while EP1 and EP3 receptor agonists did not. Messenger RNA for EP2, EP3 and EP4, but not EP1, receptors were detected in Cry j 1- and PPD-specific TCLs, and no differences in EP receptor expression were observed between them. Furthermore, PGE2 and EP2 receptor agonist significantly inhibited interleukin-5 and interferon-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to Cry j 1 and PPD stimulation, respectively. These results suggest that PGE2 suppresses both Th1- and Th2-polarized antigen-specific human T-cell responses via a cAMP-dependent EP2/EP4-mediated pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]