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Background: Spermatozoa become competent for fertilization during transit through the epididymis. As spermatozoa from the proximal caudal epididymis can fertilize eggs, proteins from the caput and corpus epididymis are required for sperm maturation. Objectives: Microarray analysis identified that more than 17,000 genes are expressed in the epididymis; however, few of these genes demonstrate expression restricted to the epididymis. To analyze epididymis‐enriched gene function in vivo, we generated knockout (KO) mutations in nine genes that are abundantly expressed in the caput and corpus region of the epididymis. Materials and methods: KO mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The histology of the epididymis was observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. KO males were caged with wild‐type females for 3–6 months to check fertility. Results: We generated individual mutant mouse lines having indel mutations in Pate1, Pate2, or Pate3. We also deleted the coding regions of Clpsl2, Epp13, and Rnase13, independently. Finally, the 150 kb region encoding Gm1110, Glb1l2, and Glb1l3 was deleted to generate a triple KO mouse line. Histology of the epididymis and sperm morphology of all KO lines were comparable to control males. The females mated with these KO males delivered pups at comparable numbers as control males. Discussion and conclusion: We revealed that nine genes abundantly expressed in the caput and corpus epididymis are dispensable for sperm function and male fecundity. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated KO mice generation accelerates the screening of epididymis‐enriched genes for potential functions in reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: When a transformer is energized, inrush currents whose magnitudes may reach tens of its nominal current occur. Since the inrush currents lead to a voltage drop, this may cause stops and malfunctions of electrical appliances. In addition, the overcurrents may cause an unnecessary operation of an overcurrent relay and affect the power quality of the distribution system. Currently, distribution system operators use current‐versus‐time curves of transformer inrush currents for the studies of such phenomena. However, the studies based on the current‐versus‐time curve give approximate results, and studies based on the current‐versus‐flux curve is required so as to obtain accurate results. Considering this point, this report proposes a method to convert a given current‐versus‐time curve to a current‐versus‐flux one for the case of single‐phase transformers. Using the current‐versus‐flux curve obtained, detailed simulations can be performed using an electromagnetic transient analysis program such as XTAP. In this report, the proposed method is validated by experimental results using a single‐phase transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Due to the rapid spread of renewable energy power sources in recent years, voltage rise problems in distribution systems caused by reverse power flow from these renewable energy power sources especially from photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems are of great concern. To cope with this kind of problems, conventional voltage regulation devices such as load‐ratio transformers in the substation and step voltage regulators (SVRs) on the distribution line are basically used. If their voltage regulation capability is not sufficient, the power conditioning systems of PV power generation systems may be modified so as to supply reactive power and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) may be applied to the distribution system. Therefore, the coordination of these conventional and new voltage regulation devices is necessary for the design of smarter distribution systems, and electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations of distribution systems with these devices have to be carried out to assess power quality. To this end, the authors have developed EMT simulation models of distribution substations, SVRs and distribution STATCOMs, and they are routinely used for power quality assessment studies. This paper presents these simulation models and a simulation example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are species differences in the regulatory system for sperm capacitation and subsequent hyperactivation between livestock and laboratory animals. In livestock spermatozoa, it is poorly understood when and how extracellular Ca2+ is necessary for hyperactivation, although it has been demonstrated that the [Ca2+] i increase is indispensable to occurrence of hyperactivation. In this study, we examined necessity of extracellular Ca2+ for the initiation and maintenance of hyperactivation and then sought possible target molecule of Ca2+ that was involved in hyperactivation of boar spermatozoa. Boar ejaculated spermatozoa were pre-incubated with a cell-permeable cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP) analog ' cBiMPS' and without CaCl2 to induce the cAMP-triggered events including capacitation-associated changes. Subsequently, they were incubated with CaCl2 to induce hyperactivation and then used for motility assessment. Many of the spermatozoa after the incubation exhibited full-type hyperactivation which was characterized by high-amplitude and extremely asymmetrical beating of whole middle piece and principal piece. The initiation of full-type hyperactivation required the millimolar concentration of CaCl2 in the medium. However, CaCl2 of the medium was less necessary for maintenance than initiation of full-type hyperactivation, as hyperactivated spermatozoa were barely affected by the incubation with the Ca2+-chelating reagent. On the other hand, the pre-treatment with the inhibitor for Ca2+-dependent protease 'calpain 1 and 2' clearly suppressed the occurrence of CaCl2-induced hyperactivation without influences on the percentages of motile spermatozoa. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence showed distribution of calpain 2 in the middle and principal pieces in which full-type hyperactivated spermatozoa exhibited extremely asymmetrical beating. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the millimolar concentration of extracellular Ca2+ is necessary for the initiation, but not for the maintenance of full-type hyperactivation in boar spermatozoa that beforehand undergo the cAMP-triggered events including capacitation-associated changes. Moreover, we suggest possible involvement of calpain 2 in the intracellular Ca2+ signal transduction leading to full-type hyperactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two scombropid fishes, Scombrops boops and Scombrops gilberti, are closely related and commercially important species in Japan. These species are often confused in commercial markets because of their morphological similarity. In this study, scombropid specimens collected from various Japanese coastal waters were subjected to polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene in mitochondrial DNA. These analyses showed that all the scombropid specimens collected from localities in the Sea of Japan were identified as S. boops, whereas those from the Pacific Ocean included two species, S. boops and S. gilberti. Almost all juvenile (<200 mm standard body length, SL) S. gilberti originated from the Pacific coastal waters of the northern Japan, whereas adults (>400 mm SL) were found only in deep water off the Izu Peninsula to the Izu Islands. This suggests that S. gilberti might migrate extensively during its life cycle. In addition, differences in the number of specimens and the distribution between the two species suggest that S. gilberti is less abundant than S. boops in Japanese waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porcine MX1 and MX2 promoters were characterized in this study. Sequencing of the 332-bp MX1 promoter region identified 15 substitutions and insertions at three positions in 21 pigs from 15 breeds, in which nine genotypes were classified. Among the nine genotypes, no statistically significant differences in the promoter activities were observed after interferon (IFN- α 2b) treatment of transiently transfected cells containing constructs with luciferase reporter plasmids. The 341-bp MX2 promoter region contained regulatory sequences for ISRE, GC box, Sp1 and AP-1, as well as a TATA box. Nucleotide sequences of the MX2 promoter region revealed four substitutions and one deletion, in which six genotypes were classified. Among the six genotypes, a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) in MX2 promoter activities after IFN- α 2b treatment was detected in transiently transfected cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The clinical phenotype is 8 to 10 times more prevalent in males than in females in patients with Brugada syndrome. Brugada syndrome has been reported to be thinner than asymptomatic normal controls. We tested the hypothesis that higher testosterone level associated with lower visceral fat may relate to Brugada phenotype and male predominance. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured body-mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), and several hormonal levels, including testosterone, in 48 Brugada males and compared with those in 96 age-matched control males. Brugada males had significantly higher testosterone (631 +/- 176 vs 537 +/- 158 ng/dL; P = 0.002), serum sodium, potassium, and chloride levels than those in control males by univariate analysis, and even after adjusting for age, exercise, stress, smoking, and medication of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, whereas there were no significant differences in other sex and thyroid hormonal levels. Brugada males had significantly lower BMI (22.1 +/- 2.9 vs 24.6 +/- 2.6 kg/m(2); P < 0.001) and BF% (19.6 +/- 4.9 vs 23.1 +/- 4.7%; P < 0.001) than control males. Testosterone level was inversely correlated with BMI and BF% in both groups, even after adjusting for the confounding variables. Conditional logistic regression models analysis showed significant positive and inverse association between Brugada syndrome and hypertestosteronemia (OR:3.11, 95% CI:1.22-7.93, P = 0.017) and BMI (OR:0.72, 95% CI:0.61-0.85, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher testosterone level associated with lower visceral fat may have a significant role in the Brugada phenotype and male predominance in Brugada syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of phosphorus content (510 to 987 ppm) on the gelatinization and retrogradation of 6 potato cultivars (Benimaru, Hokkaikogane, Irish Cobbler, Konafubuki, Sakurafubuki, and Touya) were studied. Pasting properties were analyzed by RVA, thermal properties by DSC, and mechanical properties of the starch gels by TA. Phosphorus was positively correlated with swelling power ( r= 0.84) and negatively correlated with solubility ( r= 0.83). Phosphorus content showed significant effect on certain pasting properties of potato starch such as peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback. Phosphorus content showed a significant positive correlation with peak viscosity ( r= 0.95) and breakdown ( r= 0.90). Increasing concentration of phosphorus tends to decrease the setback. Phosphorus content had no influence on thermal properties and mechanical properties of potato starch gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Recent anatomical and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated the presence of leftward posterior nodal extension (LPNE); however, its role in the genesis of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is poorly understood. This study was performed to characterize successful slow pathway (SP) ablation site and to elucidate the role of LPNE in genesis of atypical AVNRT with eccentric activation patterns within the coronary sinus (CS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 45 patients with atypical AVNRT (slow-slow/fast-slow/both = 20/22/3 patients) with concentric (n = 37, 82%) or eccentric CS activation (n = 8, 18%), successful ablation site was evaluated. Among 35/37 patients (95%) with concentric CS activation, ablation at the conventional SP region outside CS eliminated both retrograde SP conduction and AVNRT inducibility. Among eight patients with eccentric CS activation, the earliest retrograde atrial activation was found at proximal CS 16 +/- 4 mm distal to the ostium during AVNRT. The earliest retrograde activation site was located at inferior to inferoseptal mitral annulus, consistent with the presumed location of LPNE. Ablation at the conventional SP region with electroanatomical approach only rendered AVNRT nonsustained without elimination of retrograde SP conduction in seven of eight patients (88%). Ablation targeted to the earliest retrograde atrial activation site within proximal CS (15 +/- 4 mm distal to the ostium); however, eliminated retrograde SP conduction and rendered AVNRT noninducible in six of eight patients (75%). CONCLUSION: In 75% of 'left-variant' atypical AVNRT, ablation within proximal CS was required to eliminate eccentric retrograde SP conduction and render AVNRT noninducible, suggesting LPNE formed retrograde limb of reentrant circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many cases demonstrating the oral manifestations of langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have been reported; however, tooth development in jaw lesions has rarely been mentioned. This paper reports the case of a 3-year-old Japanese girl with LCH suffering from multiple osteolytic lesions of the skull and jaw bones. She was referred to our paediatric clinic because of swelling of the mucogingival folds in the upper and lower primary molar regions. The patient responded well to steroid therapy and the osteolytic lesions resolved. There was an accompanying development of permanent tooth germs included in the lesions. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children usually has a long-term clinical course and paediatric dentists should be involved with oral health care for affected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrospective investigations of odontomas in Japanese children and one recurrent case were carried out. Thirty-nine cases of odontoma in 38 children were treated in the Paediatric Dentistry Clinic of Niigata University Dental Hospital between September 1979 and December 2002. The patients consisted of 23 males and 15 females and their ages ranged from 1 year 2 months to 14 years old. The chief complaints were delayed tooth eruption in 19 cases (five: primary teeth, 14: permanent teeth), retention of primary teeth in 11, incidentally found on the radiographic examination in eight cases, and swelling of the jaw in one case. Thirty-four cases (87%) were associated with tooth eruption disturbances. The most frequently affected region was the maxillary anterior region. Treatment consisted of surgical removal of odontomas in all cases, after which if the impacted teeth did not erupt, exposure of the crown and/or orthodontic traction was performed. Pathological diagnoses were compound odontoma in 30 cases, complex odontoma (n = 7), and compound and complex odontoma (n = 2). A retrospective study of the radiographs revealed the developing process of odontomas in four cases and odontoma disturbed tooth eruption since the early uncalcified developing stage. A recurrent case was a boy aged 6 years 5 months in whom the first surgical removal of odontoma was performed at the age of 1 year 8 months. Recurrence of an odontoma is very rare, but in very young children odontomas are in the early developing stages, containing uncalcified portions, so it is important to perform periodical observations until the succedaneous teeth erupt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental fear and cooperation during dental treatment using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Methods. From the behaviour assessment of regular patients of the Pediatric Dental Clinic in Niigata University Dental Hospital (aged 5–12 years old), the patients were classified into two groups: uncooperative and cooperative. CFSS-DS questionnaires were sent to a total of 295 patients, 186 of which were returned, 61 from the uncooperative group and 125 from the cooperative group. Results. In the uncooperative and the cooperative groups, the CFSS-DS mean total scores were 31·79 and 24·02 (P < 0·05), respectively, and the ratios of the patients whose scores were equal to or more than 35 were 36·1 and 11·2%, respectively. Fear of ‘injections’ and ‘the dentist drilling’ had high scores in both groups. Conclusions. The results indicated that there are many uncooperative patients with low dental fear and cooperative patients with high dental fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. We present a rare case of an infant's palatal polyp associated with an impacted supernumerary tooth. We have previously reported three cases of palatal polyps in infants [1]. In one case, after surgical removal of the palatal polyp at the age of 1 year and 8 months, the lesion subsequently began swelling. A periapical radiograph at the age of 2 years and 9 months revealed a small calcified mass in the maxillary left incisor region. The swelling was kept under observation, the calcified mass developed gradually and was removed surgically at the age of 5 years and 5 months. The removed calcified mass was clinically diagnosed as an impacted supernumerary tooth and this was confirmed histologically. Histological findings did not indicate any relationship between the palatal polyp and the impacted supernumerary tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. A rare case of fusion between maxillary primary central incisors and supplemental teeth occurring bilaterally, accompanied by succedaneous supernumerary teeth, is presented. The patient was an 8·5-year-old Japanese boy. Intraoral examination revealed fusion of left and right maxillary primary central incisors to supplemental teeth, which had labial and lingual grooves. The maxillary primary lateral incisors were present. Radiographs showed that the fused teeth had separate roots, pulp chambers and root canals. There were two impacted supernumerary teeth and eruption of the permanent maxillary central incisors was delayed. Treatment was performed and the fused primary teeth and the impacted supernumerary teeth were extracted. After 6 months observation, surgical exposure of the two crowns of the permanent maxillary central incisors was performed. The teeth began to erupt and have since been kept under observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that intracellular glutathione, a ubiquitous intracellular thiol, is related to cell proliferation and that cysteine or its disulphide form, cystine, also induces cell proliferation. Cysteine is a thiol containing amino acid and a rate-limiting precursor of glutathione. Therefore, it is still unresolved as to whether the proliferative effect of cysteine or cystine is entirely mediated by a change in the intracellular glutathione status. The objective of this study was to delineate the relationship among cysteine/cystine (thereafter referred to as cyst(e)ine), intracellular glutathione and cell proliferation in the human colon cancer CaCo-2 cell line. CaCo-2 cells were cultured in cyst(e)ine-free Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium without serum, and treated with 200 µm cysteine and/or 200–400 µm cystine for 24 h. In the presence of DL-buthionine-[S, R]-sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione synthesis inhibitor, exogenously administered cyst(e)ine did not change the intracellular glutathione content, but increased the intracellular cysteine as well as cystine level. Addition of exogenous cyst(e)ine following 5 mm BSO treatment significantly increased cell proliferation as measured by 3 H-thymidine incorporation and protein content. Cell cycle analyses revealed that cyst(e)ine promoted cell progression from the G1 phase to the S phase. Correspondingly, cyst(e)ine treatment induced expression of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). In conclusion, these data indicate that both cysteine and cystine have proliferative effects in CaCo-2 cells independent of an increase in intracellular glutathione. Induction of cyclin D1, phosphorylation of Rb, and subsequent facilitation of G1 -to-S phase transition were involved in the proliferative effect of exogenous cyst(e)ine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to clarify the cause and prognosis of eruption disturbance of mandibular permanent canines. Sample and Methods. Fifteen Japanese children who visited Niigata University Dental Hospital between 1979 and 1997 with unerupted and/or impacted mandibular permanent canines were examined. Results. All cases showed unilateral disturbances. The eruption disturbance of 6 mandibular canines was associated with a calcified obstacle such as an odontoma (5 cases) or a supernumerary tooth (1 case). After removal of the obstacle, 5 canines were aligned within the dentition. Out of 10 cases, where the permanent canine germ showed malpositioning or aberrant eruption path, 5 primary predecessors had undergone endodontic treatment. In these 10 cases, 6 canines erupted after treatment, two were extracted and the remaining two were left in their impacted position. Conclusions. The present results suggest that it is relatively easy for the position of unerupted mandibular canines associated with calcified obstacles to be improved by removal of the obstacle, but that it is more difficult for teeth showing anomaly in the position of the canine germ to be aligned within the dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. Aim. The aim of this study was to review clinical findings in 14 impacted primary teeth in 13 cases treated at a Paediatric Dental Clinic over a period of 18 years. Method. The retrospective study used clinical records, radiographs and oral photographs. Data included age, gender, presenting complaints, location, radiographic findings, aetiological factors, treatment and prognosis of impacted primary teeth and their permanent successors. Results. The patients included five males and eight females aged from one year two months to seven years five months. One case had impacted bilateral, mandibular primary central incisors and the remaining 12 cases each had one impacted tooth. The maxillary second primary molar was the tooth most frequently involved. Permanent successor tooth germs were identified in 12 teeth but not in two. Five cases were impacted because of odontomas, in the case with bilaterally affected mandibular primary central incisors these were malpositioned and were erupting ectopically. In seven cases, aetiology was unknown. Four impacted primary teeth were extracted because eruption was unlikely. In four cases, odontomas were surgically removed and the teeth kept under observation. The remaining six were surgically exposed. Traction was applied in two of the six. Eight of the teeth erupted. In two teeth in which traction was used, one was subsequently extracted, and one erupted. In the cases of seven, permanent successors erupted. These were hypoplastic teeth and were delayed in development and eruption. Conclusions. Impacted primary teeth may be associated with defects in development and eruption of their permanent successors, long-term observation is therefore necessary until the permanent successors erupt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract – Between 1979 and 1997, 58 avulsed primary teeth were treated at the Pedodontic Clinic of Niigata University Dental Hospital. Among these, we replanted six avulsed incisors of four patients and treated two teeth of two patients replanted at other dental clinics. Referring to the clinical records, oral photographs and radiographs, we examined the injury age, cause of injury, condition of tooth storage, length of time until replantation, and also the prognosis after replantation. Three teeth of two cases remained until eruption of their permanent successors, and one tooth of one case remained under observation without extraction. Although the other four teeth of three cases resulted in extraction, no secondary infection was detected due to replantation. The following reasons were suspected for the poor prognosis of the four teeth. One avulsed tooth was not fixed immediately after replantation. One replanted tooth might not have been compatible with the alveolar socket. In the other two teeth, the periodontal vital tissues might have been removed before replantation. It is generally suggested that replantation of primary teeth is not a good option. However, from the present results, it was considered that replantation can be an effectual method when the condition of the avulsed primary tooth is suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An implantable glucose monitoring device based on a CMOS line sensor combined with a glucose‐responsive fluorescent hydrogel is developed. An implantable glucose monitoring device with sufficient sensitivity and response time is realised, which is an improvement over the authors' previous proof‐of‐concept device. A reduction of the sensor size made the device diameter injectable with a commercially available 16‐gauge syringe needle. The sensor's performance was confirmed through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of gastrocolic fistula caused by the ingestion of two magnets that appeared as a single magnet on multidirectional radiographs and computed tomography (CT). This case showed gastrocolic fistula caused by the ingestion of two magnets that appeared as a single magnet on multidirectional radiographs and CT. Gastrointestinal: Pediatric pseudo-single magnet ingestion diagnosed by multidirectional X-ray and computed tomography. [Extracted from the article]

Several causes of eruption disturbances in upper permanent central incisors have been described. This report describes six cases in which the failure of maxillary permanent central incisors to erupt appears to be associated with developmental anomalies in the adjacent permanent lateral incisors. The root formation of the unerupted central incisors was delayed in comparison to the contralateral incisors as was the development of the adjacent lateral incisors. The shapes of the crowns were abnormal and in five cases out of the six described, the primary predecessors of the unerupted incisors were fused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrous lesions are common in the oral cavity, however, in infants they are rarely reported. We present three cases of palatal polyps in infants aged 2 days, 3 months and 7 months. In two cases, the treatment was surgical removal and in one case the polyp decreased in size and surgical removal was not required. In two infants, the diagnosis was confirmed histologically as fibroepithelial hyperplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to clarify the antibacterial efficacy of mixed antibacterial drugs on bacteria of carious and endodontric lesions of human deciduous teeth in vitro. The antibacterial drugs used in this study were mixtures of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, plus a third antibiotic: amoxcillin, cefaclor, cefroxadine, fosfomycin or rokitamycin. samples taken from carious dentin (17 cases) and infected pulpal tissues (14 cases) were cultured on control plates and plates containing the mixed drugs. No bacteria were recovered in the presence of any combination of the mixture of the drugs(100 μg each/ml), and the bacterial growth occurred on control pates (101 to 107 colony-forming units), indicating that the mixed drugs inhibit the growth of bacteria in the samples. when carious and endodontic lesions on split surfaces of freshly extracted teeth were covered overnight with α-tricalcium phosphate cement containing a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and cefaclor (1%each; 5 cases), no bacteria were recovered from the lesions. No bacteria were immersed in a solution of the mixture (200 μg each/ml; 5 cases). These findings indicate that carious and endodontic lesions can be sterilized by the mixed drugs in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. Odontomes associated with primary teeth are rare. This report describes two cases of compound odontome associated with impacted maxillary primary central incisors in patients aged 1 year 8 months and 1 year 2 months, the latter being the youngest to have been reported with the condition. The odontomes were removed under local anaesthesia. Histological examination revealed immature dental tissues in both cases, but no evidence of root formation. Case 1 revealed 'ghost cells' within the enamel epithelium. The impacted incisors erupted following removal of the odontomes; in Case 2 the crown had an unusual ridge on its labial surface, extending from the gingival margin to a few millimetres from the incisal edge. Résumé. Les odontomes associés aux dents temporaires sont rares. Cette étude décrit deux cas d'odontomes complexes, associés à des incisives centrales maxillaires temporaires non évoluées, chez deux sujets âgés de 1 an 8 mois et 1 an 2 mois, ce dernier étant le plus jeune cas rapporté dans la littérature. Les odontomes furent extraits sous anesthésie locale. l'examen histologique a montré des tissus dentaires immatures dans les deux cas, mais aucune formation radiculaire. Le cas 1 montrait des 'cellules fantômes' dans l'épithélium de l'émail. Les incisives retenues ont fait leur éruption après suppression des odontomes; dans le cas 2, la couronne avait une crête inhabituelle sur la surface labiale, s'étendany du bord gingival à quelques millimétres du bord incisif. Zusammenfassung. Odomtome sind selten im Milchgebiss. In dieser Arbeit werden 2 Fälle von Odomtome beschrieben im Zusammenhang mit impaktierten zentralen oberen Schneidezähne bei 2 Patienten im Alter von 1 Jahr 8 Monate und von 1 Jahr und 2 Monate. Die Odomtome wurden entfernt, histologisch fand man unreifes Zahngewebe ohne Wurzelbildung. Im ersten Fall fand man 'Ghost' Zellen im Schmelzepithelium. Nach Entfernung der Odomtome brachen die inpaktierten Zähne durch. Im zweiten Fall fand man eine unübliche Vorwölbung auf der Gingiva bis fast an der Inzisalen Kante reichend. Resumen. Los odontomos asociados a la dentición temporal son raros. Este artículo describe dos casos de odontomas compuestos asociados a incisivos centrales temporales impactados en pacientes de 1.8 y 1.2 años. El de 1.2 años es el más jóven reportado en la literatura. Los odontomas fueron removidas bajo anestesia local. El examen histológico reveló tejido dental inmaduro en ambos casos, pero no hubo evidencia de formación radicular. El Caso í reveló 'células fantasmas' dentro del epitelio del esmalte. Los incisivos impactados erupcionaron después de la remoción de los odontomas. En la Caso 2, la corona mostró un reborde inusual en la superficie vestibular extendiéndose desde el margen gingival hasta unos milímetros del borde incisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. A patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and anodontia was studied clinically and cephalometrically from 6 to 18 years of age. This case is exceptional in that the patient was a young girl. Five sets of complete dentures were fitted during this period. Periodic recall examination and adjustment maintained good oral function and aesthetics. Serial cephalometric analysis of craniofacial development revealed that growth of the maxilla was slightly reduced, but there was no detectable effect in the mandible. Three-dimensional analysis of the alveolar ridge form from serial casts showed that increase of the anteroposterior arch dimension was larger than that of the lateral arch dimension in both jaws. There was a lateral expansion in the anterior and premolar regions and a considerable height increase in the posterior tooth region of the upper alveolar ridge. Our findings support those of Sarnart et al. (1953) in showing that lack of teeth did not affect growth of the jaws. Résumé. Un patient souffrant de dysplasie ectodermique hypohhidrotique avec anodontie a été étudié cliniquement et par examen céphalométriques de l'âge de 6 à 18 ans. Ce cas est exceptionnel du fait du jeune âge de la patiente. Cinq jeux de prothéses complétes ont été préparé pendant cette période. Des consultations systématiques de contrôle ont permis de maintenir une bonne fonction et une bonne esthétique. Une analyse céphalométrique par série du développement cranio-facial a montré que la croissance du maxillaire était légérement diminuée mais semblait normale à la mandibule. L'analyse tridimensionalle de la crête alvéolaire, à partir d'une série de moulages, a montré que l'augmentation de l'arc antéro-postérieur était plus importante que celle de l'arc antérieur dans les deux maxillaires. Ont été noté une une augmentation transversale dans le secteur antérieur et des prémolaires et une augmentation importante de hauteur des procés alvéolaires dans la région molaire supérieure. Nos résultats confortent ceux de SARNAT et co (1953) montrant que l'absence de dents est sans conséquences sur la croissance des maxillaires. Zusammenfassung. Ein Patient mit der Diagnose einer Hypohidrotic Ectodermalen Dysplasie und einer Anodontia wurde klinisch und mit Fernröntenbilder vom 6-18. Lebensjahr überwacht. Der Fall bildete eine Ausnahme hiermit dass der Patient ein Mädchen war. Während dieser Periode wurden 5 Paare totaler Prothese angefertigt. Periodische Recalls ermöglichten dem Patienten eine gute orale Funktion und Aesthetik. Die F.R.-Röntgenserie zeigten, dass das Wachstum des Oberkiefers etwas retardiert war. Das Eachstum des Unterkiefers war normal. Die dreidimensionale Analyse des Alveolarkammes anhand der Modelle zeigte, das die Zunahme der anteroposterioren Bogendimension grösser war als diejenige der lateralen Bogendimension beider Kiefer. Eine laterale Vergrösserung in der Front und prämolaren Gegend und eine merkliche Höhe-Zunahme in der posterioren Region des oberen Kammes, wurde festgestellt. Unsere Befunde bestätigen die Resultate vor Sarnat et al. (1953) dass das Fehlen von Zähnen nicht das Wachsturn der Kiefer beeinflusst. Resumen. Un paciente con displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica y anodoncia fue estudiado clínica y cefalográficamente de 6 a 18 años de edad. El caso es excepcional porque el paciente fue niña. Cinco dentaduras completas fueron realizadas durante este período. Se realizaron exámenes periódicos los cuales aseguraron buena función oral y estética. Análisis cefalométricos seriados del desarrollo craneofacial mostraron que el crecimiento de la maxila fue ligeramente reducido, pero no se detectó ningun efecto en la mandíbula. Análisis tridimensionales del reborde alveolar de los medelos seriados demostraron que el aumento de la dimensión anteroposterior del arco fue mayor que la de la dimension lateral del arco. Hubo una expansión lateral en las regiones anterior y premolar y un considerable aumento en la altura en la región denaria posterior en el reborde alveolar superior. Nuestros resultados dan apoyo a los de Sarnat et al. (1953) al demostrar que la falta de dientes no afectó el crecimiento de los maxilares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low leakage current and high B for a Schottky contact on a thin-In-GaP/InAlAs heterostructure were obtained using annealed Pt Schottky contact metal. An InP-based HEMT using the annealed Pt-based-metals/thin-InGaP/InAlAs Schottky gate contact exhibited dc and rf performance comparable to that of a conventional InP-based HEMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opercula of teeth delayed in eruption were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to determine the possible causes for tooth eruption failure. Specimens were obtained from 58 patients with non-erupted teeth by surgical removal of their gingival opercula. Among the 61 specimens, 31 (50.8%) were diagnosed as pericoronal myxofibrous hyperplasia (PMH), 8 (13.1%) as infantile ameloblastic fibromatosis (IAF), and 19 (31.2%) as odontomas. Histopathologically, PMH is characterized by hyperplasia of odontogenic mesenchymal tissues with a myxoid appearance in which odontogenic epithelial islands and mesenchymal multinucleated giant cells are scattered randomly. Between the mucosal epithelium and the PMH, there is a layer of fibrosis, whose matrix is strongly immunopositive for tenascin. The PMH seems to induce its overlying gingival mucosa to remodel the connective tissue, which obstructs tooth eruption. IAF is usually located adjacent to the PMH and shows an ameloblastic fibroma-like histology with atrophic ameloblastic components and poor encapsulation. The findings suggest that IAF associated with PMH is not a true neoplasm and should be distinguished from ameloblastic fibromas by the name of IAF, and that both lesions are included in the range of hamartomas formed only in the pericoronal tissue of teeth in eruption. We propose to categorize these lesions into a new disease entity of pericoronal hamartomas of odontogenic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palm‐sized optical measurement device capable of polarisation rotation and single‐wavelength absorption measurements is presented. The device is equipped with a polarisation‐analysing CMOS image sensor with an on‐chip multi‐angular polariser array. The volume of the device is as small as 51 cm3, which is smaller than both 1/1000 of a conventional desktop polarimeter and 1/10 of the previous device. The capability of the proposed device to perform simultaneous polarisation rotation/single‐wavelength absorption measurements is experimentally verified through in situ monitoring of a photochemical reaction performed in a microflow reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for wireless data transmission from an implantable image sensor through the biological tissue as a conductive medium is reported. A battery‐powered implantable image sensor unit is dipped in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) as the simulant body solution and received the data signal through the PBS. Its equivalent circuit model for simulation is also proposed. The transmitted signal waveforms are in good agreement with the simulation result. Image recovery from the signal obtained from the implantable image sensor received outside the PBS is also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of metastable ion abundances over a dynamic range of 105 is possible with a specially designed mass spectrometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]