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Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by Hemileia vastatrix, poses a significant threat to global coffee production, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study explores the effectiveness of triazole derivatives synthesized from glycerol in controlling CLR in conilon coffee (Coffea canephora). In vitro assays evaluated the inhibitory effect of triazole derivatives (4a–4q) at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm on H. vastatrix urediniospore germination, followed by greenhouse experiments to assess their preventive and curative potential. Preventive and curative sprayings of the four most efficient triazoles were conducted on seedlings inoculated with H. vastatrix at concentrations ranging from 0 to 400 ppm, evaluating severity, sporulation, incubation and latent periods. Triazole derivatives 4b, 4d, 4f and 4o effectively suppressed H. vastatrix urediniospore germination, achieving reductions between 9.9% and 78.8%. In greenhouse trials, these compounds demonstrated preventive efficacy by prolonging incubation and latent periods, reducing sporulation and mitigating rust severity, with triazole 4f exhibiting the highest efficiency. Furthermore, the derivatives showed effectiveness in curative treatments, particularly triazole 4f. Physiological analyses indicated no significant alterations in coffee plant metabolism, suggesting the safety of these compounds for agricultural use. Molecular docking studies elucidated their mechanism of action, suggesting their potential as antifungal agents by interacting with the HvCYP51 enzyme involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. Overall, the study underscores the promising efficacy of glycerol‐derived triazole derivatives in managing CLR, providing sustainable solutions for disease control in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photobiomodulation (PBM) shows beneficial effects on obesity‐related alterations. It is not known if dual‐ is more beneficial than single‐wavelength, nor the dose–response effect of such treatments. The effects of different doses of single‐ and dual‐wavelength whole‐body PBM on metabolic parameters in obese mice were evaluated. Male Swiss albino mice were fed with standard (Chow) or a cafeteria (CAF) diet and allocated into Sham (lights off), and PBM (whole‐body blanket (140 cm2) composed of 20 LED clusters, 2.14 mW/cm2/cluster, for 67 or 133 s: 1 or 2 J per cluster; 20 and 40 J total energy; and 0.143 and 0.286 J/cm2) with 660 nm (660), 850 (850) nm, or 660 nm + 850 nm (660/850). CAF induced insulin resistance that was inhibited in 660–1, 660–2, 850–1, and 660/850–2. CAF increased serum total cholesterol that was inhibited in 660–1, 660–2, 850–1, 660/850–1, and 660/850–2. There were no PBM‐induced changes in other variables assessed. The effects of whole‐body PBM in metabolic paraments in obese mice were wavelength and dose dependent: increasing the dose for 660 did not affect the outcomes; increasing the dose for 850 negatively affected the outcomes, and increasing the dose for 660/850 was mostly beneficial on the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a case study of a 26-year-old female patient with anetoderma, initially presenting as leprosy due to prolonged steroid use. The patient had asymptomatic oval and saccular papules and plaques on her upper limbs, with histopathological evidence confirming indeterminate leprosy. The study highlights the challenges of diagnosing leprosy in patients with prolonged steroid use and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach and pharmacovigilance in endemic areas. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Modern cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have mechanisms that prevent damage from external electric shocks, and malfunction following accidental electrocution is rare. However, the effects of lightning injuries in patients with CIEDs are uncertain. Case presentation: A 74‐year‐old man with a dual‐chamber pacemaker due to complete heart block was struck by a lightning while farming. He had no serious injury at the time and sought medical evaluation 1 month later, when he presented with asymptomatic bradycardia. Device interrogation suggested major battery and lead damage, requiring extraction and subsequent placement of a new pacing system. Discussion: While a previous report depicted pacing threshold elevation without extensive device impairment, our patient presented with major damage to the whole pacing system. The factors contributing to these divergent outcomes are unclear. Differences in injury mechanism, pacemaker model, and the pattern of electric current dispersion within the device may each play a part in this discrepancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature is unclear about how the different attachment systems for overdentures impact the maximum bite force, the masticatory efficiency and how this impact in the oral health self‐perception in patients. Objective: To evaluate the effect of two attachment systems (O‐ring and Locator) for mandibular overdenture using single implant on quality of life, maximum bite force (BF) and masticatory efficiency (ME). Methods: Twenty‐eight completely edentulous denture wearers with a mandibular symphysis implant were randomly selected and allocated into two groups in a crossover study, considering O‐ring and Locator attachment types. The quality of life and self‐perception of oral health were assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐Edent) and Geriatric Index of Determination of Oral Health (GOHAI) questionnaires, respectively. BF was measured using a gnathodynamometer and ME by chewing silicone cubes and almonds in different numbers of cycles. Results: There was no difference between the attachment systems about self‐perceived oral health and impact on quality of life (p >.05). The O‐ring‐type system obtained a significantly higher BF than the locator‐type system (p =.04). Regardless of the food chewed, no statistically significant difference was observed with the type of attachment (p >.05). The ME was directly proportional to the masticatory cycles only for almonds (p <.01). Conclusions: Locator and O‐ring inserts had a similar impact on patients' quality of life, self‐perception of oral health and ME. Additionally, the O‐ring system exhibited superior properties in the BF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aedes aegypti females are natural vectors of important arboviruses such as dengue, zika, and yellow fever. Mosquitoes activate innate immune response signaling pathways upon infection, as a resistance mechanism to fight pathogens and limit their propagation. Despite the beneficial effects of immune activation for insect vectors, phenotypic costs ultimately affect their fitness. However, the underlying mechanisms that mediate these fitness costs remain poorly understood. Given the high energy required to mount a proper immune response, we hypothesized that systemic activation of innate immunity would impair flight muscle mitochondrial function, compromising tissue energy demand and flight activity. Here, we investigated the dynamic effects of activation of innate immunity by intra‐thoracic zymosan injection on A. aegypti flight muscle mitochondrial metabolism. Zymosan injection significantly increased defensin A expression in fat bodies in a time‐dependent manner that compromised flight activity. Although oxidant levels in flight muscle were hardly altered, ATP‐linked respiratory rates driven by mitochondrial pyruvate+proline oxidation were significantly reduced at 24 h upon zymosan injection. Oxidative phosphorylation coupling was preserved regardless of innate immune response activation along 24 h. Importantly, rotenone‐sensitive respiration and complex I‐III activity were specifically reduced 24 h upon zymosan injection. Also, loss of complex I activity compromised ATP‐linked and maximal respiratory rates mediated by mitochondrial proline oxidation. Finally, the magnitude of innate immune response activation negatively correlated with respiratory rates, regardless of the metabolic states. Collectively, we demonstrate that activation of innate immunity is strongly associated with reduced flight muscle complex I activity with direct consequences to mitochondrial proline oxidation and flight activity. Remarkably, our results indicate a trade‐off between dispersal and immunity exists in an insect vector, underscoring the potential consequences of disrupted flight muscle mitochondrial energy metabolism to arbovirus transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological studies concerning salivary glands have emerged as an exciting tool to understand feeding habits. In this sense, this study aimed to describe capybara salivary glands morphology to understand potential morphological associations to this species feeding habits. Macroscopic dissections and microscopic analyses were performed on eight specimens. The findings indicate that capybaras have three pairs of major (parotid, mandibular and sublingual) and two pairs of minors (dorsal and ventral buccal) salivary glands. The parotid gland, the largest, is irregularly shaped, forming small macroscopic lobes. The mandibular gland is rounded and found syntopically alongside the mandible angle and arranged medially to the ventral projection of the parotid gland. The sublingual gland is a compact elongated and semicircular mass. The dorsal and ventral buccal glands are located in the buccal portion of the buccinator muscle. Histologically, the parotid and mandibular glands are composed of serous acini, while the sublingual and buccal (dorsal and ventral) glands consist of mucous tubules containing serous demi‐lunes at their periphery. Capybara salivary glands reveal morphological associations with a predominantly herbivorous diet. The parotid gland, for example, notably developed in size and volume, suggests a specialisation for increased saliva production, necessary for chewing, forming the food bolus, swallowing fibrous foods, and protecting the oral cavity ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niche and dispersal‐based processes govern freshwater communities, such as aquatic insects, shaping their distribution and establishment in the environment. So, we aimed to address the relative influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes on Odonata diversity in Amazonian freshwater systems, and the influence of species dispersal functional traits on their longitudinal and latitudinal ranges.We used the Dispersal‐Niche Continuum Index (DNCI) to test (i) regions more distant would present a prevalence of dispersal‐based processes, and (ii) different patterns would come from the two Odonata suborders; and by applying generalised linear models, we tested (iii) dispersal‐related functional traits from the suborders would influence latitudinal and longitudinal midpoints of the species.We found that more distant regions had lower values of pairwise Dispersal–Niche Continuum, mainly for Zygoptera, corroborating our first hypothesis. Moreover, Zygoptera also presented the lowest absolute values of Dispersal–Niche Continuum and Anisoptera presented a joint influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes, agreeing with our second hypothesis. Only Zygoptera presented a significant association between dispersal functional traits and longitudinal midpoints, corroborating our third hypothesis.Our results indicated a prevalence of dispersal‐related processes for Zygoptera, which can be explained by massive geographical barriers, such as the rivers, and their narrow physiological and ecological tolerance. Moreover, dispersal‐related traits demonstrated significant influence on longitudinal midpoints of Zygoptera, a scenario that the presence of the rivers may explain. A better understanding of the prevalent predictors of the species and how their dispersal ability governs their distribution has conservational implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune hematological condition characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia and frequently presents with oral manifestations. However, reports of primary ITP in patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) are exceptionally rare, with few cases documented in the literature. Herein, we describe an unusual case of primary ITP with exuberant oral manifestations in a patient with TS. Case report: A 29‐year‐old woman was referred to an oral diagnostic service with complaints of "blood blisters and gum bleeding" lasting 8 h. On extraoral physical examination, multiple petechiae were observed in the upper and lower limbs, in addition to hemorrhagic extravasation in the right ocular sclera (hyposphagma). On intraoral examination, multiple vesicles and blisters filled with blood were identified on the lower lip, back of the tongue, and buccal mucosa, along with spontaneous gingival bleeding and hemorrhagic petechiae on the palate. Laboratory tests revealed thrombocytopenia (5000/mm3), whereas the blood count showed normality in the red and white series. After excluding other etiological factors or associated diseases, the patient was diagnosed with severe ITP and began treatment with systemic corticosteroids in the intensive care unit, resulting in a successful increase in platelets. After a 2‐year follow‐up, the patient remains free of ITP recurrences. Conclusion: Oral manifestations may be one of the first signs of ITP. Therefore, it is essential that dentists are familiar with the condition and, when faced with unusual oral bleeding, consider the possibility of a hematological disorder such as ITP, ensuring a correct and early diagnosis. Moreover, the presence of ITP can further exacerbate complications associated with TS. Therefore, rigorous follow‐up of these patients is crucial, considering the high incidence of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases and the reduced life expectancy of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Discussion of the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption is ongoing. Broadly, research focusing on ethanol consumption tends to report no benefits. However, studies that distinguish between different types of alcoholic beverages, particularly beers, often reveal positive effects. The present study evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of moderate chronic consumption of India Pale Ale (IPA) craft beer. Sixty‐four adult male Swiss mice were used and divided into control and treatment groups receiving water, IPA beer with 55.23 g of ethanol per liter of beer, aqueous solution with 55.23 g of ethanol per liter, and hop infusion ad libitum for 30 days. After this period, the animals were genetically evaluated with a comet assay. For the ex vivo comet assay, blood was collected and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For the in vivo assay, the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CP) was administered to the groups after blood collection and sacrificed after 24 h. Brain, liver, and heart tissues were analyzed. Bone marrow was collected and submitted to the micronucleus test. RESULTS: The groups treated with IPA beer, ethanol, and hops did not show genotoxic and mutagenic action in the blood, brain, heart, or liver. The antigenotoxic action of IPA beer and hops was observed in both in vivo and ex vivo models, showing a similar reduction in DNA damage caused by CP. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the formation of micronuclei by CP. CONCLUSION: Moderate chronic consumption of IPA beer and hops infusion showed antigenotoxic effects in mice but no antimutagenic action. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Search Strategy Selection Criteria Data Collection and Analysis Main Results Conclusion Misoprostol is largely used in labor induction in cases of intrauterine fetal death. However, recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showed that the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol might have better effects than the use of misoprostol alone.To compare mifepristone and misoprostol lines of treatment.Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were systematically searched until April 9, 2024.The eligibility criteria were (1) RCT, (2) comparing misoprostol alone versus the combined treatment, (3) patients undergoing labor induction due to intrauterine fetal death and (4) reporting at least one relevant outcome.Data were examined using the Mantel–Haenszel method and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statics. R, version 4.2.3 was used for statistical analysis. The analyzed outcomes were delivery time interval, adverse effects (fever, vomiting, diarrhea and nausea) and the preinduction Bishop score. Other important outcomes, such as uterus rupture, could not be included due to lack of data from the included studies.A total of seven RCTs comprising 599 patients with intrauterine fetal death were randomized to misoprostol or combined treatment to induce labor. Compared to the misoprostol only group, combined treatment presented lower delivery time interval (MD –6.86 h; 95% CI: −10.32 to −3.4; P = 0.0001; I2 = 87%). However, in terms of adverse effects, the combined treatment group presented lower occurrence of fever (2.25% vs 12.12%; RR 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.74; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%) and vomiting (7.64% vs 14.45%; RR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.29–1.01; P = 0.05; I2 = 0%). No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the preinduction Bishop score of the two groups (MD –0.09; 95% CI: −0.28–0.10; P = 0.35; I2 = 0%). Additionally, the mean of the preinduction Bishop score of the combined treatment was 2 versus 2.1 of the control group.In this updated meta‐analysis, consistent results suggest that the combined treatment is associated with more beneficial outcomes than the misoprostol alone treatment in patients undergoing labor induction in intrauterine fetal death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing technology is renowned for its ability to produce components on demand. Presently, the development of sustainable materials has been promoted by Green Chemistry, leading to an increase in the recycling of polymers and other materials for use in 3D printing. In this work, we proposed the construction of a 3D printed electrochemical device using a conductive paste made from 3D printing residues of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments and graphite to develop a sustainable sensor for acebutolol detection using square wave voltammetry method. The electrode was characterized using imaging and electrochemical techniques, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance compared to a commercial device. The method exhibited excellent analytical performance with a linear working range from 0.98 to 51.8 μmol L−1 and good detectability (detection limit) of 0.28 μmol L−1. Furthermore, the recycled sensor demonstrated good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 8.4 % and good accuracy with recovery percentages ranging from 93 to 107 % for monitoring acebutolol in urine and tap water samples. Additionally, the device was free from interference from the matrix and other commonly used drugs, making it suitable for electroanalytical applications and extremely promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents experimental investigations and numerical simulations of the microwave (MW) dielectric and evaluation of the electrical properties in the radiofrequency region (RF). The ceramic matrix Li2LaNbTiO7 (LLNT) is obtained through the solid‐state reaction method. The synthesis of LLNT is confirmed using the X‐ray diffraction technique. In the complex impedance spectroscopy study, permittivity (ε′r) and loss tangent (tanδ) values are analyzed at room temperature. The study of the conductivity spectrum at different temperatures demonstrates that the conduction process is thermally activated, presenting a value of 0.65 eV for the activation energy. Numerical simulations are employed to evaluate the behavior of the LLNT matrix as dielectric resonator antennas (DRA), whereas this ceramics demonstrated a reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB at the resonant frequency, achieving a gain of 3.71 dBi, a bandwidth of 144 MHz and a radiation efficiency greater than 97%. The results indicate that the LLNT matrix would be a promising candidate for RF and MW operating devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nitrides have emerged as promising supports for catalytically active metals in various chemical reactions. Among these, the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol stands out as particularly challenging within the chemical industry due to its traditionally low yields and complex reaction pathways. In our current investigation, we have focused on the synthesis of ionic carbon nitride fragments via a straightforward alkaline hydrolysis method. These fragments demonstrate a remarkable ability to stabilize iron cations within the carbon nitride structure (Frag‐Fe), resulting in a highly efficient photocatalyst for benzene oxidation. Employing hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant in a single‐step reaction, we achieved an impressive 47 % yield of phenol using Frag‐Fe at 12 hours, with negligible production of CO2 as a byproduct. This compelling outcome underscores the effectiveness of our alkaline synthesis approach in generating carbon nitride‐based photocatalysts with exceptional activity for C−H oxidation reactions. Our findings not only contribute to the advancement of carbon nitride‐based catalysis, but also hold significant promise for the development of more sustainable and efficient chemical processes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Obesity increases serum triglycerides and decreases high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). The objective is to explore some functions of HDL, cholesterol transfers and antioxidant, in subjects with grade I (G1‐OB) and III (G3‐OB) obesity and effects of bariatric surgery on G3‐OB. Fifteen G3‐OB patients (43 ± 6 years, BMI 49 ± 3 kg/m2) were studied before and 1 year after bariatric surgery; 15 G1‐OB (32 ± 2 years, 32 ± 2 kg/m2) and 15 normal weight (NW) (38 ± 6 years, 22 ± 1 kg/m2) were also studied. HDL diameter, cholesterol transfer to HDL and antioxidant capacity of HDL were determined. G3‐OB had higher triglycerides and lower HDL‐C; G1‐OB had higher triglycerides than NW but HDL‐C was equal. Compared to NW, HDL size was smaller in G3‐OB but equal in G1‐OB. One year after bariatric surgery, BMI and triglycerides of G3‐OB decreased (p <.0001 and p =.0012, respectively) and HDL‐C increased (p <.0001), equalling of NW group. Antioxidant capacity and cholesterol transfers were not different in groups and were unchanged 1 year after bariatric surgery in G3‐OB. HDL antioxidant capacity and transfer of cholesterol to HDL were not defective in obesity despite HDL‐C reduction and smaller HDL size. In addition, pronounced weight loss by bariatric surgery did not change those protective functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Begomoviruses cause losses in several crops around the world. Whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci cryptic species MEAM1 and MED are efficient vectors of begomoviruses. MEAM1 has been the predominant species in Brazil since the mid‐1990s. MED was detected in Brazil in 2014, and since then, high insect infestations have been reported, mainly in greenhouse production of solanaceous crops. In this study, we compared the transmission efficiency of the begomoviruses tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV) to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by a population of MEAM1 and four populations of MED. B. tabaci MEAM1 efficiently transmitted ToSRV and ToRMV to tomato and BGMV to common bean. B. tabaci MED populations did not transmit ToSRV and ToRMV to tomato. Only one population of B. tabaci MED transmitted BGMV with an efficiency of 3%. PCR analysis indicated that B. tabaci MED can acquire ToSRV, ToRMV and BGMV after a 24 h acquisition access period. Furthermore, some greenhouse tomato plantings from São Paulo state were surveyed for the presence of viruses and whiteflies, and B. tabaci MED were predominant, whereas begomoviruses were absent. Our results demonstrate that populations of MED from São Paulo state are inefficient vectors of begomoviruses, being able to acquire the virus but not transmit it to plants. Understanding this interaction is important and suggests that the spread of B. tabaci MED could change the epidemiological scenario of begomoviruses in areas where this insect predominates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly selective and divergent syntheses, which are crucial in both organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, involve significant advancements in compound accessibility. By modifying α‐cyano esters into α‐cyano ketones, the synthesis pathway broadens to include a diverse range of 4‐CN, 5‐amino, and 5‐arylamino derivatives of 1,2,3‐triazoles, which are achieved notably through the Dimroth rearrangement. This versatility extends further with the potential for a triple cascade reaction, leading to the production of carboximidamide compounds, which are facilitated by the Cornforth rearrangement. Advancements in compound accessibility not only expand the repertoire of synthesized molecules but also open new avenues for potential pharmacological agents.Building on these findings, we have developed an innovative and efficient method for the divergent synthesis of functionalized 1,2,3‐triazoles. This method strategically utilizes α‐cyanocarbonyls and arylazides by harnessing their reactivity and compatibility to orchestrate a variety of molecular transformations. By optimizing these substrates, our goal is to simplify synthetic routes, improve product yields, and accelerate the discovery and development of new chemical entities with promising biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to understand institutional violence (IV) in the relationships between health professionals, hospitalized children, and family members. This is a qualitative study developed at the pediatric inpatient unit of a university hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The research participants consisted of 39 health professionals who specialized in pediatrics and 10 family members of hospitalized children. Semi‐structured interviews were the method used for data collection. Using discourse analysis as a basis and taking a Foucauldian perspective, the researchers observed that the expressions of IV could be traced to abusive power relations within the system. We found four discursive forms within the data set: communication problems as IV, violence through inattention and neglect, violence as an action and consequent materialization on the body, and psychological violence as a submission mechanism. Based on these findings, we argue that professionals, managers, the scientific community, and users might be able to better guarantee the safety of children by recognizing IV and effectively intervening in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marmosets (Callithrix sp.), including black‐tuffed marmosets (C. penicillata), are neotropical primates that can be highly adapted to urban environments, especially parks and forested areas near cities. Staphylococcus spp. are part of the microbiota of many different hosts and lead to opportunistic severe infection. Isolates from wild animals can be resistant to antimicrobial drugs. However, there are a few studies that evaluated Staphylococcus spp. in neotropical primates. The goal of this study was to evaluate Staphylococcus spp. isolated from free‐ranging black‐tuffed marmosets. Methods: Marmosets were captured in six urban parks. After sedation, skin and rectal swabs and feces were sampled. Staphylococcus spp. isolates were identified by MALDI‐ToF and their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. Results: Over 30% of captured individuals were positive for Staphylococcus spp., and S. aureus was the most isolated species followed by Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri. With the exception of the marmoset subjected to necropsy, none of the other had lesions, which supports that notion that Staphylococcus spp. are members of the microbiota, but also opportunistic pathogens. Most isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested; however, one isolate of S. epidermidis was resistant to multiple antimicrobials (penicillin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin). We considered S. aureus as the main staphylococci to colonize black‐tuffed marmosets. Conclusions: Black‐tuffed marmosets can be colonized by several Staphylococcus species, most frequently by S. aureus, and the majority of isolates were sensible to the antimicrobials tested. One S. epidermidis isolate was considered multidrug resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Large dog breeds commonly produce unformed faeces. The present study hypothesised that foods for large dog breeds require higher starch gelatinisation (SG) to reduce organic matter flow to colon. Fifteen Rottweilers (Ro; 49.4 ± 6.12 kg), 18 Beagles (Be; 12.13 ± 1.75 kg) and 20 Shih‐Tzus (ST; 4.62 ± 1.15 kg) were fed one of three diets, all based on the same sorghum formulation, processed to obtain three levels of SG: SG90 (91.8% SG), SG50 (50.7% SG) and SG30 (27.4% SG). Foods were provided for 23 days, and the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, faecal production and fermentation products, Na, K and Cl apparent absorption and gastrointestinal transit time (GTT) were evaluated. Results were submitted to analysis of variance considering SG, breed and their interactions, and means compared by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). All dogs promptly ate the foods. Faeces scores were lower for Ro than for Be and ST, and lower for SG30 than SG90 (p < 0.05). Faeces pH was higher, and total short‐chain fatty acids were lower for SG90 than for SG50 and SG30 (p < 0.01), regardless of breed. No diet effect was observed for GTT (p > 0.05), but it was lower for Ro (41.7 ± 6.2 h) than for ST (48.7 ± 8.6 h). The CTTAD of nutrients was lower for SG30, intermediary for SG50 and higher for SG90 (p < 0.05), and among breeds CTTAD was higher for Be than ST and Ro (p < 0.05), which did not differ from each other, except for crude protein CTTAD which was lower for Ro (p < 0.05). The apparent absorption of Na and K was higher for the SG90 treatment, and for Be in comparison with Ro and ST (p < 0.05). Food SG had a remarkable influence on Ro faeces formation and on the CTTAD in all breeds. Greater fermentation in the colon and lower protein CTTAD may be involved in Ro unformed faeces formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An ideal orthodontic treatment involves qualitative and quantitative measurements of dental and skeletal components to evaluate patients' discrepancies, such as facial, occlusal, and functional characteristics. Deciding between orthodontics and orthognathic surgery remains challenging, especially in borderline patients. Advances in technology are aiding clinical decisions in orthodontics. The increasing availability of data and the era of big data enable the use of artificial intelligence to guide clinicians' diagnoses. This study aims to test the capacity of different machine learning (ML) models to predict whether orthognathic surgery or orthodontics treatment is required, using soft and hard tissue cephalometric values. Methods: A total of 920 lateral radiographs from patients previously treated with either conventional orthodontics or in combination with orthognathic surgery were used, comprising n = 558 Class II and n = 362 Class III patients, respectively. Thirty‐two measures were obtained from each cephalogram at the initial appointment. The subjects were randomly divided into training (n = 552), validation (n = 183), and test (n = 185) datasets, both as an entire sample and divided into Class II and Class III sub‐groups. The extracted data were evaluated using 10 machine learning models and by a four‐expert panel consisting of orthodontists (n = 2) and surgeons (n = 2). Results: The combined prediction of 10 models showed top‐ranked performance in the testing dataset for accuracy, F1‐score, and AUC (entire sample: 0.707, 0.706, 0.791; Class II: 0.759, 0.758, 0.824; Class III: 0.822, 0.807, 0.89). Conclusions: The proposed combined 10 ML approach model accurately predicted the need for orthognathic surgery, showing better performance in Class III patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S‐Limonene (s‐Lim) is a monocyclic monoterpene found in a variety of plants and has been shown to present antioxidant and cardioprotective activity in experimental models of myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential mechanism by which s‐Lim exerts its antiarrhythmic effect, focusing on the blockade of β‐adrenoceptor (β‐AR) and its effects on various in vivo and in vitro parameters, including electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), the β‐adrenergic pathway, sarcomeric shortening and L‐type calcium current (ICa,L). In isolated hearts, 10 μM of s‐Lim did not alter the ECG profile or LVPD. s‐Lim increased the heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) (10.8%) at 50 μM and reduced heart rate at the concentrations of 30 (12.4%) and 50 μM (16.6%). s‐Lim (10 μM) also inhibited the adrenergic response evoked by isoproterenol (ISO) (1 μM) reducing the increased of heart rate, LVDP and ECG changes. In ventricular cardiomyocyte, s‐Lim antagonized the effect of dobutamine by preventing the increase of sarcomeric shortening, demonstrating a similar effect to atenolol (blocker β1‐AR). In vivo, s‐Lim antagonized the effect of ISO (agonists β1‐AR), presenting a similar effect to propranolol (a non‐selective blocker β‐AR). In ventricular cardiomyocyte, s‐Lim did not alter the voltage dependence for ICa,L activation or the ICa,L density. In addition, s‐Lim did not affect changes in the ECG effect mediated by 5 μM forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase). In an in vivo caffeine/ISO‐induced arrhythmia model, s‐Lim (1 mg/kg) presented antiarrhythmic action verified by a reduced arrhythmia score, heart rate, and occurrence of ventricular premature beats and inappropriate sinus tachycardia. These findings indicate that the antiarrhythmic activity of s‐Lim is related to blockade of β‐AR in the heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the most relevant natural and anthropogenic factors for the occurrence and co‐occurrence of jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) in the eastern Amazon, the most degraded portion of this tropical rainforest in Brazil. We found that in a context of high human pressure, a more significant amount of primary forest and more significant annual rainfall most positively influence the occurrence of jaguars. In contrast, pumas are negatively influenced by proximity to roads and positively by slope. Additionally, the presence of primary forest areas and high annual rainfall also favour the co‐occurrence of jaguars and pumas in the same areas. In contrast, open areas more related to anthropogenic zones disfavour the co‐occurrence of these two species in this degraded portion of the Amazon. Our results support landscape management for conserving big cat species in the Amazon and reinforce the importance of forest conservation for maintaining big cats in altered landscapes. Although these animals occur in open habitats, in the Amazon, these species are dependent on primary forests, as they are better‐structured habitats that maintain the capacity to support prey and shelter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been increasing interest in the use of squaraines with different physicochemical properties. However, their applications in nanoplasmonics are limited. For that, detailed information on the interactions of squaraines with plasmonic nanostructures is required. In this work, we have studied the adsorption of the squaraine cis‐dicyanomethylene squarate (CDSQ) on the surface of Ag nanoparticles (AgNP). We have combined normal Raman, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and DFT calculations to get insights into the configuration of its adsorption. DFT calculations have been carried out using simplified models of different adsorption geometries for comparison with the results of the SERS experiments. A comparison between the relative intensities of the normal Raman and SERS spectra indicates that CDSQ is adsorbed perpendicular to the AgNP surface. The predicted spectra suggest that CDSQ is chemically adsorbed on the silver surface through one of its N atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Pine nuts (Araucaria angustifolia) are naturally distributed in South America and are increasingly being used as a food ingredient. This article aims to evaluate studies that have demonstrated the potential of pine nuts, their applicability in food products and biofilms using this raw material. Detailed search strategies were implemented in each of the selected databases. The results revealed that pine nuts are widely used as food ingredients due to their nutritional value and mild flavour, which allows for the development of different innovative product formulations. The analysis of the studies showed that pine nut seeds can be used as flour, pulp, shell, starch and extract and from these generate other new products. Pine nuts‐based products contain significant amounts of fibre, starch, antioxidants, phenolic compounds and proteins. As for the sensory aspects, the assessors showed good acceptance of the attributes. Incorporation into biofilms could also favour the future of sustainable and antioxidant packaging. Access to new options could increase vegetable productivity and boost new products, favouring the economy, adding nutritional value and expanding sustainability possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the most important commodities today, with a high economic value worldwide. Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br.) has been showing a high impact on Brazilian coffee trees among the various diseases that attack coffee. The climate has a great influence on the development of diseases, especially when fungi are the causal agents. This study aimed to carry out the zoning of climate favorability for coffee leaf rust in the traditional and main coffee‐producing regions of Brazil. The study was conducted in 13 locations in the states of Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Goiás and Bahia. Air temperature and daily precipitation data for the current scenario were collected using the WorldClim version 2.1 platform for the last climatological normal and future climate change data. The ideal climate conditions for coffee leaf rust consist of a mean air temperature ranging from 21 to 25 °C and precipitation >30 mm per month. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects scenarios associated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports consisted of the Shared Socio‐Economic Pathways SSP‐1 2.6, SSP‐2 4.5, SSP‐3 7.0 and SSP‐5 8.5, the latter being considered one of the most catastrophic. All steps to carry out the suitability zoning were performed in a tool using the QGIS geographic information system software. RESULTS: Zoning for coffee leaf rust had three classes: favorable, relatively favorable and unfavorable. Currently, the largest coffee‐producing region in Brazil has 49.1% of its analyzed area classified as favorable, 39.2% as relatively favorable and 11.7% as unfavorable. In the current scenario, Patrocínio and Três Pontas are locations with high coffee production in which the favorable class is predominant. The state of Minas Gerais has an annual mean of 55.3% of its entire territory apt for the disease, with the highest occurrence between September and March. CONCLUSIONS: Climate change has a negative impact on the development of coffee leaf rust, mainly in the long term, as in the period of 2081–2100, in which the SSP‐5 8.5 scenario led to a decrease in the favorable and unfavorable areas and an increase in the relatively favorable areas of 9.8%, 18.6% and 71.5% for the Brazilian territory, respectively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated polymers are essential materials for the organic optoelectronic industry, serving a pivotal role in cutting‐edge technologies. In this study, we conducted an integrated characterization approach, including spectroscopic techniques coupled with X‐ray diffraction analysis to explore the structure–property relationship of poly(4‐methoxyaniline), commonly referred to as poly(p‐anisidine) or PPA, along with two distinct ceramic composites: PPA/α‐Al2O3 and PPA/Eu2O3. From powder X‐ray diffraction analysis, a triclinic unit cell in space group P1 is proposed, after the whole powder pattern decomposition (WPPD) refinement is employed for the semicrystalline regions of the polymeric phases. Fractal‐like structures are observed, following analysis of small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from which we could infer the approximate sizes of the fractal clusters. Pure PPA displays a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 80°C and an electrical conductivity slightly above 10−5 S/cm. In contrast, the composite materials do not exhibit a glass transition temperature but perform better in terms of crystallinity and thermal stability. PPA/Eu2O3 present conductivity enhancement exceeding tenfold, surpassing 10−4 S/cm. These findings provide the baseline for further explorations on the development of organic electronic devices and sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a highly efficient single‐atom catalyst (SACs) tailored for nitroarene reduction using NaBH4 under ambient conditions. Employing an unique approach, we harnessed NaCl under high temperature to create host materials enriched with negatively charged nitrogenous and oxygenated functional groups, capable of anchoring and stabilizing Ni ions within the aromatic structure. The nickel single sites were prepared by a straightforward cation exchange method. STEM‐HAADF imaging confirmed the presence of nickel single‐atoms, while XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectra validated nickel coordination within the catalyst. Remarkably, the CN−Ni catalyst exhibited exceptional catalytic performance under ambient conditions, achieving a high catalytic activity with NaBH4 (TOF 2246± ${\pm }$ 452 h−1 and 107± ${\pm }$ 47 mmol g−1 min−1). It also demonstrated remarkable conversion exceeding 90 % and outstanding selectivity. Equally impressive was its ability to maintain full catalytic activity over multiple reaction cycles, highlighting its robustness. This work is a significant leap in SACs design, offering a versatile and highly effective preparation method for SACs based on N‐doped carbon with far‐reaching implications in industrial reduction reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Characidium shared by adjacent tributaries of the upper portions of the Tapajós and Xingu river basins is described. Characidium varii, new species, can be distinguished from the congeners by having distinctly speckled pattern of colouration, including dark blotches on cheek and ventral surface of head, by having conspicuous dark marks on fins, along with a single row of dentary teeth, isthmus completely covered by scales, 14 circumpeduncular scales, and swimbladder reduced. Molecular data reinforce the validation of the new species. The distribution of C. varii supports the hypothesis of the existence of a faunistic mixing between Tapajós and Xingu river basins, corresponding to the region of the Serra do Cachimbo and surrounding areas, previously proposed in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is clinically divided into acute and chronic phases. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy is the most studied manifestation of the disease. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. No studies demonstrate the action of this hormone in the cells of patients with chronic Chagas heart disease. Objective: To evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with the different chronic clinical forms of Chagas disease. Evaluating vitamin D's in vitro effect on blood cells by producing cytokines. Methods: Thirteen patients of the undetermined form (IND), 13 of the mild cardiac form (CARD1) and 14 of the severe cardiac form (CARD2) of Chagas disease, and 12 with idiopathic heart disease (CARDid) were included. The cells obtained from peripheral blood were treated in vitro with vitamin D (1 × 10−7 M) for 24 h and cytokines were dosed in the culture supernatant. Results: Although it was not possible to demonstrate statistically significant differences between the groups studied, our data showed that the cells treated with vitamin D modify (p <.05) the production of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) (decrease in IND), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (decreased in CARD1 and CARDid), interleukin (IL)‐6 (increased in all groups), and IL‐10 (decreased in CARD1, CARD2, and CARDid) when compared to untreated cells. Conclusion: In vitro treatment with vitamin D distinctly modulated the production of cytokines by mononuclear cells of peripheral blood among patients with chronic and indeterminate cardiac clinical forms of Chagas disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the localised effects of intrauterine ozone therapy on endometrial recovery in mares with endometritis. Our investigation assessed changes in gene expression profiles of anti‐inflammatory (IL‐1RA and IL‐10), proinflammatory (IL‐R1B3i and TNFα) and pleiotropic (IL‐6) cytokines, along with detailed histological measurements of epithelial and endometrial thickness and the glandular area ratio. Twenty mares were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design based on endometritis diagnosis and treatment (control or 42 μg/mL ozone insufflation), resulting in four groups: NC (negative for endometritis/control), NO (negative/ozone), PC (positive/control) and PO (positive/ozone). Oestrus was induced with 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate on Days −1, 1 and 3, plus 1 mg on Day 5. Day 0 marked the initial uterine treatment, followed by insufflations on Days 1 and 2 with O3 (ozone) or O2 (control). Uterine biopsies were taken before treatment on Day 0 and Day 6 for histological analysis and gene expression assessment. Data were analysed using a statistical model that included endometritis status, treatment type, biopsy times (D0 and D6) and their interactions, analysed with Proc Glimmix. Regardless of treatment or endometritis status, significant biopsy effects (p < 0.01) indicated increased epithelial height and endometrial thickness in Day 6 samples. Analysis of IL‐1 and TNFα revealed a significant interaction (p < 0.05) among endometritis, treatment and biopsy, with higher IL‐1B3i expression on Day 6 in the PC group. The treatment effect (p < 0.04) showed a higher frequency (p < 0.01) of animals with positive modulation in the PC group (66.7%) versus the PO group (0.0%). An interaction effect (p = 0.08) between endometritis and treatment resulted from higher IL‐1RA expression on Day 6 in the PC group compared to the PO group. Biopsy effect was significant for IL‐10 (p < 0.01), indicating higher values in the second sample associated with tissue repair. In the short‐term evaluation, ozone therapy did not influence endometrial morphology and may modulate cytokine expression, specifically the reduction in IL‐1 and TNFα levels. Therefore, this therapy appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for modulating the inflammatory response in mares with endometritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To test the hypothesis that adaptive shifts leading to the assembly of tropical savannas involved coordination between bark and wood traits and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Location: Tropical South America. Taxon: Angiosperms (woody). Methods: We compiled data on three bark traits (total, inner and outer relative bark thickness), wood density, maximum height, five secondary xylem traits and on species' habitat information (light environment, climate, soil and fire history) for Neotropical savanna, forest and generalist species (biome groups). We tested for pairwise and multivariate associations among traits across species and if biome group and habitat conditions explained species positions along the resulting strategy axes. Results: Traits covaried along four different axes. The first axis was consistent with a trade‐off between fire (thick barks) and shade tolerance (low bark to diameter ratio, high vessel density) and contributed to differentiate the three biome groups according to the preference for shaded environments. Forest species also differed from savanna and generalist species in a separate axis by being more resource acquisitive. Maximum height and wood density did not strongly trade‐off with bark thickness, although maximum height was negatively covaried with relative outer bark thickness. Preference for shaded conditions was the main driver of variation in the two principal strategy axes, but temperature, fire and soil sand content also explained differences in plant stature between savanna and generalist species. Main Conclusions: Allocation to bark is constrained by trade‐offs with wood, opposing shade‐tolerant and acquisitive forest species to fire‐resistant and conservative savanna species. Rather than a single strategy axis, three axes are necessary to understand the functional differences among savanna, forest and generalist species. Because two of these axes are controlled by light availability, the associated traits tend to covary in space and time, but not across species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the oral manifestations (OM) of heart transplant (HT) patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy (IT). Material and methods: A literature search was performed using keywords and MeSH terms related to OM and HT in the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, LILACS/BBO databases and in gray literature without language or date restrictions until June 2023. Studies that evaluated HT individuals who used any IT and who reported the occurrence of OM were considered eligible. The results from the search were imported to EndNote Web, and duplicates were removed followed by title/abstract and full‐text analysis. Results: A total of 402 nonduplicated studies were found and 13 fulfilled the criteria and were included in the present review: 10 cross‐sectional, 2 cohorts, and 1 clinical trial. The most reported OM were periodontal diseases, including drug‐induced gingival enlargement (DIGE), gingival bleeding, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Reported in a minority of studies are oral cancer, opportunistic infections (oral hairy leukoplakia and erythematous candidiasis), enamel defects, and burning mouth. Conclusion: Considering the methodological heterogeneity of the studies analyzed, DIGE is the most commonly observed oral manifestation in HT individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reasons that lead some individuals living with the Human T Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV‐1) to develop HAM/TSP are still unclear. To better understand the viral genetic factors that may be associated with the development of HAM/TSP, this study aims to evaluate the impact of HTLV‐1 genome mutations on the development of this disease through a systematic review. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database. The search for articles was performed in PMC, PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, and Embase databases using the following search descriptors: HTLV‐1, HAM/TSP, mutation, polymorphism, genetic variation, and sequenc*. From the 1,929 articles found in the search, 20 were selected according to the pre‐defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 619 HAM/TSP cases were compared with 555 AC controls. The mutations possibly related to the disease progression were detected in hbz (R119Q), tax (A7959V), ORF‐I (R88K, P86S, S69G, P45L, L40F, C39R, CR9Y), and gp46 (V247I, N93D, S72G) genetic regions. The data collected and analyzed here indicate that mutations in the HTLV‐1 genome could play an important role in the chronic inflammatory state and may be related to the development of HAM/TSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the successful establishment of a local rare blood registry in Brazil, focusing on the efforts of HEMOCE, a public blood center. By implementing a strategic screening panel and engaging donors, HEMOCE has identified over 500 rare donors since 2013, contributing significantly to the Brazilian Rare Blood Donors registry. The program's success is attributed to cost-effective screening methods, donor education, and a dedicated donor search team, making it a valuable model for other centers aiming to develop or improve their rare blood donor registries. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: The diversity of plant–pollinator interactions is grounded in floral resources, with nectar considered one of the main floral rewards plants produce for pollinators. However, a global evaluation of the number of animal‐pollinated nectar‐producing angiosperms and their distribution world‐wide remains elusive.We compiled a thorough database encompassing 7621 plant species from 322 families to estimate the number and proportion of nectar‐producing angiosperms reliant on animal pollination. Through extensive sampling of plant communities, we also explored the interplay between nectar production, floral resource diversity, latitudinal and elevational gradients, contemporary climate, and environmental characteristics.Roughly 223 308 animal‐pollinated angiosperms are nectar‐producing, accounting for 74.4% of biotic‐pollinated species. Global distribution patterns of nectar‐producing plants reveal a distinct trend along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, with increased proportions of plants producing nectar in high latitudes and altitudes. Conversely, tropical communities in warm and moist climates exhibit greater floral resource diversity and a lower proportion of nectar‐producing plants.These findings suggest that ecological trends driven by climate have fostered the diversification of floral resources in warmer and less seasonal climates, reducing the proportion of solely nectar‐producing plants. Our study provides a baseline for understanding plant–pollinator relationships, plant diversification, and the distribution of plant traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Gay and bisexual men are at an increased risk for eating disorders (EDs) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Existing dissonance‐based (DB) EDs prevention programs for this population have been evaluated in the United States; however, these programs have not been evaluated in the Brazilian context. Thus, we investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a DB ED prevention program (i.e., the PRIDE Body Project) among Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men. Method: Eligible men were randomly assigned to either a DB intervention (n = 74) condition or an assessment‐only control (AOC) condition (n = 75). Participants completed measures assessing ED and MD risk and protective factors at baseline, post‐intervention, 1‐month, 6‐month, and 1‐year follow‐up. Those in the intervention condition also completed acceptability measures. Results: Feasibility and acceptability ratings were highly favorable. Regarding efficacy, post‐intervention results were not significant, except for self‐objectification, which showed a significantly greater decrease in the DB condition compared with the AOC condition at all time‐points of follow‐ups (Cohen's d = −0.31 to −0.76). At follow‐up, the DB condition showed significantly greater decreases in appearance‐ideal internalization, drive for muscularity, self‐objectification, ED and MD symptoms at 1‐month, 6‐month, and 1‐year follow‐ups (d = −0.33 to −0.92) compared with the AOC condition. Significant increases were observed in the DB compared with the AOC condition for body appreciation at 1‐month, 6‐month, and 1‐year follow‐ups (d = 0.31–0.81). Discussion: Results support the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of the PRIDE Body Project up to 1‐year in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men. Trial Registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC; available at http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/) number of registration: RBR‐62fctqz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrooxidation of 3‐methyladenine (3‐mAde) in aqueous electrolytes on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated by voltammetric techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Different experimental factors were explored, such as the influence of concentration, composition and pH of the medium, mass transport, adsorption of products on GCE and the presence of possible interferers on the oxidation of 3‐mAde. The electrochemical data demonstrated that the methyl group is not electroactive, but strongly influences the oxidation mechanism of 3‐mAde. The anodic behaviour of 3‐mAde occurred from mass transport by diffusion, in a single irreversible pH‐dependent step, in an electrode reaction with the removal of one electron and one proton. By cyclic voltammetry the diffusion coefficient of 3‐mAde was assessed in physiological neutral pH (D3‐mAde=1.57×10−5 cm2 s−1). In comparison to adenine, the oxidation of 3‐mAde occurred at more positive potential values (~200 mV), thus allowing the simultaneous voltammetric determination of both bases. A new differential pulse voltammetric method for determination of 3‐mAde in acetate buffer (pH=4.5) and phosphate buffer (pH=7.0) was also proposed. Recovery experiments were performed and additions of 3‐mAde with known concentrations were made in samples prepared from mixtures of free DNA bases and the 7‐mGua adduct in acetate buffer (pH=4.5). The results were quite satisfactory (96.4 – 101.3% recovery), indicating excellent precision and accuracy, as well as advantages such as simplicity, speed and cost of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is characterized by specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota (GM). Exercise can contribute to the modulation of GM. This is the first case study to analyze the composition and metabolism of the GM of an obese runner in a single‐stage mountain ultramarathon (MUM) with a mileage of 217 km. Fecal samples were collected 7 days before the race (T0), 15 min after the end of the race (T1), and 7 days after the end of the race (T2). GM composition was analyzed by real‐time PCR and shotgun sequencing. We observed a decrease in Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio and α‐diversity after the race. After the 217‐km MUM, we observed a decrease in symbiont microorganisms and a notable increase in harmful bacteria. In conclusion, we found that the 217‐km MUM may have contributed to the intestinal dysbiosis of the obese runner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core‐Shell (CS) polymeric particles have attracted great interest due to their high mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability and their surface properties. In this study, functionalizable CS poly(propylene/styrene)/poly(acrylonitrile) (PP/PS/PAN) particles were prepared through heterogeneous polymerizations in a batch reactor. Commercial PP particles and PP/PS particles (prepared by seeded suspension polymerization of styrene (Sty) on PP spheres) were applied as core components of the final structure, while the shell was prepared through acrylonitrile dispersion polymerization. The degree of swelling of the core particles by Sty played an important role for the adhesion of the PAN shell, which for PP particles was 24 wt%, whereas for PP/PS hybrid particles it was 57 wt%. The particles (PP/PS and CS) were characterized through image analysis, revealing a uniform and smooth surface for PP/PS spheres and a uniform porous shell for CS particles. Particle size distributions, thermal degradation, chemical structures, degrees of crystallinity, and textural properties were also evaluated. The PAN shell adhered to the PP/PS particles without forming a copolymer, and the CS particles formed by a PP/PS core and PAN shell had sizes of 4.54 ± 1.24 mm, specific area of 2.70 m2g−1 and PAN content of 15.98 ± 0.82% (m/m) of total particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid material was obtained from the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) followed by GO chemical reduction with L‐ascorbic acid. Then hydrothermal synthesis was carried out to form and grow carbon dots (CDs) on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The material obtained, CD@rGO, was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the infrared (FTIR), Raman and UV‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, in addition to X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. The results indicated the formation of carbon dots on the surface of rGO. The study of the voltammetric determination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was performed using adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) and employing a modified electrode with CD@rGO (ECR). Optimizations were kept in the electrolytic environment and AdSV technique parameters, making it possible to obtain a LOD and LOQ of 2.40 and 7.99 pmol L−1, respectively. The evaluation of the ECR electrochemical stability, repeatability and reproducibility tests were performed with maximum variations of up to 2.79 and 2.03 %, respectively. Determinations in commercial samples of HCQ (tablets) and synthetic urine, recovery in the range of 101.55–106.83 % were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]