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This study focuses on the enhancement of back‐impact resistance in flexible OLED modules, a critical aspect for the durability of modern slim‐profile electronic devices. Under rear compressive forces, flexible OLED modules are prone to bending towards the glass cover, placing the outermost touch layer under significant tensile strain. The brittle nature of the inorganic film within the touch layer, coupled with its low fracture elongation, predisposes it to crack initiation under stress. This mechanical vulnerability can lead to catastrophic failure of the OLED functionality due to moisture and oxygen infiltration, manifesting as black spots on the display. Addressing this, we propose a dual‐faceted approach: optimizing stress distribution by the module design and enhancing the tensile strength of the touch layer's inorganic film, achieving a sixfold increase in the module's resistance to back compression. This paper outlines the experimental setup, finite element method (FEM) simulations, and the resultant implications for flexible OLED module design and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World's ageing population, prevalence of chronic diseases, and shortage of healthcare resources have increased interest in home‐based physical therapy and rehabilitation. However, the standard equipment is often too bulky and unsuited for home use. This paper presents the design, development, and evaluation of a set of wearable orthoses for home‐based physical therapy. Originatively utilising miniature electromagnetic brakes, the system can deliver a low to moderate range of resistive torques suitable for isotonic, isometric, and open‐chain resistance exercises. In human tests with the orthoses, low‐level muscle activation and low‐ to moderate‐level energy expenditure were achieved. This suggests the system's potential for use in a wide range of applications, including postoperative treatments for muscle injury and the early stages of rehabilitation, and tele‐rehabilitation. The orthoses were integrated with a video game console to form a new research platform that can be used to study the effects of force haptics on muscle activation and energy expenditure in exergames. The data obtained aid the future development of exergame prescription standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidences have indicated that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with the occurrence and development of hypertension. The present study aims to explore the effects of parental PM2.5 exposure on blood pressure in offspring and elucidate the potential mechanism. The parental male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to concentrated PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) using Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System (Shanghai‐METAS) for 16 weeks. At week 12, the mice were assigned to breed offspring. The male offspring mice were further exposed to PM2.5 or FA as above method. During the parental exposure, the average PM2.5 concentration was 133.7 ± 53.32 μg/m3 in PM chamber, whereas the average concentration in FA chamber was 9.4 ± 0.23 μg/m3. Similarly, during the offspring exposure, the average concentration in PM and FA chamber were 100.76 ± 26.97 μg/m3 and 9.15 ± 0.15 μg/m3, respectively. The PM2.5‐exposed offspring mice displayed the elevation of blood pressure, the increase of angiotensin II (Ang II), the decrease of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Ang (1–7) in serum when compared with the FA‐exposed offspring mice. The similar results displayed in the proteins expression of ACE2, AT1R, and Ang (1–7) in vessel and kidney. More importantly, parental PM exposure further induced the increase in serous Ang II and the protein expression of AT1R in vessel, but decrease in ACE2 and Ang (1–7). The serous Ang II was positively associated with splenic T helper type 17 (Th17) cell population and serous IL (interleukin)‐17A, but negatively associated with T regular (Treg) cell population and serous IL‐10. The results suggested that parental air pollution exposure might induce the elevation of offspring blood pressure via mediate Th17‐ and Treg‐related immune microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The objective of the present study was to investigate the current situation concerning, and risk factors for, vancomycin (VAN)‐induced acute kidney injury (VI‐AKI) in elderly Chinese patients, to assess outcomes and risk factors in patients who have developed VI‐AKI, in order to provide suggestions for improving the prevention and treatment of this condition in these patients. Method: We retrospectively identified elderly older inpatients who had received four or more doses of VAN treatment. We compared patients with VI‐AKI with those who received VAN treatment and had not developed AKI (NO‐AKI). We defined VI‐AKI as developing AKI during VAN therapy or within 3 days after withdrawal of VAN. Results: A total of 647 out of 862 elderly inpatients were included in the study. Among those excluded, in 89.3% of cases (192/215) this was because of lack of data on serum creatinine (SCr). Among included patients, 32.5% (210/647) of patients received therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during VAN therapy. In 66.9% of cases (424/634), there was insufficient TDM, and in 3.9% (25/634) this was appropriate. A total of 102 patients had confirmed VI‐AKI, with an incidence of 15.8% (102/647). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hyperuricaemia [odds ratio (OR) = 3.045; P = 0.000)], mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.906; P = 0.022) and concomitant vasopressor therapy (OR = 1.919; P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for VI‐AKI; higher serum albumin (OR = 0.885; P = 0.000) was determined to be an independent protective factor for VI‐AKI. Conclusions: For the elderly Chinese patients treated with VAN, there was insufficient monitoring of SCr, too little use of VAN TDM, and lower rate of patients whose VAN though serum concentrations were not obtained at the correct time. We recommend that hospital managers increase investment in clinical pharmacists, to strengthen professional management. Patients with concomitant hyperuricaemia and on mechanical ventilation and vasopressor therapy should be paid more attention, and a higher serum albumin was determined to be an independent protective factor for VI‐AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enantioselective direct Mannich reaction of different acetophenone derivatives with various substituted seven-membered cyclic imines using ( S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid as an organocatalyst is described, which provides an efficient access to optically active 11-substituted-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b, f][1,4]oxazepine derivatives with 87-95 % ee. For α,β-unsaturated ketone benzalacetone, the desired Mannich product was obtained with 72 % ee. A plausible transition state is established to explain the observed absolute stereochemistry of the Mannich products. The reaction can also be performed on a gram scale with no adverse effects on the yield and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, some simple transformations involving the Wittig olefination and the decarboxylative reduction of the Mannich products were performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-Substituted-2 H-1,4-benzoxazines undergo a highly enantioselective direct Mannich reaction with acetone in the presence of an L-proline catalyst at room temperature. The corresponding N-heterocycles with α-tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters were obtained in good yields (48-92%) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). Furthermore, a novel modification involving the diastereoselective reduction of the Mannich adduct was carried out leading to the formation of a 1,3-amino alcohol with a chiral tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter in high yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]