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The interaction and infiltration behavior between typical calcium–ferrum–alumina–silicate (CFAS) and Yb4Hf3O12 ceramics at 1300, 1400, and 1500°C for different duration times were investigated. At 1300°C, the CFAS melt first crystallized and then generated massive anorthite with high‐melting point, reducing the wettability of CFAS melt and physically blocking CFAS penetration paths. As the temperature increased to 1400°C and 1500°C, the wettability of the molten CFAS correspondingly increases. A continuous reaction layer, composed of apatite, fluorite, and garnet, was formed over Yb4Hf3O12 ceramic due to the penetration of CFAS melt. Furthermore, the infiltration rate of CFAS decreases with increasing corrosion time because of the barrier effect primarily derived from the as‐mentioned continuous reaction layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The optimal repair method for bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) involving >50% of the thickness remains a controversial topic. The study was aimed to compare the functional and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes after in situ repair or tear completion before repair of bursal‐side PTRCTs. Methods: A retrospective clinical study was conducted involving 58 patients who underwent in situ repair or tear completion before repair of bursal‐side PTRCTs between January 2019 and December 2020. These patients were divided into two groups: the in situ repair group and the tear completion before repair group. Functional assessment consisted of active range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Constant–Murley score. The percentages of patients in each group achieving the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) of the functional scores were determined. The healing status of the rotator cuff was assessed by postoperative MRI. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic data. The mean follow‐up period was 14.53 ± 2.64 months in the in situ repair group and 15.40 ± 2.66 months in the tear completion before repair group. At the final follow‐up, the forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation improved significantly in both groups. The VAS, ASES score, and Constant–Murley score improved significantly in the in situ repair group (5.17 ± 2.00 points to 0.11 ± 0.41 points, p = 0.001; 44.04 ± 17.40 points to 95.47 ± 4.32 points, p = 0.001; 49.50 ± 14.38 points to 93.50 ± 3.49 points, p = 0.001) and in the tear completion before repair group (5.43 ± 3.32 points to 0.03 ± 0.18 points, p = 0.001; 41.50 ± 19.59 points to 95.94 ± 2.68 points, p = 0.001; 47.54 ± 17.13 points to 93.97 ± 2.61 points, p = 0.001). Postoperative MRI revealed that the re‐tear rate was 7.1% (2/28) in the in situ repair group and 3.3% (1/30) in the tear completion before repair group. No significant differences were observed in terms of the functional scores, the percentages of patients achieving the MCID of the functional scores, and the re‐tear rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both in situ repair and tear completion before repair yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes for patients with bursal‐side PTRCTs. No significant differences were observed in the functional and MRI outcomes between the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mullite and ytterbium disilicate (β‐Yb2Si2O7) powders as starting materials for the Yb2Si2O7/mullite/SiC tri‐layer coating are synthesized by a sol–gel method. The effect of SiC whiskers on the anti‐oxidation properties of Yb2Si2O7/mullite/SiC tri‐layer coating for C/SiC composites in the air environment is deeply studied. Results show that the formation temperature and complete transition temperature of mullite were 800–1000 and 1300°C, respectively. Yb2SiO5, α‐Yb2Si2O7, and β‐Yb2Si2O7 were gradually formed between 800 and 1000°C, and Yb2SiO5 and α‐Yb2Si2O7 were completely transformed into β‐Yb2Si2O7 at a temperature above 1200°C. The weight loss of Yb2Si2O7/(SiCw–mullite)/SiC tri‐layer coating coated specimens was 0.15 × 10−3 g cm−2 after 200 h oxidation at 1400°C, which is lower than that of Yb2Si2O7/mullite/SiC tri‐layer coating (2.84 × 10−3 g cm−2). The SiC whiskers in mullite middle coating can not only alleviate the coefficient of thermal expansion difference between mullite middle coating and β‐Yb2Si2O7 outer coating, but also improve the self‐healing performance of the mullite middle coating owing to the self‐healing aluminosilicate glass phase formed by the reaction between SiO2 (oxidation of SiC whiskers) and mullite particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its importance for crop water use and productivity, especially in drought‐affected environments, the underlying mechanisms of variation in intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE = net photosynthesis/stomatal conductance for water vapour, gsw) are not well understood, especially in C4 plants. Recently, we discovered that leaf width (LW) correlated negatively with iWUE and positively with gsw across several C4 grasses. Here, we confirmed these relationships within 48 field‐grown genotypes differing in LW in Sorghum bicolor, a C4 crop adapted to dry and hot conditions. We measured leaf gas exchange and modelled leaf energy balance three times a day, alongside anatomical traits as potential predictors of iWUE. LW correlated negatively with iWUE and stomatal density, but positively with gsw, interveinal distance of longitudinal veins, and the percentage of stomatal aperture relative to maximum. Energy balance modelling showed that wider leaves needed to open their stomata more to generate a more negative leaf‐to‐air temperature difference, especially at midday when air temperatures exceeded 40°C. These results highlight the important role that LW plays in shaping iWUE through coordination of vein and stomatal traits and by affecting stomatal aperture. Therefore, LW could be used as a predictor of higher iWUE among sorghum genotypes. Summary statement: Leaf width (LW) plays an important role in shaping intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) across Sorghum bicolor genotypes through coordination of vein and stomatal traits and by regulating stomatal aperture. Wider leaves had higher gsw likely to prevent a detrimental rise in leaf temperature. Therefore, LW could be used as a predictor for higher iWUE among sorghum genotypes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interparticle spacing of a heterostructure is a crucial factor affecting electron transfer (ET) process. Herein, binary nanoparticle superlattices (BNSLs) composed of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and Au nanoclusters (NCs) are prepared. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectra illustrate that the ET accelerates as the pressure increases because pressure effectively adjusts the interparticle spacing. The results also demonstrate that the trap state of the CdSe/ZnS QDs affects the ET process of BNSLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synthetic strategy for the synthesis of substituted thiophenes is described by the one‐pot reaction of indoles with ketene dithioacetals under mild reaction conditions. Promoted by triflic acid (TfOH), the reaction of indoles with the easily available α‐acetyl ketene dithioacetals resulted in the formation of vinylketene dithioacetals via condensation instead of the well known nucleophilic addition‐alkylthio elimination process. In thepresence of CuBr2, vinylketene dithioacetals can cyclize into the corresponding substituted thiophenes. This transformation may benefit from the acidic reaction conditions and the steric effects of the 2‐substituted indoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel rhodium(III)‐catalyzed synthesis of 2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐dibenzopyranones from easily available 4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐p‐quinols and N‐methoxyarylamides is described. Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed formal anti‐Michael addition was proposed to be a crucial step in this [3+3] annulation with N‐methoxyarylamides as effective 1,3‐dipoles, providing a concise and efficient approach for the construction of trifluoromethyl‐containing dibenzopyranones under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C−C bond formation via C−S bond activation (disclosed in 2000) has received increasing attention. However, stoichiometric amounts of exogenous thiophilic reagents are generally required as thiolate scavengers. Herein, a new model for the synthesis of 4-aminoquinolines, the copper(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative desulfitative 6π cyclization of the readily available N-arylimino ketene N,S-acetals is described. The reaction can proceed efficiently under mild conditions without any exogeneous thiolate scavengers (due to the formation of disulfide as the by-product) to afford diverse 4-aminoquinolines, a privileged structure motif displaying antimalarial activity, with a wide range of functional groups at the C-2 to C-8 positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustaining crop productivity and resilience in water‐limited environments and under rising temperatures are matters of concern worldwide. We investigated the leaf anatomical traits that underpin our recently identified link between leaf width (LW) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), as traits of interest in plant breeding. Ten sorghum lines with varying LW were grown under three temperatures to expand the range of variation of both LW and gas exchange rates. Leaf gas exchange, surface morphology and cross‐sectional anatomy were measured and analysed using structural equations modelling. Narrower leaves had lower stomatal conductance (gs) and higher iWUE across growth temperatures. They also had smaller intercellular airspaces, stomatal size, percentage of open stomatal aperture relative to maximum, hydraulic pathway, mesophyll thickness, and leaf mass per area. Structural modelling revealed a developmental association among leaf anatomical traits that underpinned gs variation in sorghum. Growing temperature and LW both impacted leaf gas exchange rates, but only LW directly impacted leaf anatomy. Wider leaves may be more productive under well‐watered conditions, but consume more water for growth and development, which is detrimental under water stress. Summary Statement: Coordination between leaf width and leaf anatomy underpins stomatal conductance variation in Sorghum bicolor lines grown under different temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Numerous studies have examined and reported a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease ( CKD) in the general population in various countries including China. However, the situation may be different in undeveloped rural minority regions in China because of China's economic diversity. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of CKD and to analyze its associated factors in a Zhuang ethnic minority area in Southwest China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of a rural minority area populated by people of Zhuang ethnicity in Southwest China using multistage, cluster random sampling methods was performed. The prevalence of indicators of kidney damage and CKD were calculated and risk factors associated with the presence of CKD were analyzed. Results In total, 7588 people participated in the study. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of albuminuria, haematuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate were 2.7%, 3.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of CKD was 8.3%, while recognition of the disease was 3.6%. Independent risk factors associated with CKD were age, gender, and hypertension. Risk factors independently associated with kidney damage were age, gender, hyperuricaemia, and hypertension. Conclusion Our data exhibited a lower prevalence and awareness of CKD in undeveloped rural minority regions, especially exhibited a low prevalence of albuminuria. This result attributed to the low prevalence of metabolic disorders in the local region. Risk factors associated with CKD in our study is similar to surveys in other regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the structural and electronic properties of uranium complexes, the cis-bis(imido)uranium iodides cis-[U(NPh)2(THF)3I2] ( 3Ph) and cis-[U(NPh)2(THF)2I2] ( 2Ph) have been designed, and their structures and properties have been calculated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. Four isomers ( 3Ph1, 3Ph2, 2Ph1, 2Ph2) were addressed in the study; these isomers have the structural feature that one iodide atom is trans to one imido group in the axial direction, and the other iodine atom is cis to the other imido group in the equatorial plane. The total system energies, geometry parameters, and vibrational spectra were similar among the respective isomers. Analyses of the electronic structures in tetrahydrofuran solution revealed that these isomeric complexes show mixed π(U=N) and π(Ph) character for the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and HOMO-1; the lone pairs of electrons of the iodine atom are dominant in the energetically lower occupied orbitals. U(f)-type orbitals contribute to the low-lying unoccupied orbitals, as has been generally accepted for analogous hexavalent trans-dioxouranium complexes. Three main absorption peaks were observed for 3Ph1/ 3Ph2 and 2Ph1/ 2Ph2 from time-dependent long-range-corrected functional calculations. The first one originates from the π(U=N) bonds and the phenyl groups, and the third is related to character of the iodine atoms [σ(U-I) and π(I)]; combined π(I) and π(U=N) character is attributed to the middle peak. We also calculated the experimentally known trans-U(NPh)2(THF)3I2 ( trans- 3Ph). The comparison of trans- 3Ph, 3Ph1, and 3Ph2 indicates that the cis/ trans isomerism has a relatively large effect on their structural and electronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the radiographic and functional outcomes after autologous iliotibial band with Gerdy's tubercle (ITB‐GT) interposition in patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs). Methods: From December 2015 to March 2017, a total of 16 patients who underwent autologous ITB‐GT interposition for IRCTs were identified, including 4 males and 12 females. The mean age was 56.1 ± 10.3 years (range, 44–67 years). Functional assessment consisted of active range of motion (ROM), Visual Analogue scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant–Murley score, and patient satisfaction rate. The tendon integrity and acromiohumeral interval (AHI) were assessed by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: The mean duration of follow‐up was 25.3 ± 3.5 months. At final follow‐up, the patients exhibited significantly improved forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation (75.00° ± 13.16° to 159.37° ± 8.51°, t = 26.71, P = 0.001; 17.81° ± 11.54° to 35.31° ± 8.26°, t = 6.57, P = 0.001; 2 to 11, t = 13.10, P = 0.001). Other functional outcomes as measured by VAS score, ASES score, and Constant–Murley score also improved significantly (6.50 ± 1.41 to 1.06 ± 0.93, t = 11.68, P = 0.001; 38.50 ± 8.68 to 81.75 ± 6.80, t = 15.42, P = 0.001; 32.50 ± 8.53 to 77.12 ± 6.72, t = 17.28, P = 0.001). The overall satisfaction rate was 87.5%. The postoperative MRI showed that the tendon integrity was fully intact in 14 patients and partially intact in two patients. The AHI improved significantly from 3.63 ± 1.25 mm preoperatively to 8.37 ± 1.02 mm postoperatively (t = 11.78, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Autologous ITB‐GT interposition was a useful treatment option for patients with IRCTs, which resulted in significant improvements in active ROM, subjective functional outcomes, and AHI with excellent tendon integrity at a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a promising method that uses endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via Fenton reaction to kill tumor cells. However, the insufficient contents of H2O2 and the presence of glutathione (GSH) can significantly reduce the therapeutic effect of CDT. Herein, a multifunctional nanoregulator (3‐AT&MA@FHM) that combines Fe‐doped hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe‐doped hMSN, or FHM) with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (3‐AT) and maleimide (MA) are developed to overcome these challenges. After endocytosis by tumor cells, FHM part of the nanoregulator degrades in a mildly acidic intracellular environment and releases Fe3+ for CDT. The subsequently released 3‐AT serves as a catalase inhibitor to promote the accumulation of H2O2, while MA acts as a GSH scavenger to decrease the GSH content in tumor cells. This multifunctional nanoplatform simultaneously regulates the contents of H2O2‐the substrate for Fenton reaction and GSH‐the main antioxidant, resulting in a significantly enhanced CDT effect. Moreover, organoids are used for safety and toxicity evaluation. The results of organoids experiments showed similar trends to those of cellular experiments, but MIO is more resistant to stress than cells. This study is expected to provide a novel idea for the design of highly efficient CDT nanosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise training can reduce hepatic fat accumulation and cardiovascular risk among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD), but how long these benefits extend beyond the period of active intervention is unclear. Intrahepatic triglyceride ( IHTG) content, measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and metabolic risk factors among 220 obese people with NAFLD, who were randomly assigned to vigorous/moderate exercise, moderate exercise or no exercise (control), were assessed at 1 year after the 12-month exercise intervention. IHTG content was significantly reduced in the 2 exercise groups compared with the control group over the 12-month active intervention. It was significantly lower (by −2.39%) in the vigorous/moderate exercise group compared with the control group at the 1-year follow-up (95% confidence interval −4.72 to −0.05%; P = .045). Waist circumference and blood pressure remained significantly lower in the vigorous/moderate exercise group and the moderate exercise group compared with the control group at the 1-year follow-up. Visceral adipose fat remained significantly reduced, but with no differences among 3 groups. These findings suggest 12-month exercise intervention induced reductions in hepatic fat accumulation, abdominal obesity and blood pressure for up to 1 year after the active intervention, with some attenuation of the benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Novel, general, and highly efficient methodology for the synthesis of β‐ketothioesters from ketene N,S‐acetals has been developed. In this acid‐catalyzed reaction, the amino group, including both alkylamino and arylamino groups, of α‐oxo ketene N,S‐acetals can be easily displaced in the presence of H2O as nucleophile (hydrolysis) instead of the alkylthiol group reported. This new method is simple and practical. A series of β‐ketothioesters were prepared in high yields with broad tolerance of substrates under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of substrates are investigated which bear two acyl groups ortho to each other on a benzene ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite the availability of new agents, elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM) usually present with poor outcomes due to the heterogeneity of disease conditions, especially immune deficiency. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) can be involved in immune defects by exerting immune regulatory functions in MM. In order to provide more evidence‐based practice for the elderly MM, the study established and assessed a stratified therapeutic model with studies on Bregs for Chinese Elderly Multiple Myeloma in 2021 (CEMM2021). Methods: In this open‐label, non‐interventional, prospective study in the real world, 159 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients over 65 years old were sequentially recruited and bone marrow aspirates prior to treatment were obtained to detect the ratios of Bregs by flow cytometry. Results: Based on the CEMM2021 model, 147 patients had received at least one cycle of induction therapy, including bortezomib/dexamethasone (Bd) (n = 80), lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) (n = 27), Bd with a third agent X (Bd + X) (n = 27), and other regimens (n = 13). The proportions of patients achieving very good partial response or better were comparable among Bd, Bd + X, and Rd groups (41.9% vs. 54.5% vs. 44.0%, p = 0.472). Besides, the progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different among Rd, Bd, and Bd + X groups. Multivariable analysis showed that induction efficacy less than partial response (PR) were poor prognostic factors for PFS, while Revised‐International Staging System (R‐ISS) III and efficacy less than PR were poor prognostic factors for OS. This study also found that the ratios of bone marrow Bregs <10% (p = 0.036) and SUVmax of PET‐CT scan >4.2 (p = 0.000) were closely correlated with OS in the elderly MM. Conclusions: For the elderly NDMM, the CEMM2021 algorithm in our center might provide a valuable reference for the guidance of therapeutic strategies, with the combination of Bregs resulting in an effective and clinically meaningful prediction in contemporary treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This first formal [3+2] cycloaddition of α-trifluoromethyl-3-indolylmethanol silyl ethers and acyclic ketene dithioacetals furnishes trifluoromethylated cyclopenta[b]indoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique reactivity of α-(alkylideneamino)nitriles toward molecular oxygen is firstly revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polarity reversible nature of azomethine imines as the crucial transformation enables the title reaction sequence to proceed under mild, transition-metal-free conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of the title substrate (I) with various ketene dithioacetals results in the formation of α-arylated β-ketothiolesters, nitriles, and carbonyl compounds via a tandem 1,3-carbothiolation/aromatization sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of dithioacetals (I) with nitriles (II) followed by a zinc-mediated one-pot reaction of the isolable intermediate (V) leads to 5-ethylthiopyrroles (III), whilst the copper-mediated reaction of the intermediate (V) affords 4-ethylthiocarbonylpyrroles (IV) via a second isolable intermediate (VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: 303 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Michael addition of N-(p-chlorobenzylidene)glycine methyl ester (II) with various enones is combined with cyclization during the workup on silica gel column chromatography to give polysubstituted pyrrolines (III)/(IV), (VI)/(VII) and (IX)/(X) as diastereomeric mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adequate pain control is essential for patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). Multiple analgesic strategies have been implemented during the perioperative period. There is no consensus on the optimal perioperative analgesia management. Objectives: To provide recommendations, on the optimal perioperative analgesia management for LT. Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central. Methods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using GRADE. Studies describing outcomes, morbidity, mortality, pain scores, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay in patients that received different pain management techniques during and after LT were included (CRD42021243282). Results: One thousand nine hundred ten articles were screened, but only two randomized controlled trials, one prospective and six retrospective studies were included. The opioid‐avoidance protocols included, thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA), Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block, as well as other non‐opioid analgesics, resulted in improved short‐term outcomes. Mortality was reduced in this group versus control cohorts (OR = 0.51; CI 0.14, 1.83; P = 0.350), Time to extubation, and intensive care unit LOS were shorter; pain scores after surgery were lower in opioid‐avoidance group (percentage decrease, 35%, 12%, and 55%, respectively). However, hospital LOS was longer (percentage increase 8%). Conclusions: Opioid‐avoidance analgesia management for LT results in improved short‐term outcomes. (Quality of Evidence; Moderate to low | Grade of Recommendation; Weak). Medications such as acetaminophen(paracetamol), gabapentin, ketamine, tramadol and local anesthesia may be used instead of, or as adjuncts to opioids for postoperative analgesia. Overall evidence remains weak and more robust studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tandem formal [3+2] cycloaddition/cyclization reaction of aminochalcones with tosylmethyl isocyanide derivatives was developed for the practical and convenient synthesis of diverse tricyclic pyrrolo[3,4- c]quinolines in high to excellent yields. In this domino process, three new bonds and two rings are successively formed at ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mullite coating, SiC whiskers toughened mullite coating (SiCw‐mullite), and cristobalite aluminum phosphate (c‐AlPO4) particle modified SiCw‐mullite coating (c‐AlPO4‐SiCw‐mullite) were prepared on SiC coated C/SiC composites using a novel sol‐gel method combined with air spraying. Results show that molten SiO2 formed by the oxidation of SiC whiskers and molten c‐AlPO4 improved the bonding strength between mullite outer coating and SiC–C/SiC composites due to their high‐temperature bonding properties. The bonding strength between mullite, SiCw‐mullite, c‐AlPO4‐SiCw‐mullite outer coatings and SiC–C/SiC composites were 2.41, 4.31, and 7.38 MPa, respectively. After 48 thermal cycles between 1773 K and room temperature, the weight loss of mullite/SiC coating coated C/SiC composites was up to 11.61%, while the weight losses of SiCw‐mullite/SiC and c‐AlPO4‐SiCw‐mullite/SiC coatings coated C/SiC composites were reduced to 7.40% and 5.12%, respectively. The addition of appropriate SiC whiskers can considerably improve the thermal shock resistance of mullite coating owing to their excellent mechanical properties at high temperature. In addition, c‐AlPO4 particles can further improve the thermal shock resistance of SiCw‐mullite coating due to their high‐temperature bonding and sealing properties. No obvious micro‐pores and cracks were observed on the surface of c‐AlPO4‐SiCw‐mullite coating after 48 thermal cycles due to timely healing effect by formation of secondary mullite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient and simple procedure was developed to synthesize substituted fluorinated nitriles and diaryl ketones under mild conditions from polyfluorobenzenes and phenylacetonitriles. This coupling process was achieved by using a selective C-F bond functionalization without a transition-metal catalyst. The reactions had good functional group tolerance and provided the products in moderate to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a chemical reaction of direct synthesis of the pyrrole [3,4-c] quinolines by using the domino reaction of tosylmethyl isocyanides and aminochalcones.

A handle on annulation: The two alkenoyl moieties of the cyclic dithiolane are parallel to each other and enables the [7C+1C] annulation with ethyl isocyanoacetate to occur. As a result, tricyclic indolizidine alkaloids are constructed by a two‐step, base‐catalyzed [7C+1C] annulation/intramolecular cyclization with subsequent reduction/cyclization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die beiden parallelen Alkenoyleinheiten des abgebildeten cyclischen Dithiolans ermöglichen eine [7C+1C] ‐ Anellierung mit Isocyanessigsäureethylester. Somit sind tricyclische Indolizidin ‐ Alkaloide in zwei Stufen durch basekatalysierte [7C+1C] ‐ Anellierung/intramolekulare Cyclisierung mit anschließender Reduktion/Cyclisierung zugänglich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of trifluoromethylated 1,3-dien-3-ols (IV) are synthesized by regiospecific addition of the Ruppert-Prakash reagent to divinyl ketones (I) and transformed into trifluoromethylated cyclopentadienes (V), norbornenes (VII), and fulvenes (IX). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study examined the relationships between health literacy, self-efficacy and preventive care utilization among older adults in Taiwan. Methods: The data were from a longitudinal survey, 'Taiwan Longitudinal Study in Aging' in 2003 and 2007. A total of 3479 participants who completed both two waves were included for analysis. Health literacy first was constructed through education, cognitive function and disease knowledge through structural equation modeling (SEM); then, the associations of health literacy to later self-efficacy and preventive care were examined. Results: The model fit of SEM was good, indicating that the construct of health literacy was appropriate. Healthy literacy showed a moderate positive effect on self-efficacy and a small positive effect on preventive care utilization. Conclusions: Health literacy increases self-efficacy and utilization of preventive care. Promoting people's health knowledge and health literacy is suggested. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 70-76. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions directly involving triplet oxygen are an important issue in organic and biological chemistry. We now report that exposure of tetramic acids in the open air (molecular oxygen) at room temperature can lead to the formation of succinimide derivatives in high to excellent yields via tandem oxidation/1,2-benzyl migration. In this reaction, the dithiolane moiety plays a crucial role and succinimides are produced either in the presence or absence of dibutyl sulfide as reductant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cubic and octahedral CuO nano- and microcrystals were selectively synthesized via a simple wet chemical reduction route at room temperature, with CuCl and NaOH as starting reactants, and ascorbic acid or hydrazine hydrate as the reducer. Hydrazine hydrate could be preferentially adsorbed on different crystal faces of CuO, affecting the growth rate along the 〈100〉 to that along the 〈111〉 direction, which resulted in the formation of octahedral CuO crystals. When ascorbic acid was used as the reducer, the growth rate along the 〈100〉 to that along the 〈111〉 direction was different, which resulted in the formation of cubic CuO crystals. The size of cubic and octahedral CuO crystals could be varied by adjusting the molar ratio of OH to Cu. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regioselective one-pot [3 + 2]-cycloaddition/iodocyclization cascade reaction of alkyne-tethered cinnamates/chalcones and toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) shows a dedicated solvent dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Fluorinated Nitriles and Diaryl Ketones Through a Selective C-F Bond Functionalization under Mild Conditions" by G.-H. Yang and others, published in "European Journal of Organic Chemistry" in 2015.

An abstract of the article "[3 + 3]-Cycloaddition Reactions of α-Acidic Isocyanides with 1,3-Dipolar Azomethine Imines" is presented.

The tandem [3 + 2] cycloaddition/intramolecular imidoyl anion trapping strategy is successfully applied for the synthesis of the title compounds from alkenoyl bis(ketene dithioacetals) and tosylmethyl isocyanide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The base-promoted reaction of cyclic enediones with isocyanides (II) leads to 7- and 8-membered-ring fused pyrroles (III) in moderate yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Facile [7C + 1C] Annulation as an Efficient Route to Tricyclic Indolizidine Alkaloids" by X. Liu, L. Zhang, L. Pan and others, published in the "Angewandte Chemie International Edition" in 2013.

A novel strategy for the synthesis of title compounds (III)/(IV) and (VI)/(VII) from alkenoylacetamides (I) and (V) and isonitrile (II) is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Succinimide derivatives (II) are efficiently synthesized by the new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]