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Introduction Surat has the highest incidence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( HIV/ AIDS) in Gujarat, the main reason being its large migrant population. Mental health in HIV/ AIDS has most often been a topic of neglect all over the world. This study attempts to assess the magnitude of depression and the socio-demographic and clinical variables associated with it in HIV-positive patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 270 HIV-positive patients using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; translated and validated in Gujarati and Hindi) along with a questionnaire for eliciting information on socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results The prevalence of depression among HIV-positive patients was 30% with 12.22% having mild depression; 14.07% with moderate depression and 3.7% with severe depression. Bivariate analysis showed that physical pain, physical illness, Cluster of Differentiation 4 ( CD4) <300 cells/mm3, HIV positive spouse, discrimination at hospital, discrimination in society, government setup as the first place of HIV test and broken relationship with spouse after HIV disclosure were significantly associated with depression among the patients. On multiple logistic regression, discrimination at hospital, physical pain and CD4 <300 cells/mm3 were found to be the significant predictors of depression among the patients. Discussion HIV-positive patients can be screened by counselors using easy-to-administer scales like BDI, which can be translated and validated into any regional language. A trained psychiatrist should be appointed at the Anti- Retroviral Therapy ( ART) center to take care of the mental health issues of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Current guidelines recommend intervention in subjects with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS), even though any degree of AS is associated with a higher risk of mortality. We investigated the association between the degree of AS, delineated by transvalvular flow velocity, and patient morbidity and mortality., Methods: Medically managed patients aged 40-95 years with maximum flow velocity (V max ) by echocardiography between 2013 and 2018 were stratified into five groups (A-E) based on the 75th, 90th, 97.5th, and the 99th percentiles of V max distribution. Patient characteristics, cardiac structural changes, and end-organ disease were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Cochran-Armitage tests. Mortality over a median of 2.8 (1.52-4.8) years was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and risk estimates were derived from the Cox model., Results: The V max was reported in 37,131 patients. There was a steady increase (from Group A towards E) in age, Caucasian race, structural cardiac changes, end-organ morbidities, and all-cause mortality. In reference to Group A, there as an increased risk of mortality in Groups B (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.3; confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-1.35; p < .0001), C (HR = 1.5; CI: 1.4-1.6; p < .0001), and D (HR = 1.8; CI: 1.6-2; p < .0001), with an exponential increase in Group E (HR = 2.5; CI: 2.2-2.8; p < .0001)., Conclusions: A direct, strong correlation exists between the degree of AS and cardiac structural changes and mortality. Patients with V max  ≥ 97.5th percentile (≥3.2 m/s) might benefit from early intervention., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)