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Direct evidence‐based approaches are vital in understanding the involvement of abiotic/biotic factors and evaluating the newly proposed theories on soil carbon (C) stabilization. Microaggregates (150–250 µm) collected from a corn system (>22 years; Kansas, USA), which had been under no‐till with different nitrogen (N) treatments were analyzed (N treatments: manure/compost, urea, zero fertilizer). We studied C stabilization in free soil microaggregates (with preserved aggregate architecture), directly using scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy coupled with near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (STXM‐NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Submicron scale findings were complemented with bulk chemical analysis. The STXM‐NEXAFS analysis revealed soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation inside nano‐ and micro‐pores and organo–mineral association, various degrees of humification, and high molecular diversity. The presence of microbial‐derived C was found in manure‐/compost‐added microaggregates highlighting the contribution of organic amendments in facilitating microbial diversity. The incidence of aragonite‐like minerals suggested the biologically/chemically active nature of microaggregate cores. Bulk analysis of free microaggregates showed a higher concentration of SOC (6.5%), ammonium oxalate extractable Fe/Al/Si), and higher aliphaticity of humic acid in manure‐/compost‐added soils compared to inorganic fertilizer (3% SOC) and control (2.7% SOC) treatments. The co‐existence of elements (calcium [Ca]/C, iron [Fe]/N, Fe/C, aluminum [Al]/C, and silicon [Si]/C) was partially supported by bulk chemical analysis that indicated a strong association between ammonium oxalate extractable Fe/Al/Si and SOC (R2 = 0.63—0.77). Overall, our study provided direct/indirect evidence for the complex and interactive involvement of chemical, mineralogical, and biological mechanisms that may have been stimulated by the long‐term addition of compost/manure in stabilizing SOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dimensional layered magnetic materials like Fe‐doped SnS2 are cheap, abundant, and biocompatible, used for spintronics applications. The hydrothermal synthesized hexagonal nano disc structure of the sample is seen in the SEM images at room temperature. Pure SnS2, which is diamagnetic with magnetization 0.02067 emu/g becomes soft ferromagnetic by 2.5 % Fe doping with 0.672 emug−1 saturation magnetization and 0.222 kOe coercivity. A ultraviolet‐visible spectrometer measurement of the energy bandgap reveals a drop in energy from 2.35 to 2.2 eV, and the PL spectrum displays intense blue emission at a wavelength of 482–484 nm. Maximum entropy method (MEM), confirmed the ionic to covalent conversion upon Fe doping, due to the residual charge accumulation at the intermediate regions. The electron densities in Fe doped system in the plane (023) at Bond Critical Point of Sn─S and S─S are 0.327 and 0.354 e Å−3, respectively, with negative total energy density values confirming covalent bonding. A high electron density of 0.856 e Å−3 at the Sn─Sn region confirms interstitial charge accumulation. This introduces new intermediate energy levels in the forbidden region, reducing the energy bandgap and making the substance more semiconducting, making it useful for optical, opto‐electronic, and half‐metal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique investigation has been undertaken to analyze the heat transmission by convective and radiative mechanisms in a fully saturated penetrable fin of a longitudinal structure positioned on a leaning surface. This study introduces the fusion of the realms of Homotopy perturbation and Sumudu transform techniques to address a previously unexplored problem involving a moving fin with temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity. In prior research papers, the Homotopy Perturbation Sumudu Transform Method (HPSTM) was utilized to obtain analytical solutions for fins featuring temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity. However, in our current study, we employ the HPSTM to tackle a novel problem involving a moving porous fin. This fin exhibits temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity and is subjected to convection and radiation effects. Through a comparison with numerical results, the present study has validated the dependability of its findings. The dimensionless temperature profile has been investigated by studying its relationship with several parameters. Here we observed that when the Peclet number (Pe) $({Pe})$ is augmented by 400%, there is a corresponding 1.11% increase in thermal outline at the fin's extremity. Enhancing the value of radiation parameter Nr ${Nr}$ by 400% declines the temperature of the fin tip by 14.079%. This study encourages the application of the Homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform technique in more complex fin problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Individuals with special healthcare needs (SHCN) are more likely to sustain traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) due to distinct risk factors. The aim of this review was to assess various risk factors associated with TDIs in individuals with SHCN. Materials and Methods: The protocol was designed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane‐handbook, Joanna Briggs Institute, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022357422). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus using a pre‐defined strategy without any limitation of language and year of publication. It was last updated on 25 April 2023. Studies addressing the TDIs in individuals with SHCN were included. Data extraction and analyses were performed, risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, and a meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the review. They were categorized according to the target disease/condition: cerebral palsy (n = 5), ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (n = 5), visually impaired (n = 4), and multiple disorders (n = 7). The studies showed variability in the design and methods; however, 17 out of 21 studies showed moderate to low ROB. Increased overjet and lip incompetence were the main risk factors reported in the studies. The commonest injuries were observed to be enamel and enamel and dentine fractures. Conclusion: The overall pooled prevalence of TDI in individuals with special healthcare needs was 23.16% with 20.98% in males and 27.06% in females. Overjet >3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were found to be associated with a higher risk of TDI in all the categories of individuals with special healthcare needs except ADHD and ASD. Falls at home in cerebral palsy, falls while walking and self‐harm in ADHD and ASD, falls at home and collision in visual impairment, and unspecified falls in multiple disorders could be identified as the most common cause of TDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of I2/CAN has emerged as a mild and powerful reagent for the oxidative Csp3‐Csp2 cleavage of 3,3′‐bis‐7‐azaindolylmethane to provide a quantitative combined yield of 3‐formyl and 3‐iodo‐7‐azaindole in a one‐pot reaction at RT. A plausible mechanism and characterization, including XRD, has been described. The synthetic transformations of title compounds were explored by reduction, Click, reductive amination, and Suzuki coupling reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence on the impact of yoga in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The review includes 18 studies that examined the effects of yoga on various parameters in RA patients. The studies found that yoga can lead to improvements in biomarkers, disease activity, quality of life, and psychological well-being in RA patients. The review highlights the potential of yoga as a non-pharmacological treatment option for RA. However, more research is needed to determine the specific type, duration, and frequency of yoga practices that are most effective for RA. [Extracted from the article]

Lignin present in the inner core of natural lignocellulosic fibers is preferably removed for use in the textile industry as it hinders fiber spinnability. This study focuses on integrating the bioprocessing of agro residues and a natural fiber source (coir) for the effective production of lignin‐modifying enzymes while simultaneously softening the natural fibers. The lignin content in the raw fibers (42.17%) could be reduced by 14–31% by treating them with Phanerochaete chrysosporium for 30 days in the presence of agro waste, such as paddy straw, groundnut husk, corn husk, coir pith, sugarcane bagasse, saw dust and coconut leaf. Among the lignocellulosic wastes tested, P. chrysporium‐fermented groundnut husk with coir produced the maximum yield of lignin‐modifying enzymes (lignin peroxidase, 2.05 U mg−1; manganese peroxidase, 7.50 U mg−1; laccase, 0.43 U mL−1), while the tensile strength of the fiber was decreased by 9.9% compared with the raw fiber (110.14 MPa) on 30 days of incubation. Similarly, SB dust demonstrated good lignin‐modifying enzyme activity (lignin peroxidase, −1.57 U mg−1; manganese peroxidase, 8.14 U mg−1; and laccase, 0.35 U mg−1) as well as the tensile strength of the coir also being increased. A reduction in flexural rigidity owing to delignification was observed and hence a minimum 16% increase in softness was achieved in the integrated process. Our study presents an efficient strategy that exploits low‐cost agro residues for enzyme production and generates bio‐softened coir of acceptable quality in the export and domestic markets. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is an underrecognized cause of pulmonary hypertension and fulminant right ventricle failure. It is associated with a high mortality due to delay in diagnosis. We present two cases of PTTM, both diagnosed postmortem, highlighting the importance of timely identification and initiation of treatment for this nearfatal condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a few reports on paraphenylene diamine induced beard dermatitis,[[2]] but to our knowledge, this is the first case report of a beard hair growth oil causing LPP. Beard cosmetics, case report, cosmetics, fragrances, LPP, patch test Keywords: beard cosmetics; case report; cosmetics; fragrances; LPP; patch test EN beard cosmetics case report cosmetics fragrances LPP patch test 130 132 3 07/11/23 20230801 NES 230801 Beard cosmetics are a fast-growing segment of the personal care industry. [Extracted from the article]

A facile, catalyst‐ and solvent‐ free, three‐component reaction was developed for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles at room temperature and under white light. The reaction proceeds via enamine formation between primary amines with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds followed by Michael addition with β‐nitro styrene and subsequent intramolecular cyclization and aromatization to yield 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles in good to excellent yields. Further, the present strategy is highly atom‐economical and environmentally benign. The preliminary in vitro cytotoxic studies on a set of compounds were performed against Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and one of the compounds 4 ac showed significant activity with an IC50 value of 17.82 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content‐based medical image retrieval (CBMIR) is a mechanism to handle a huge quantity of image data generated in various medical imaging modalities. In recent years, due to the evolution of computer vision and digital imaging modalities, a large number of medical images are generated. Consequently, the task of retrieving medical images from a large image database becomes more tedious due to variation in the size and shape of the images. Hence, it is necessary to design an appropriate system for medical image retrieval. In this paper a methodology for CBMIR using features of an image such as colour, shape, and texture is proposed to represent and retrieve the images from a large database that are relevant to a given query image. This methodology is evaluated for the application of retrieving the brain MRI images of different planes (coronal, sagittal, and transverse) from a dataset of normal and demented subjects. The features are determined in terms of Grey level co‐occurrence based Haralik's features and histogram based cumulative distribution function (CDF). The image retrieval mechanism is designed using the K‐Nearest Neighbour algorithm by finding the minimum distance between query and database images. The performance parameters such as precision and recall are calculated. The average accuracy of 95.5% are obtained. The results provided ensures the capability to use it as assistive framework for radiologists in radiology image retrieval and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); pulmonary actinomycosis; sulfur granules EN bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) pulmonary actinomycosis sulfur granules 158 160 3 02/07/23 20230301 NES 230301 The role of a bronchoalveolar lavage sample cell block in the diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis. FNAC is usually done for localised mass lesions, especially those mimicking malignancy.[9] Very few cases of pulmonary actinomycosis are diagnosed on cytology, especially on BAL samples when compared to FNAC. A single reported case showed a ball-in-hole appearance on chest X-ray, CT chest, and bronchoscopic examination.[3] Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most commonly performed procedure for the diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis. [Extracted from the article]

This study integrates the resource demand and social exchange perspectives and assesses if employer brand, organizational politics, self‐efficacy, and family‐work conflict predict employee engagement. Furthermore, this paper examines the impact of boundary conditions of employee engagement by focusing on exchange ideology and gender. Data were collected using questionnaires from 411 managerial employees working in licensed commercial banks in Sri Lanka. The results revealed that employer brand, perceived organizational politics, and self‐efficacy were significantly related to employee engagement. The results, however, did not support the negative relationship between family‐work conflict and employee engagement or the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between family‐work conflict and employee engagement. But, exchange ideology moderated the relationship between employer brand and employee engagement albeit contrary to the hypothesized directions. The implications of this research, possible limitations and directions for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Women with autoimmune diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), often need to continue immunomodulatory therapies during pregnancy. While the evidence of birth and short‐term outcomes in children exposed in utero to these medicines is reassuring, long‐term safety data are lacking. Aim: To assess any association between in utero exposure to thiopurines and diagnoses of chronic diseases (type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease, thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, IBD and asthma) and congenital malformations during childhood and adolescence. Methods: This nationwide cohort study was based on information using Danish registers and comprised all live‐born children from 1995 to 2015 (N = 1 308 778). Children exposed in utero to thiopurines were followed for a median of 8.9 years (25%‐75% percentiles 5.5‐12.4 years); children not exposed were followed for 13.9 years (25%‐75% percentiles 8.7‐19.0 years). Analyses were adjusted for a number of confounders including the type of maternal underlying disease. Results: A total of 1047 children had been exposed to thiopurines in utero; 96 developed a chronic disease and 126 were diagnosed with congenital malformations during follow‐up. The adjusted hazard ratio for rheumatoid arthritis was 0.78 (95% CI 0.35‐1.73); for IBD, it was 1.45 (95% CI 0.64‐3.27); for asthma 0.94 (95% CI 0.73‐1.21), and for congenital malformations, it was 0.95 (95% CI 0.78‐1.15). For type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease, thyroid disease and ulcerative colitis, we had insufficient data to perform adjusted analysis. Conclusion: We found no increased risk of seven common chronic diseases or congenital malformations during childhood and adolescence after gestational exposure to thiopurines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on Badin, North Carolina, a segregated aluminum company town established in the early 1900s and site of a current environmental justice struggle. Racialised industrial toxicity operates through quotidian relations of care, corporate and state claims to innocence, and perversion of pleasurable environments. This affective and materialist inventory illustrates how race and waste intertwined in Badin to make aluminum vital and valuable. Drawing on critical race and postcolonial studies, feminist geopolitics, and science studies, this paper argues that intimacy is a crucial analytic for understanding racial capitalism as a political and ecological project in multiple spheres including the workplace, the home, the community and the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co‐occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss and male infertility has been reported in several instances, suggesting potential shared genetic underpinnings. One such example is the contiguous gene deletion of CATSPER2 and STRC genes, previously associated with deafness‐infertility syndrome (DIS) in males. Fifteen males with both hearing loss and infertility from southern India after exclusion for the DIS contiguous gene deletion and the FOXI1 gene mutations are subjected to exome sequencing. This resolves the genetic etiology in four probands for both the phenotypes; In the remaining 11 probands, two each conclusively accounted for deafness and male infertility etiologies. Genetic heterogeneity is well reflected in both phenotypes. Four recessive (TRIOBP, SLC26A4, GJB2, COL4A3) and one dominant (SOX10) for the deafness; six recessive genes (LRGUK, DNAH9, ARMC4, DNAH2, RSPH6A, and ACE) for male infertility can be conclusively ascribed. LRGUK and RSPH6A genes are implicated earlier only in mice models, while the ARMC4 gene is implicated in chronic destructive airway diseases due to primary ciliary dyskinesia. This study would be the first to document the role of these genes in the male infertility phenotype in humans. The result suggests that deafness and infertility are independent events and do not segregate together among the probands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient ABB’C four-component Strecker reaction between 2-aminopyridines, aromatic aldehydes and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) was developed under metal- and solvent-free conditions to access N-arylidene-2-aryl-imidazo[1,2-a]azin-3- amines in high yields. This one-pot reaction was carried out in the presence of elemental sulfur as catalyst using readily available starting material at room temperature. The reaction was tolerant to several substituted 2-aminopyridines and aryl aldehydes and have good green chemistry metrics as compared to the reported methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prognosis of hyperproliferative skin lesions, such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, and non‐melanoma skin cancers, is significantly benefited from the levels of tazarotene‐induced gene‐1 (TIG3) expression and subsequent treatment with tazarotene. Such observations suggest that TIG3 could be used as a biomarker for apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of TIG3 in normal oral mucosa (NOM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared with normal skin (NS) and skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) using immunohistochemistry. Methods: Seventeen cases each of SSCC, OSCC, NOM, and NS were evaluated. Each section was immunohistochemically stained with a rabbit polyclonal TIG3 antibody. The entire procedure was blinded and evaluated by 5 observers. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi‐square test. Results: There was a significant decrease in TIG3 protein expression in OSCC and SSCC compared with that in NOM and NS (P = 0.008). The progressive loss of expression was observed as the grade of both malignancies increased. However, there was no significant difference in the expression among the normal tissue groups and within SCC groups of similar grades. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the loss of TIG3 is an important event in carcinogenesis. TIG3 acts as a regulator of keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation. Therefore, TIG3 could be a potential biomarker to differentiate aggressive and non‐aggressive neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of spiro[indoline‐3,3'‐pyrrolizin]‐2'‐yl)‐4‐phenylquinoline‐3‐carboxylate 6 from 2‐amino‐5‐chlorobenzhydrol 1, benzyl alcohols 3, and methyl or ethyl acetoacetate 2 is reported by the Cu(OAc)2, TEMPO catalyzed dehydrogenative Friedlander annulation/sp3–CH‐functionalization/regioselective 1,3‐ dipolar cyclo‐ addition. Likewise, chimanine A analogues 7 were obtained using a similar strategy in DES (Deep Eutectic Solvents) as a reaction medium in excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Advances in genomic sequencing have facilitated the sequencing of genes associated with disorders of haemostasis. The identification of variants within genes and access to curated data incorporating structural, functional, evolutionary as well as phenotypic data has become increasingly important in order to ascribe pathogenicity. Aim: The European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) Coagulation Factor Variant Database Project aims to provide a single port of entry to a web‐accessible resource for variants in genes involved in clinical bleeding disorders. Results: New databases have evolved from previously developed single gene variant coagulation database projects, incorporating new data, new analysis tools and a new common database architecture with new interfaces and filters. These new databases currently present information about the genotype, phenotype (laboratory and clinical) and structural and functional effects of variants described in the genes of factor (F) VII (F7), FVIII (F8), FIX (F9) and von Willebrand factor (VWF). Conclusion: The project has improved the quality and quantity of information available to the haemostasis research and clinical communities, thereby enabling accurate classification of disease severity in order to make assessments of likely pathogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of elemental sulfur for the synthesis of 2H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones has been demonstrated. This strategy involves coupling of 2‐aminopyridines and β‐oxo esters under neat condition in the absence of external oxidant. The reaction does not require pre‐functionalization of the substrates, thus making it an alternate approach for the synthesis of 2H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones. The reaction was tolerant to several substituted 2‐aminopyridines and β‐oxo esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclin‐dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases of the CMGC family. The cyclin D/CDK4 complex plays an important role in cell proliferation. Deregulation of the CDK4‐cyclin D pathway leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, causing various tumors and cancers in humans. CDK4 overexpression is widely observed in colorectal and uterine cervical carcinomas, liposarcomas, osteosarcomas, and breast cancer. CDK4 is extensively studied as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Hence, the identification of the binding modes of inhibitors and important active‐site residues is crucial. However, an experimentally determined crystal structure of ligand‐bound CDK4 kinase has not been reported to date. Thus, this study aimed to identify hotspot residues in the ligand‐binding interface of CDK4. Three compounds exhibiting very high inhibitory activity against CDK4 (Cpd03, Cpd13, and Cpd14) were selected as potent antagonists in this study. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out to identify the binding modes and crucial residues. For validation, we calculated total binding free energy and energy decomposition, which identified residues Ala151, Ala30, Asp152, His89, Ile9, Leu141, Phe87, Val17, and Val90 are the highest‐energy contributors important for inhibitor binding. The results of our study provide insights in the binding patterns of CDK4 inhibitors and reveal key residues in the ligand‐binding interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the thermal conductivity of the fluid in various heat exchange systems plays an important role. In this regard, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their higher thermal conductivity, can enhance the heat transfer potential. The main objective of the present study is to explore the impact of suction and injection on the oscillatory flow of CNT‐based hybrid nanofluid through a channel under the influence of the magnetic field for analysing heat transfer perspectives. While developing a mathematical model of the problem, we also considered other relevant elements, such as thermal radiation for optically thin fluids and porous mediums. The behaviour of a water‐SWCNT + MWCNT hybrid nanofluid is studied concerning the volume fraction of CNTs. The governing flow equations have been solved to obtain the correct solutions for the distribution of velocities and temperatures. Graphs and tables are used to assess the impact of relevant parameters on the flow and derived quantities. Adding CNTs to a fluid reduces its temperature and velocity, making it ideal for cooling systems. However, plates exhibit a maximum heat transfer of 35.35% and 25.35%, respectively, for ϕ1=0.01${\phi }_1 = 0.01$ and ϕ2=0.02${\phi }_2 = 0.02$. The magnetic and constant pressure parameters greatly diminish the fluid's velocity, while the thermal buoyancy forces strengthen the flow. The effectiveness of the current study is confirmed by comparing its results to those from previous investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Respiratory viral polymerase chain reaction (RV PCR) tests assist in rapidly identifying viral pathogens and differentiating viral versus bacterial causes of pneumonia. Studies evaluating the use of RV PCR tests on antibiotic use in adults have demonstrated mixed results. We implemented an antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) intervention for patients with a positive RV PCR test result who were receiving broad‐spectrum antibiotics and aimed to assess the impact on antibiotic usage. Methods: Retrospective quasi‐experimental study of adult hospitalized patients comparing time to antibiotic deescalation, duration of antibiotic therapy, and antiviral use preintervention (January–March 2016) and postintervention (January–March 2017). Results: Of 172 ASP alerts reviewed, 55 (32%) were considered actionable. Of these, 47% of interventions were accepted. No significant difference was observed in median time to antibiotic deescalation (pre: 2.7 days vs post: 2.3 days, p=0.88). Time to discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy pre‐ and postintervention was reduced from 4 to 1.9 days (p=0.057) for piperacillin‐tazobactam, from 2.7 to 1.8 days (p=0.75) for ceftriaxone, and from 3.6 to 2 days (p=0.4) for levofloxacin, respectively. Time to initiation of oseltamivir for influenza was significantly shorter in the postintervention group (pre: 11.3 hrs vs post: 3.6 hrs, p=0.02). Conclusion: A third of patients receiving broad‐spectrum antibiotics with a positive RV PCR had an opportunity for antimicrobial optimization, although this did not translate into a significant impact on the time to antibiotic deescalation or overall antibiotic use. Combination of RV PCR results with biomarkers to rule out bacterial coinfections and chest radiographic findings may help enhance the likelihood of accepted antibiotic deescalation recommendations and represents an area of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A RET (Rearranged during transfection) kinase belongs to a receptor tyrosine kinase family. It plays a major role in development, maturation, survival, and maintenance of cells and tissues. Oncogenic activation of RET has been reported in numerous cancers. Thus, it is a significant therapeutic target for cancer. Present work covers docking and 3D‐QSAR techniques executed on anilinoquinazoline derivatives as RET kinase antagonists. Docking study recognized important active site amino acid residues like Leu730, Gly731, Gly733, Glu734, Ala807, Gly810, Ser811, and Asp874 which inhibits the RET kinase. In 3D‐QSAR technique, receptor‐guided CoMFA (q2 = 0.723, NOC = 5, r2 = 0.980) as well as CoMSIA (q2 = 0.767, NOC = 6, r2 = 0.967) models were produced. The stabilities of these models were evaluated using diverse validation techniques. Contour maps showed that steric and hydrogen bond donor substitutions are favored at R1 and R2 positions whereas positive and negative substitutions are favored at the R1 position to enhance the potency. In addition, the substitution of H‐bond accepting group to the region which is close to both phenyl and piperazine is favored. Hence, the outcome of this study could be beneficial to design more potent inhibitors for RET kinase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toll‐like receptors are membrane‐bound proteins which plays a vital role in the regulation of innate immune response which is involved in various inflammatory disorders. 3,6‐Dihydroxyflavone (3,6‐DHF) is a known chemo preventive agent which is used in the treatment of various cancers including breast cancer and an effective JNK kinase inhibitor which can efficiently block the TLR2‐mediated signaling pathways. In this current study, we have explored inhibition of 3,6‐DHF in TLR2/TLR1 heterodimerization. We stimulated HEK cells by Pam3CSK4 which specifically induced inflammation through TLR2/TLR1 binding. Secretion of the inflammatory cytokine in Pam3CSK4‐induced HEK293‐hTLR2 cells was considerably reduced by 3,6‐DHF, implying that 3,6‐DHF inhibited Pam3CSK4‐induced TLR2/TLR1 signaling specifically. In addition, 3,6‐DHF did not cause severe cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells at high concentration up to 100 μM. The binding affinity of 3,6‐DHF to TLR2 and TLR1 was explored with 10−5 affinity using bio‐layer interferometry and molecular docking studies identified the important active site residues that participate in the inhibition of TLR2/TLR1 heterodimerization. Our results showed that 3,6‐DHF inhibits TLR2‐mediated inflammatory signaling by direct binding and the insights in designing more potent drug candidates by targeting the interacting crucial active site residues in TLR2/TLR1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiVO4 have been proven to be one of the most promising photocatalyst for degradation of organic dyes and also exhibit good electrochemical performances in heavy metal detection. Herein, we have developed a simple, economic and low‐cost combustion synthesis of BiVO4 nanoparticles using bismuth nitrate as an oxidiser, lemon (Citrus Limon) juice as fuel. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by Powder X‐ray diffractometer (PXRD), Fourier Transform‐Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analytical techniques. Flower‐like morphology BiVO4 nanoparticles were observed for higher ratio of fuel (Citrus Limon). BiVO4 nanoparticles showed an excellent photocatalytic activity towards degradation of Indigo Carmine dye in solution. Further, BiVO4 modified electrode was examined for the detection of Hg (II) using electrochemical techniques. We have successfully synthesised BiVO4 nanoparticles by non‐chemical solution combustion method using lemon juice as low‐cost fuel. The results also reveal that synthesised BiVO4 contained no other impurity metal oxide peaks. BiVO4 nanoparticles show good photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of IC dye. Furthermore, it gives good results in electrochemical heavy metal detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the structural and energetic properties of binary ionic porphyrin molecular complexes [H4TPPS4]2-···SnTP using quantum chemical techniques. As the axial ligands and the protonation of pyridine sites highly influence the structure and coordination of metal-containing porphyrin, various structures of SnTP in the presence and absence of axial ligands and pyridine protons were considered. The constructed porphyrins were then made to interact face to face, and the formed complexes were optimized at the HF/STO-3G level of theory. The stability and stack-like interaction of the complexes were analyzed through interplanar spacing, planar angle, and edge-to-edge distance. The structural parameters emphasize the importance of axial ligands for the formation of stack-like structures. The complex that contains axial ligands with pyridine protons, namely [H4TPPS4]2-···[X'SnXTPH]4+, shows a perfectly stacked layer with a reasonable interplanar distance, which is confirmed from the calculated counterpoise interaction and deformation energies. The energetic parameters were found to correlate well with the obtained geometries. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps were obtained to infer the presence of nonbonded interaction between the binary ionic porphyrins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world has recently experienced one of the biggest and most severe public health disasters with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2). SARS‐CoV‐2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) which is one of the most widespread and powerful infections affecting human lungs. Current figures show that the epidemic had reached 216 nations, where it had killed about 6,438,926 individuals and infected 590,405,710. WHO proclaimed the outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), in 2014 that killed hundreds of people in West Africa. The development of vaccines for SARS‐CoV‐2 becomes more difficult due to the viral mutation in its non‐structural proteins (NSPs) especially NSP2 and NSP3, S protein, and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Continuous monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2, dynamics of the genomic sequence, and spike protein mutations are very important for the successful development of vaccines with good efficacy. Hence, the vaccine development for SARS‐CoV‐2 faces specific challenges starting from viral mutation. The requirement of long‐term immunity development, safety, efficacy, stability, vaccine allocation, distribution, and finally, its cost is discussed in detail. Currently, 169 vaccines are in the clinical development stage, while 198 vaccines are in the preclinical development stage. The majority of these vaccines belong to the Ps—Protein subunit type which has 54, and the minor BacAg‐SPV (Bacterial antigen‐spore expression vector) type, at least 1 vaccination. The use of computational methods and models for vaccine development has revolutionized the traditional methods of vaccine development. Further, this updated review highlights the upcoming vaccine development strategies in response to the current pandemic and post‐pandemic era, in the field of vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Francisella tularensisis, the causative agent of tularemia has been classified as a category A bioterrorism agent. Here, we present the crystal structure of apo and adenine bound form of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) from Francisella tularensis. APRT is an enzyme involved in the salvage of adenine (a 6‐aminopurine), converting it to AMP. The purine salvage pathway relies on two essential and distinct enzymes to convert 6‐aminopurine and 6‐oxopurines into corresponding nucleotides. The mechanism by which these enzymes differentiate different purines is not clearly understood. Analysis of the structures of apo and adenine‐bound APRT from F. tularensis, together with all other available structures of APRTs, suggests that (a) the base‐binding loop is stabilized by a cluster of aromatic and conformation‐restricting proline residues, and (b) an N–H···N hydrogen bond between the base‐binding loop and the N1 atom of adenine is the key interaction that differentiates adenine from 6‐oxopurines. These observations were corroborated by bioinformatics analysis of ~ 4000 sequences of APRTs (with 80% identity cutoff), which confirmed that the residues conferring rigidity to the base‐binding loop are highly conserved. Furthermore, an F23A mutation on the base‐binding loop severely affects the efficiency of the enzyme. We extended our analysis to the structure and sequences of APRTs from the Trypanosomatidae family with a destabilizing insertion on the base‐binding loop and propose the mechanism by which these evolutionarily divergent enzymes achieve base specificity. Our results suggest that the base‐binding loop not only confers appropriate affinity but also provides defined specificity for adenine. Enzyme: EC 2.4.2.7 Database: Structural data are available in Protein Data Bank (PDB) under the accession numbers 5YW2 and 5YW5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) plays important roles in cell cycle regulation. Owing to its multiple roles in many cancer types, it is considered as a significant target for cancer drug design. In this study, we used docking techniques and 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies on a series of 6-substituted 2-arylaminopurine derivatives as CDK2 kinase inhibitors. Receptor-guided comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) (q² = 0.653, optimal number of component [ONC] = 6, r² = 0.965) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) (q² = 0.718, ONC = 6, r² = 0.872) models were developed. Validation by progressive scrambling, bootstrapping (BS), and leave-five-out method suggests that the developed 3D-QSAR models (CoMFA and CoMSIA) have reasonable predictive ability and reliability. Docking analysis revealed five hydrogen bond interactions between the compound 13 (most active compound) and CDK2 active site residues namely Glu81, Leu83, and Asp86. Contour map analysis gave comprehensive information regarding favorable and unfavorable substitution groups. Bulky, electropositive, and hydrophobic substitution groups at the r² region can enhance the inhibitory activity of compounds whereas electronegative, hydrogen bond donor, and nonhydrophobic substitution groups at the position R¹ will increase the inhibitory activity. Our contour map results can be used as a guideline in designing new potent compounds for CDK2 inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds are some of the most common hazardous organics in wastewater. Removal of these pollutants is important. Physiochemical method such as electrochemical oxidation on dimensionally stable anodes is more convenient in removing such organic pollutants. Therefore, this study focuses on development of three different anodes for phenol contaminated water treatment. The performances of steel/IrO2, steel/IrO2-Sb2O3, and Ti/IrO2-Sb2O3 anodes were tested and compared. Nearly 50, 76, and 84% of chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies were observed for steel/IrO2, steel/IrO2-Sb2O3, and Ti/IrO2-Sb2O3 anodes, respectively. The formation of intermediates was monitored for three anodes and the Ti/IrO2-Sb2O3 anode showed the most promising results. Findings suggest that the developed anode materials can enhance phenol oxidation efficiency and that mixed metal oxide layer has major influence on the anode. Among the selected metal oxide mixtures IrO2-Sb2O3 was the most suitable under given experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung transplant recipients are at an increased risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and those who develop CDI post‐transplant can have worsened outcomes including graft failure and death. We sought to describe the efficacy and safety of primary CDI prophylaxis with oral vancomycin among 86 adult lung transplant recipients. Overall, we observed a 9.3% (8/86) incidence of CDI among patients receiving prophylaxis, with the majority of infections occurring a median of 25 days after completion of prophylaxis. Furthermore, we observed a 4.7% incidence of VRE infection/colonization. Opportunities exist to optimize the duration of CDI prophylaxis to balance the benefits and risks in lung transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated polymer-layered filler nanocomposites have received extensive interest as multifunctional materials in various futuristic applications. In this study, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) particle size on the synthesis, optical, and electrochemical properties of in situ prepared graphene oxide (GO)-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanocomposites have been studied. The intercalation of GO with P3HT is inferred from shifting and broadening of the characteristic D- and G-bands of GO in Raman spectra and also the vibrational frequencies in FTIR. This interaction is further confirmed from increase of the optical band gap and the ellipsometry data. The UV-visible absorption maximum ( λmax) of P3HT decreases from 438 to 418 nm in the nanocomposite owing to ionic interactions between GO and the polymer causing a decrease of the polymer conjugation length. Compared to the homopolymer, the emission maximum of the composite is broadened and enhanced in intensity with 10 wt% GO but emission quenching is observed with GO nanoparticles. The evidence of polymer intercalation was also deduced from the determination of the basal spacing and unit cell dimensions of GO, using X-ray diffraction data. Morphological studies using field emission scanning electron microscopy suggest that the crystalline rod-like structures observed in the homopolymer have changed to more amorphous, flaky, and porous structures. The cyclic voltammetry studies show an increase in current with increasing GO content in the porous nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:852-862, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on a collaborative project by the co-authors, investigating how filmmaking may intervene into the racialised politics of place and the practices of memory. Warren County, North Carolina is credited as the birthplace of the US environmental justice movement for 1982 landmark protests linking environmental concerns with civil rights organising. Our 2012 short film, Remembering Kearneytown, looks at this significant environmental history through the perspective of co-author Rev. Kearney, assistant pastor at a church nearby Warren County's iconic former toxic landfill. In the film, Rev. Kearney calls for his community to reclaim their legacy of environmental justice and re-imagine Warren County as a model of health rather than waste. This article proposes that collaborative filmmaking can serve as a technology of liberatory praxis, to intervene in dominant racial narratives. Our approach conceives of filmmaking geographically, using visual methodologies to engage with the meanings and transformative capacities of place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) contribute to the rapid evolution of bacterial pathogens via horizontal gene transfer of virulence determinants. ICEs have common mechanisms for transmission, yet the cues triggering this process under natural environmental or physiological conditions are largely unknown. In this study, mobilization of the putative ICE horizontally acquired island 2 (HAI2), present in the chromosome of the phytopathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043, was examined during infection of the host plant potato. Under these conditions, mobilization of HAI2 increased markedly compared with in vitro cultures. In plantainduced mobilization of HAI2 was regulated by quorum sensing and involved the putative ICEencoded relaxase ECA0613. Disruption of ECA0613 also reduced transcription of genes involved in production of coronafacic acid (Cfa), the major virulence factor harboured on HAI2, whereas their expression was unaffected in the quorum-sensing (expI) mutant. Thus, suppression of cfa gene expression was not regulated by the mobilization of the ICE per se, but was due directly to inactivation of the relaxase. The identification of genetic factors associated solely with in planta mobilization of an ICE demonstrates that this process is highly adapted to the natural environment of the bacterial host and can influence the expression of virulence determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell division cycle 7 (Cdc7) is a serine-threonine protein kinase which plays an essential role in replication and initiation of DNA synthesis. Overexpression of the Cdc7 in various tumor growths and in cell proliferation makes it a novel target for cancer therapy. In the present study, we have performed 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship ( 3D-QSAR) studies on a series of trisubstituted thiazole derivatives targeting Cdc7 kinase. Reasonable CoMFA ( q2 = 0.838, NOC = 5, r2 = 0.984) and CoMSIA ( q2 = 0.875, NOC = 6, r2 = 0.979) models were developed. All the developed models were validated using an external validation test set, leave-out-five, bootstrapping, progressive samplings, and rm2 metrics. Both the models exhibited acceptable values on all validation techniques and hence were considered to be robust and predictive. Molecular docking study revealed the crucial interaction of the most active compound (compound 49) with the conserved active site residues. Our results are in line with the previous studies. Contour map analysis revealed the important insights that would help in increasing the potency of the compounds. From these results, we could suggest that bulky positive substitutions are favored in the R2 position of the phenyl ring. Hydrogen-bond acceptor groups in the R1 position could increase the activity. Hydrogen-bond donor groups are favored near the amino group of R3 position. Long substitution in the R3 position will reduce the activity and must be avoided. Our results could be used to design more potent trisubstituted thiazole derivative of Cdc7 kinase inhibitors in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding the gap junction protein Connexin 26 have been associated with autosomal recessive as well as dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss. Owing to the involvement of connexins in skin homeostasis, GJB2 mutations have also been associated with syndromic forms of hearing loss showing various skin manifestations. We report an assortatively mating hearing impaired family of south Indian origin with three affected members spread over two generations, having p.R75Q mutation in the GJB2 gene in the heterozygous condition. The inheritance pattern was autosomal dominant with mother and son being affected. Dermatological and histopathologic examinations showed absence of palmoplantar keratoderma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from India on p.R75Q mutation in the GJB2 gene with nonsyndromic hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of starchy substrates for amylase production from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 6537 was carried out under solid state fermentation. Supplementation of beef extract and K2HPO4 to the fermentation medium increased the amylase activity to 1.6-fold. Batch scale production of amylase was also studied at 100 g and 3 kg (3 × 1 kg) tray-level batch fermentation. Extraction of fermented substrate with various salts and solvents did not show any considerable difference in amylase activity. MW of the partially purified enzyme was found to be 52 kDa by SDS-PAGE and the enzyme exhibited an optimum activity at pH 7.0 and 70°C and was stable within the pH range of 4.0-9.0 and temperatures up to 80°C. The enzyme showed maximum substrate specificity towards soluble starch. The activity was enhanced by K+ and Na+ ions, while Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and EDTA strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. The enzyme showed excellent compatibility and stability with various commercial detergents and oxidizing agents. The effect of amylase was also evaluated by the addition of some breadmaking ingredients and metabolites. The results revealed that the amylase from B. subtilis MTCC 6537 could be used as a potential candidate in detergent and breadmaking industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt exclusion at the roots and salt secretion in the leaves were examined in a mangrove, A vicennia officinalis. The non-secretor mangrove B ruguiera cylindrica was used for comparative study of hydrophobic barrier formation in the roots. Bypass flow was reduced when seedlings were previously treated with high salt concentration. A biseriate exodermis was detected in the salt-treated roots, along with an enhanced deposition of hydrophobic barriers in the endodermis. These barriers reduced Na+ loading into the xylem, accounting for a 90-95% salt exclusion in A . officinalis. Prominent barriers were found in the roots of B . cylindrica even in the absence of salt treatment. A cytochrome P 450 gene that may regulate suberin biosynthesis was up-regulated within hours of salt treatment in A . officinalis roots and leaves, corresponding with increased suberin deposition. X-ray microanalysis showed preferential deposition of Na+ and Cl− in the root cortex compared with the stele, suggesting that the endodermis is the primary site of salt exclusion. Enhanced salt secretion and increased suberin deposition surrounding the salt glands were seen in the leaves with salt treatment. Overall, these data show that the deposition of apoplastic barriers increases resistance to bypass flow leading to efficient salt exclusion at the roots in mangroves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E scherichia coli have public health impact on humans by causing gastroenteritis including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. A total of 215 samples collected from fast foods, swabs from meat shops and fish markets were examined. Thirty-six samples (16.74%) were identified as E . coli with various serogroups like O8, O19, O22, O41, O60, O101, O116 and O147, respectively. Only nine (25%) E . coli possessed the gene encoding shiga toxin ( stx 1). Isolated E . coli were multidrug-resistant with complete resistance to fluroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and lomefloxacin respectively). Isolation of stx 1 bearing E . coli with multidrug resistance from fast food and meat sources is a clear indication of environmental contamination and is a matter of public health concern. Practical Application Detection of diarrheogenic serogroups of stx 1 harboring E scherichia coli with multidrug resistance in fast foods and meat shops is applicable in creating awareness among public about the unhygienic practices followed in the fast food centers and retail meat shops and also the improper disposal of fecal and antibiotic wastes, which is the cause for such contaminations. This study also insists the need of health education and hygienic practice for the food handlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's aim is to understand how individuals who are part of dual-earner couples experience and deal with work-family conflict in Sri Lanka. Twenty-five interviews were conducted to identify if and how couples negotiated within their marital relationships, and between themselves and their supervisors, to reduce or cope with work-family conflict. The interviews indicated that negotiations at home and at work concerned contributions to the exchange relationship and were unlikely to adversely affect the (home or work) exchange relationships. Negotiations at home were more likely to be initiated by women than men. Further, the interviews revealed an influence of spouse's gender role ideology on the success of the negotiation at home. Negotiations at work were more likely to be initiated by the interviewees than by their supervisors. The results suggest that individuals in cultures with high power distance should still initiate negotiations when they feel it is possible to obtain favorable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Here, we report Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) induced binding of HSP70 to a novel site on φ1 SMAR1 5′ UTR which stabilizes the wild type transcript and leads to subsequent increase in SMAR1 protein levels. SMAR1 mediated cell cycle arrest is perturbed in PGA2-treated cells when HSP70 is knocked-down. Contrarily HSP70, unlike SMAR1, is overexpressed in breast cancers. We demonstrate that this is because of the inability of HSP70 to bind to the φ17 SMAR1 UTR variant which is the predominant form in breast cancers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two oil blends comprising 70 parts of groundnut oil (GNO) or rice bran oil (RBO) and 30 parts of coconut oil (CNO) or palmolein (PO) blends were studied for odor quality changes during deep fat frying by sensory and electronic nose techniques. Poori, a common Indian product, was deep fat fried in the two blends; altogether 10 fryings were made for each blend. Sensory odor evaluation by the method of quantitative descriptive analysis showed that freshly prepared blends and the blends after first frying had the characteristic oily note. In GNO + CNO blend, these notes became subdued but the earthy odor increased on subsequent fryings. At the end of the 10th frying, the heated oil odor was significantly higher accompanied with marked increase in husk-like and branny notes in RBO + PO blends. This was supported by the aroma pattern obtained by the electronic nose which showed discrimination between initial and fried oil samples. The consumer acceptance study conducted among the target groups using the hedonic scale showed that “poori” (fried product) fried in GNO + CNO blend had higher acceptance because of familiarity and liking for characteristic oil odor and aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen and the cross-linked collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL) each induced platelet p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) phosphorylation after 2 min. Subsequent dephosphorylation occurred in platelets activated with collagen, but not with CRP-XL, demonstrating glycoprotein VI-independent regulation of p38. Okadaic acid and fostriecin, inhibitors specific for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), blocked p38 dephosphorylation, and PP2A co-immunoprecipitated with phospho-p38. In addition, use of phenylarsine oxide suggested that tyrosine phosphatases and PP2A may act in concert to dephosphorylate p38. Finally, regulation of p38 in collagen-stimulated Glanzmann’s platelets was indistinguishable from that in normal platelets, showing that p38 regulation is independent of integrin αIIbβ3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on periodontal and cardiac parameters as well as on the expression of calprotectin and periostin levels in periodontitis patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Ninety subjects were categorised into three groups: Group H: periodontally and systemically healthy subjects, Group P: stage III grade B periodontitis subjects with no associated systemic diseases and Group P + CAD: stage III grade B periodontitis subjects diagnosed with CAD. Demographic, periodontal and cardiac parameters were recorded at baseline (0 day) and on the 180th day after NSPT. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from all participants at baseline (0 day) and after the 180th day. Calprotectin and periostin expression were reassessed. Results: A significant increase in the levels of calprotectin (34.05 ± 11.72) was seen at baseline in the P + CAD group, whereas on the contrary, a decreased periostin (1.59 ± 0.41) was also noted at baseline. The study also showed a significant improvement in periodontal and cardiac parameters on the 180th day following NSPT. Conclusion: Detection of calprotectin and periostin expression in GCF samples could represent a link to the association of periodontitis and CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and correlate the serum and GCF levels of omentin with the periodontal status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without periodontitis. Methods: Forty‐four patients were divided into four groups: group H: 11 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects; group P: 11 systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis; group RA: 11 periodontally healthy subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and group RA + P: 11 rheumatoid arthritis subjects with periodontitis. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, modified gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded and serum and GCF samples were collected for the estimation of omentin using ELISA. Results: The mean value of plaque index, modified gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were significantly higher whereas serum and GCF omentin levels were found to be decreased in group IV when compared to the other groups. The significant correlation was found between the serum and GCF omentin levels with all the periodontal parameters. Conclusion: The omentin level in serum and GCF was found to be lower in RA patients with periodontitis. It is also inversely correlated with the periodontal parameters. Thus, omentin can serve as a significant diagnostic and therapeutic tool in both periodontal and rheumatoid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress response pathways conspire to stimulate ciliogenesis by modulating protein composition of centriolar satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Given the degenerative nature of the condition, people living with motor neuron disease (MND) experience high levels of psychological distress. The purpose of this research was to investigate the cost‐effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), adapted for the specific needs of this population, for improving quality of life.A trial‐based cost–utility analysis over a 9‐month period was conducted comparing ACT plus usual care (n = 97) versus usual care alone (n = 94) from the perspective of the National Health Service. In the primary analysis, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were computed using health utilities generated from the EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were also carried out.Difference in costs was statistically significant between the two arms, driven mainly by the intervention costs. Effects measured by EQ‐5D‐5L were not statistically significantly different between the two arms. The incremental cost‐effectiveness was above the £20,000 to £30,000 per QALY gained threshold used in the UK. However, the difference in effects was statistically significant when measured by the McGill Quality of Life‐Revised (MQOL‐R) questionnaire. The intervention was cost‐effective in a subgroup experiencing medium deterioration in motor neuron symptoms.Despite the intervention being cost‐ineffective in the primary analysis, the significant difference in the effects measured by MQOL‐R, the low costs of the intervention, the results in the subgroup analysis, and the fact that ACT was shown to improve the quality of life for people living with MND, suggest that ACT could be incorporated into MND clinical services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are an aggressive molecular subtype of breast carcinoma (BC) identified by the lack of receptor expression for estrogen, progesterone, & human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2. Lack of tangible drug targets warrants further research in TNBC. LIV1, is a zinc (Zn) transporter known to be overexpressed in few cancer types including BCs. Recently, in the United States of America, FDA approved the use of a new drug targeting LIV1, antibody drug conjugate SGN‐LIV1A for treatment of TNBC patients. Though LIV1 also has a role in modulating immune cells by its differential transport of Zn, a correlation between the tumor cell expression of LIV1 and immune cell infiltrations were scantily reported. Further adequate baseline data on LIV1 expression in other populations have not been documented. Our objective was to screen a large Indian cohort of TNBC patient samples for LIV1, categorize the immune cell infiltration using CD4/CD8 expression and correlate the findings with therapy outcomes. Further, we also investigated for LIV1 expression in matched samples of primary & secondary tumors; pre & postchemotherapy in TNBC patients. Results showed an elevated expression of LIV1 in TNBC samples as compared to adjacent normal, the mean Q scores being 183.06 ± 6.39 and 120.78 ± 7.37 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Similarly, LIV1 levels were elevated in secondary tumors than primary & in patient samples postchemotherapy as compared to naïve. In the TNBC cohort, using automated method, cell morphology parameters were computed and analysis showed LIV1 levels were elevated in grade 3 TNBC samples presenting with altered cell morphology parameters namely cell size, cell perimeter, & nucleus size. Thus indicating LIV1 expressing TNBC samples portrayed an aggressive phenotype. Finally, TNBC patients with 3+ staining intensity showed poor survival (4.44 year) as compared to patients with 2+ LIV1 expression (5.47 year), emphasizing that LIV1 expression is a poor prognostic factor in TNBC. In conclusion, the study reports elevated expression of LIV1 in a large Indian TNBC cohort; high expression is a poor prognostic factor and correlated with aggressive disease and indicating the need for LIV1 targeted therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]