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Objective: A previous report from our group identified directionally unfavorable dietary and lifestyle behavior trends in longitudinally monitored children and adolescents with obesity early in the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. The current study aimed at extending these previous observations in youths with obesity on the dietary and lifestyle behavioral consequences of the extended COVID‐19 lockdown in Verona, Italy. Methods: The sample included 32 children and adolescents with obesity participating in the longitudinal OBELIX study. Diet and lifestyle information were collected pre‐pandemic, 3 weeks into the national lockdown, and 9 months later when home confinement continued to be mandatory. Changes in outcomes over the study time points were evaluated for significance using repeated‐measures ANOVA and post‐hoc pairwise t‐tests with Bonferroni corrections. Results: As previously reported, meals/day, fried potato intake, and red meat ingestion increased significantly (p < 0.001) during the initial lockdown. Sleep time and screen time increased and sports participation decreased significantly (p < 0.001) during the initial lockdown. These changes in health behaviors remained significantly different from baseline at the second lockdown assessment, with the exception sleep time returned to baseline levels. Conclusions: Unfavorable diet and lifestyle behavioral changes in response to the initial COVID‐19 lockdown in children and adolescents with obesity have largely been sustained over the course of the pandemic. There is an urgent need to intervene on these behaviors to prevent further deleterious effects on long‐term child health; access to weight management care is critically important for these children. In addition to intervening on these behaviors, our findings should help to inform ongoing lockdown policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of drug‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (DIES), resembling the typical findings of a well‐known disease, the food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), was acknowledged in the first publication on the topic in 2014. Ten cases of DIES have been described so far. Unanswered questions concerning DIES include its pathogenetic mechanism, natural history, the possible presence of predisposing genetic factors, and the potential existence of its atypical forms. DIES is a recently defined and intriguing clinical entity, similar to FPIES but triggered by drugs. It seems well‐defined from the clinical point of view, but its pathogenetic mechanisms are not known. DIES deserves more attention among allergists, especially among the professionals who work with children, and all efforts should be conceived to improve its correct recognition and accurate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a retrospective, observational study of all children with a known diagnosis of IgE-mediated fish allergy and an exclusion diet of all species of fish, who attended our tertiary pediatric allergy unit in Madrid, Spain, between January 1, 2018, and October 31, 2019. IgE-mediated fish allergy in pediatric age: Does canned tuna have a chance for tolerance? Moreover, anamnesis regarding the length of time the patient was on tuna-exclusion diet (<2 years or more from the diagnosis of fish IgE-mediated allergy) was not statistically significant associate with the result of tuna-SPT and tuna-sIgE. [Extracted from the article]

We report the case of two siblings with incomplete DBS phenotype carrying three I LRP2 i variants never associated before with DBS phenotype. Keywords: Donnai-Barrow syndrome; low-molecular-weight-proteinuria; LRP2 gene variants; tubular proteinuria EN Donnai-Barrow syndrome low-molecular-weight-proteinuria LRP2 gene variants tubular proteinuria 711 712 2 11/09/23 20231201 NES 231201 We report the case of two siblings with incomplete Donnai-Barrow syndrome (DBS) phenotype carrying three LRP2 variants never associated before with DBS phenotype. Donnai-Barrow syndrome, LRP2 gene variants, low-molecular-weight-proteinuria, tubular proteinuria. [Extracted from the article]

Allergic diseases have different frequencies. In particular, allergic rhinitis and asthma have high frequencies of about 20% and 10%, respectively. Other allergic diseases have lower frequencies; for example, food allergy has a frequency of 1%‐4%. There are also rare allergic diseases, with a prevalence of 5 cases per 10 000 people in the general population, and they are included in Orphanet. However, other extremely rare allergic diseases still need to be properly known in order to be possibly recognized as rare diseases and cataloged in Orphanet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that youths with obesity, when removed from structured school activities and confined to their homes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, will display unfavorable trends in lifestyle behaviors.Methods: The sample included 41 children and adolescents with obesity participating in a longitudinal observational study located in Verona, Italy. Lifestyle information including diet, activity, and sleep behaviors was collected at baseline and 3 weeks into the national lockdown during which home confinement was mandatory. Changes in outcomes over the two study time points were evaluated for significance using paired t tests.Results: There were no changes in reported vegetable intake; fruit intake increased (P = 0.055) during the lockdown. By contrast, potato chip, red meat, and sugary drink intakes increased significantly during the lockdown (P value range, 0.005 to < 0.001). Time spent in sports activities decreased by 2.30 (SD 4.60) h/wk (P = 0.003), and sleep time increased by 0.65 (SD 1.29) h/d (P = 0.003). Screen time increased by 4.85 (SD 2.40) h/d (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Recognizing these adverse collateral effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic lockdown is critical in avoiding depreciation of weight control efforts among youths afflicted with excess adiposity. Depending on duration, these untoward lockdown effects may have a lasting impact on a child's or adolescent's adult adiposity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: A surgical approach is the choice in young infants with MTH, who are furthest from the time of physiological involution of the thymus, and when the thymus achieves the largest relative size, a surgical approach is the choice. Steroid therapy has been shown to be ineffective (4, 9, 16, 18‐20). No surgical complications have been reported, and the outcome is excellent. Recurrence has been seen in only one case. A surgical approach is the choice in young infants with MTH, who are furthest from the time of physiological involution of the thymus, and when the thymus achieves the largest relative size, a surgical approach is the choice. Steroid therapy has been shown to be ineffective (4, 9, 16, 18‐20). No surgical complications have been reported, and the outcome is excellent. Recurrence has been seen in only one case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: hymenoptera venom allergy; real-life stings; venom immunotherapy EN hymenoptera venom allergy real-life stings venom immunotherapy 209 211 3 02/24/21 20210201 NES 210201 To the Editor, It is known that a Hymenoptera sting cannot be avoided with absolute certainty in a patient affected by Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). Indeed, for example, it has been established for particular extracts of VIT for honeybees, that the content of the relevant allergens is mainly represented by Api m 1, and the other allergens make up only to 0.6-2% of their dry weight.12 On the other side, it has been shown that honeybee venom, in addition to Api m 1, contains multiple allergens such as Api m 2, Api m 3, Api m 4, Api m 5 and Api m 10. Component-resolved evaluation of the content of major allergens in therapeutic extracts for specific immunotherapy of honeybee venom allergy. [Extracted from the article]

Key Clinical Message: The diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is based on radiology and histology. The treatment is surgical, and the prognosis is good. For this reason, although this lung disease is rare, when a child show up at hospital with an unknown hemoptysis, this medical condition should not be underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message The lack of side effects after acute ingestion of a high dose of ebastine in our child aging 44 months suggests an overall safety profile of ebastine; it could suggest less time of hospitalization for children who are subjected to this event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italy has been one of the European countries that have been most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the third is a lower expression of viral receptors that act as COVID-19 lung docking points, in particular angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2.2,3 The attenuated immune response against COVID-19 makes it difficult to recognise the disease in children, as it often presents with symptoms that are similar to those that appear when other viruses affect children's airways. [Extracted from the article]

A letter to the editor is presented regarding a study which correlates the role of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as biomarker for allergic rhinitis in children.