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Entyloma includes pathogenic and saprobic species that infect or colonize dicotyledonous host plants. Although most Entyloma species are known only from native areas of occurrence, some species were introduced with their host plants and spread outside their natural areas. The identification of introduced species is important for detection and management of invasive species. In this study, the morphology, phylogeny and species boundaries of Entyloma eschscholziae, recently introduced from North America to Europe, are revisited. Morphology was similar among the type and other specimens of E. eschscholziae analysed on Eschscholzia californica. Both asexual and sexual morphs were observed. The rDNA ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 sequences of the E. eschscholziae specimens from Europe and New Zealand and the environmental sequence obtained from grassland soil in California, United States, were identical. Morphological and molecular analyses confirm that the causative agents of white smut on E. californica in native (North America) and introduced (Europe, New Zealand) areas belong to the same species. DNA barcodes obtained in this study (especially ITS sequence from the designated epitype specimen) could be used to facilitate its molecular identification. Specimens on Dendromecon rigida, previously assigned to E. eschscholziae, are morphologically distinct. An attempt to obtain DNA barcode data from degraded holotype material was not successful and no more recent material is available. However, based on the morphological differences and high host specificity found in Entyloma spp., it is appropriate to describe a new species, Entyloma dendromeconis, for this smut pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boxelder maple (Acer negundo, Sapindaceae) is one of the most common tree species of the genus Acer natively growing in North America. In the 17th century, A. negundo was introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant, and from this time, it started an uncontrolled expansion into new territories, threatening local ecosystems. Fungal development on invasive alien species' seeds and pedicels was observed in 2017 and 2021 in the municipality of Wrocław (Poland), outside of the native occurrence of the host. Morphological analyses combined with multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer [ITS], gapdh, act, tub2, chs‐1 and his3 sequences) showed that isolates belonged to a new species of Colletotrichum, from the rare C. agaves species complex. The name Colletotrichum acericola is proposed for this fungus. Based on comparisons with sequences from NCBI GenBank originating from prairie plants in the United States, it is likely that C. acericola is native to North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) is an important crop that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years. The main cultivation areas are the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinhai, Tibet, and Sichuan. Various fungal diseases threaten Chinese rhubarb, the most common of which is leaf smut. In literature, the causal agent of this disease is described as Thecaphora schwarzmaniana. We present morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data of two rDNA loci (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 and 28S D1‐D2) that justify the classification of the causal agent as a distinct species. Here we describe the new species Thecaphora dahuangis for the leaf smut pathogen of Chinese rhubarb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on experimental results of gas flow resistance through two metal foams, NC 2733 and Ni 2733, a modeling is performed to adjudicate governing flow mechanism. Two essential models are considered: developing laminar flow within short capillary channel (i.e., foam pore) and flow around solid body (foam strut modeled as cylinder or sphere), each of them of some variants. Foam geometry was studied using computer microtomography. The model of flow around a sphere (diameter equal to strut thickness) gives the best conformity with experiments. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1799-1803, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudocercospora avicenniicola associated with a leaf spot disease on black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) is reported from Benin. This is the first record of this species from Africa. Previously, P. avicenniicola was known only from one location in Brazil, South America. The morphology of the specimen from Africa is described, illustrated and compared with the original description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudodidymella fagi, described from infected leaves of Fagus crenata in Japan, has recently been spreading in Europe, where it causes leaf blotch of European beech Fagus sylvatica. In the years 2008–2016, an outbreak of P. fagi was observed on European beech in Switzerland, Germany and Austria, and it is reported here for the first time from Slovakia where it was detected in 2017. The identification of the pathogen is supported by the morphological analyses of material observed in vivo and in vitro and molecular analyses based on ITS sequences. Detailed morphological characterization of cultures based on European material, on F. sylvatica, is provided here for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]