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Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is an acute and self‐limited condition, which commonly occurs after treatment for spirochetal infections. Probably, it corresponds to a transient immunological reaction to endotoxin‐like products released from the microorganism during the therapy. For this reason, JHR may be associated with many other infectious diseases besides syphilis. Here, we report a case of a patient affected by extended cutaneous candidiasis diagnosed by culture examination; a JHR occurred after an accidental overdose of oral fluconazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pitted keratolysis ( PK) is a plantar skin disorder mainly caused by coryneform bacteria. A common treatment consists of the topical use of erythromycin. Hyperhidrosis is considered a predisposing factor for bacterial proliferation and, consequently, for the onset of PK. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PK erythromycin and hyperhidrosis. All patients with PK seen in Sant' Andrea Hospital, between January 2009 and December 2011, were collected. PK was clinically and microscopically diagnosed. All patients underwent only topical treatment with erythromycin 3% gel twice daily. At the beginning of the study and after 5 and 10 days of treatment, a clinical evaluation and a gravimetric measurement of plantar sweating were assessed. A total of 97 patients were diagnosed as PK and were included in the study. Gravimetric measurements showed that in 94 of 97 examined patients (96.90%) at the time of the diagnosis, there was a bilateral excessive sweating occurring specifically in the areas affected by PK. After 10 days of antibiotic therapy, hyperhidrosis regressed together with the clinical manifestations. According to these data, we hypothesize that hyperhidrosis is due to an eccrine sweat gland hyperfunction, probably secondary to bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intralesional steroid injection is a common and highly effective treatment procedure, which can be successfully used for several dermatologic, rheumatologic, and orthopedic disorders. However, it may be associated with various local side effects, such as pain, granulomatous reaction, allergic reactions, hypo or hyperpigmentation and, uncommonly, skin atrophy. A peculiar and rare side effect of steroid injection is linear hypopigmentation and atrophy, which is probably an expression of lymphatic spread of corticosteroid crystals. Here, we report a case of linear hypopigmentation and atrophy in a 26‐year‐old male patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune‐mediated reaction characterized by target lesions and with possible mucosal involvement. Its most frequent cause is HSV, with HSV‐1 more common than −2. It is usually self‐limited but it can show recurrences. We report a peculiar case of recurrent herpes‐associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) in a 35‐year‐old man. The patient was affected by both herpes labialis and genitalis, but the typical target lesions were only associated with recurrent herpes labialis. Here, we hypothesize about the pathogenic differences between HSV‐1 and HSV‐2, and discuss the therapeutic management of HAEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM; also called creeping eruption) is a cutaneous ectoparasitosis commonly observed in tropical countries. It is characterized by an erythematous, pruritic, and raised lesion with linear or serpiginous distribution, typically localized at the lower extremities. Oral ivermectin represents the most recommended current treatment, with important adverse effects associated. We report the clinical case of a 52‐year old with CLM, successfully treated with topical ivermectin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bromoderma is a rare skin disease caused by the ingestion, inhalation, or contact with products containing bromides. We report a case of bromoderma in a 36‐year‐old farmer, characterized by remission during the spring and exacerbation during the winter. The recognition of the use of products containing bromides during the winter helped us to understand the cause of the clinical condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is a rare, mostly indolent, endothelial neoplasm of low‐grade malignancy, often mimicking myoid and epithelioid tumors histologically. It is more frequent in young adult males and it usually presents with multiple cutaneous nodules, mostly localized at the extremities. It traverses several tissue planes simultaneously and can involve dermis, subcutis, skeletal muscle, and bone. Histologically, it is characterized by plump spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, often arranged in fascicles and epithelioid cells with "pseudomyogenic" morphology. Immunohistochemically, PMH is positive for Factor VIII, FLI‐1, INI‐1, vimentin, MDM2, CDK4, CD31, AE1/AE3, EMA, and P63. The efficacy of treatments is only partially known. Because of the frequent multifocal aspect of PMH, which contraindicates surgery, systemic treatments, such as gemcitabine, sirolimus, and everolimus are used. Based on our observation of multifocal PMH of the foot in a 17‐year‐old male patient, treated with gemcitabine with complete cutaneous response in a 2‐year follow‐up, we decided to discuss this rare tumor and underline its progression and therapeutic approaches. Thanks to a correct diagnosis, it is possible to avoid aggressive therapeutic approaches, which would be necessary for nonindolent diseases, such as sarcoma, which often needs amputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]