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Real‐time prediction about the severity of noncommunicable diseases like cancers is a boon for early diagnosis and timely cure. Optical techniques due to their minimally invasive nature provide better alternatives in this context than the conventional techniques. The present study talks about a standalone, field portable smartphone‐based device which can classify different grades of cervical cancer on the basis of the spectral differences captured in their intrinsic fluorescence spectra with the help of AI/ML technique. In this study, a total number of 75 patients and volunteers, from hospitals at different geographical locations of India, have been tested and classified with this device. A classification approach employing a hybrid mutual information long short‐term memory model has been applied to categorize various subject groups, resulting in an average accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of 96.56%, 96.76%, and 94.37%, respectively using 10‐fold cross‐validation. This exploratory study demonstrates the potential of combining smartphone‐based technology with fluorescence spectroscopy and artificial intelligence as a diagnostic screening approach which could enhance the detection and screening of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depth of the wetting front within a soil sample in infiltration measurements, especially in soils that develop cracks on drying, is difficult to ascertain simply and nondestructively. A technique was developed to determine wetting front locations on prepared soil beds, with a miniature penetrometer probe of the needle type, immediately following a simulated rainfall event. The method involves placing a 0.5-kg weight atop a miniature penetrometer probe and measuring the penetration depth of the probe relative to a known datum. Five texturally different soils were tested under similar laboratory conditions to evaluate this method. The penetrometer-based method provided accurate estimates of the wetting front position in laboratory simulated rainfall infiltration studies for clay, silty clay, and sandy clay soils that differed from visually observed depths by <1 mm. For the silt loam soils, however, this method underestimated mean wetting front depths by as much as 4 mm, with a standard deviation of 1.6 mm and 95% confidence limits of ±2.5 mm. The penetrometer method was especially useful for detailed characterization of wetting front depths in soils where wetting was highly variable or irregular (e.g., cracking clay soils). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial variation of the surface micro-relief in a Sharkey clay soil was investigated. The micro-relief measurements of the soil surface were obtained using an automated infrared laser system and evaluated with methods of Fourier analysis. The authors illustrate the spectral technique with a simple example and then use the technique to interpret the surface micro-relief patterns of soil samples subjected to three simulated rainstorm intensities. The periodicity of the soil surface micro-relief in the longitudinal direction was 80-120 mm. The periodic surface micro-relief patterns immediately following the rainstorm are shown to be an early manifestation of the cracking pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article a novel distributed amplifier configuration consisting of cascaded-transistor cells is presented. For a given transistor and total gate periphery (number of transistors) in the amplifier, the new configuration gives higher gain-bandwidth product than conventional distributed amplifiers. This fact is demonstrated through computer-aided simulations as well as experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic approach to the design of GaAs FET bandpass distributed amplifiers is presented for the first time. The graphical design procedures presented enable one to examine the trade-offs between the design variables and arrive at the appropriate design for a specified gain and bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hand-pass distributed amplifier design concept is presented. The amplifier can be realized in monolithic form using GaAs FETs. The amplifier has excellent widehand gain and phase response characteristics. It shows promise for applications in the millimeter wave region. In this paper the results of analytical modelling as well as computer simulations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Heaslet-Alksne technique solved the nonlinear diffusion equation by expansion around the wetting front for power law diffusivities. Essentially the same technique has been applied when a well-defined wetting front exists at a finite distance. In this paper, the method is extended for an arbitrary diffusivity and to the case when there is no well-defined wetting front at a finite distance. Two illustrations for exponential and power law diffusivities show the excellent accuracy of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop yields in rainfed areas are primarily dependent on the rainfall pattern and stored soil moisture. High smectite clay causes the formation of cracks, which are a striking feature of black Vertisols which are also distinguished by the presence of pot-holes. Soil water is recharged during the rainy season via these cracks, which also results in pot-hole formation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different conservation measures on pot-holes. Length, width and depth were measured during dry spells after the onset of the monsoon under various field treatments. The results indicate that uncultivated fields have a greater volume of pot-holes (573 m/ha) than cultivated ones due to unbroken gentle slopes, which would have caused silt-laden runoff to travel longer distances to form pot-holes. The results show that among the cultivated fields, a control plot had the maximum volume of pot-holes (450 m/ha), followed by a conservation bench terrace (CBT) (231 m/ha), residue incorporated (RI) fields (142 m/ha) and contour furrow areas (CF) (119 m/ha). The CBT field treatment had a higher volume of pot-holes despite a high percentage of micro-aggregates and high total porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]