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Designing and developing photosensitizers with cell membrane specificity is crucial for achieving effective multimodal therapy of tumors compared to other organelles. Here, we designed and screened a photosensitizer CM34 through donor/receptor regulation strategies, and it is able to achieve long‐retention cell membrane targeting. It is not only an extremely excellent cell membrane targeted tumor theranostic agent, but also found to be a promising potential immune activator. Specifically, CM34 with a larger intramolecular twist angle is more likely to form larger aggregates in aqueous solutions, and the introduction of cyanide group also enhances its interaction with cell membranes, which were key factors hindering molecular penetration of the cell membrane and prolonging its residence time on the cell membrane, providing conditions for further membrane targeted photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the efflux of contents caused by cell necrosis directly activates the immune response. In summary, this study realizes to clarify and refine all potential mechanisms of action through density functional theory calculations, photophysical property measurements, and cellular level mechanism exploration, providing a new direction for the clinical development of cell membrane targeted anti‐tumor immune activators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐2D perovskites show great promise for light‐emitting diodes owing to suppressed non‐radiative losses enabled by the energy funneling/cascading nanostructures. However, for red emission quasi‐2D perovskites, these ideal energy landscapes for efficient perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) can rarely be achieved due to detrimental aggregation of the low‐dimensional ligands in perovskite precursors, leading to poor device efficiency and stability. Here, a ligand‐modulated dimensionality control strategy is explored to achieve uniform phase distribution and reduce defect density for efficient light emission. In contrast to the model phenethylammonium iodide 2D ligand, the formation of small‐n phases can be inhibited by a structurally similar phenoxyethylammonium iodide ligand owing to the weakened aromatic stacking between ligands. Besides, the oxygen atoms can interact with the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions and promote the NI coordination in the perovskites, which greatly reduces the non‐radiative recombination defects in the ionic lattice. With this simple and effective approach, deep‐red quasi‐2D PeLEDs with record‐high external quantum efficiency of 21.6% and decent operational stability are achieved without the need for additional additives. These results highlight the potential of ligand‐modulated dimensionality control to achieve highly efficient and stable PeLEDs with a facile fabrication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing nanomedicines with low toxicity, high targeting, excellent therapeutic effects, and precise release is always the major challenges in clinical cancer treatment. Here, we report a light‐enhanced tandem‐responsive nano delivery platform COF‐B@X‐03 for amplified anti‐tumor efficiency. Biotin‐loaded COF‐B@X‐03 could precisely target tumor cells, and the azo and hydrazone bonds in it would be depolymerized by the overexpressed azoreductase and acidic microenvironment in hypoxic tumors. In vitro experimental results indicate mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by COF‐B@X‐03 under light is the direct cause of tumor cell death. In vivo experimental data prove COF‐B@X‐03 achieves low oxygen dependent phototherapy, and the maintenance of intratumoral hypoxia provides the possibility for the continuous degradation of COF‐B@X‐03 to generate more reactive oxygen species for tumor photodynamic therapy by released X‐03. In the end, COF‐B@X‐03 phototherapy group achieves higher tumor inhibition rate than X‐03 phototherapy group, which is 81.37 %. Meanwhile, COF‐B@X‐03 significantly eliminates the risk of tumor metastasis. In summary, the construction of this tandem‐responsive nano delivery platform provides a new direction for achieving efficient removal of solid tumors in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amphiphilic copolymers with cationic hydrophilic moieties and different ratios of hydrophobic portion to hydrophilic portion were designed and synthesized via the combination of hydrosilylation reactions and quaternization reactions. The structures were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The measurements of critical micelle concentrations, electrical conductivities and zeta potentials indicated that the copolymers could self-assemble into nanoparticles with charges around the surface in aqueous solution. The sizes of the micelles were between 67 nm and 104 nm detected by dynamic light scattering. The self-assembled micelles were used as drug carriers to encapsulate a model drug (tocopherol), and their drug-loading content ( DLC) and efficiency ( DLE) were determined by UV−visible spectra, resulting in considerable drug-loading capacity to a tocopherol maximum up to 17.2% ( DLC) and 80.3% ( DLE) with a size of 90 nm. The blank micelles and drug-loaded micelles displayed a spherical shape detected by transmission electron microscopy, which demonstrated not only the self-assembly behaviors but also the drug-loading performances of the cationic amphiphilic copolymers. All the results demonstrated that the cationic amphiphilic copolymers could be used as potential electric-responsive drug carriers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]