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Lysosomes are important cellular structures for human health as centers for recycling, signaling, metabolism and stress adaptation. However, the potential role of lysosomes in stress‐related emotions has long been overlooked. Here, it is found that lysosomal morphology in astrocytes is altered in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of susceptible mice after chronic social defeat stress. A screen of lysosome‐related genes revealed that the expression of the mucolipin 1 gene (Mcoln1; protein: mucolipin TRP channel 1) is decreased in susceptible mice and depressed patients. Astrocyte‐specific knockout of mucolipin TRP channel 1 (TRPML1) induced depressive‐like behaviors by inhibiting lysosomal exocytosis‐mediated adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) release. Furthermore, this stress response of astrocytic lysosomes is mediated by the transcription factor EB (TFEB), and overexpression of TRPML1 rescued depressive‐like behaviors induced by astrocyte‐specific knockout of TFEB. Collectively, these findings reveal a lysosomal stress‐sensing signaling pathway contributing to the development of depression and identify the lysosome as a potential target organelle for antidepressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously, lysosomes were primarily referred to as the digestive organelles and recycling centers within cells. Recent discoveries have expanded the lysosomal functional scope and revealed their critical roles in nutrient sensing, epigenetic regulation, plasma membrane repair, lipid transport, ion homeostasis, and cellular stress response. Lysosomal dysfunction is also found to be associated with aging and several diseases. Therefore, function of macroautophagy, a lysosome‐dependent intracellular degradation system, has been identified as one of the updated twelve hallmarks of aging. In this review, we begin by introducing the concept of lysosomal quality control (LQC), which is a cellular machinery that maintains the number, morphology, and function of lysosomes through different processes such as lysosomal biogenesis, reformation, fission, fusion, turnover, lysophagy, exocytosis, and membrane permeabilization and repair. Next, we summarize the results from studies reporting the association between LQC dysregulation and aging/various disorders. Subsequently, we explore the emerging therapeutic strategies that target distinct aspects of LQC for treating diseases and combatting aging. Lastly, we underscore the existing knowledge gap and propose potential avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling centers sort and process collected waste in the interest of the environment, but also lead to damaging climate effects via released emissions and pollutants in their operation. Consequently, governments are closing such centers to fulfill climate and carbon neutrality goals. However, such closures risk populations being forced to travel further to facilities that collect waste, and can cause an unfair burden on the remaining open centers, thereby reducing participation in recycling. Using a facility location optimization model and mobility survey data within the state of Bavaria in Germany, we show how selective closures of these centers can still lead to high levels of recycling access. Our analysis ensures that even when 20% of facilities are closed smartly, the median travel distance by residents to their assigned recycling center increases by only 450 m. Additionally, we find Bavaria suffers from disparity in recycling patterns in rural and urban regions, both in terms of motivation to recycle and the locations of the facilities. We promote a policy that favors retention of recycling centers in rural regions by reserving 75% of open facilities to be in rural areas, while selectively closing facilities in urban regions, to remove these regional differences. Success of recycling campaigns depends on public perception of closures of such facilities and also on their ease of access. As policymakers gradually implement further closures, such data‐driven strategies can assist in being more transparent to the public thereby increasing the willingness to participate in such recycling programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subduction zones serve as carbon recycling centers, where vast amassments of geologic carbon accrete or subduct through thermogenic gas windows over millions of years. We focus on New Zealand's Chatham Rise, a fossilized accretionary wedge remnant of the ∼400 Myr‐active East Gondwanan margin. We undertake an amplitude‐variation‐with‐offset (AVO)‐based seismic analysis of the abiogenic Mesozoic sedimentary sequence (MES) and overlying Sequence Y chalk interval, which span the Chatham Rise's northwestern slope. Two‐term AVO attribute analysis resulted in the interpretation of distinct AVO Class III–IV reflection anomalies, which demarcate the siliciclastic MES from overlying Sequence Y chalks. Unified through their strong negative intercept amplitudes, Class III anomalies increase in absolute amplitude with angle, while Class IV anomalies decrease in absolute amplitude with angle of incidence. Simultaneous AVO inversion of seismic data highlighted the presence of P‐impedance anomalies, which directly underlie the regionally occurring Sequence Y chalk interval. Class III anomalies are modeled and interpreted as the result of a previously undefined coarse‐grained lithofacies, bearing low saturations (2%–10%) of free gas. Co‐occurring ClassIV AVO anomalies are modeled to provide evidence for a fine‐grained upper MES, bearing similarly low saturations of free‐gas in pore space. We speculate on the gas' origin, which could be from the Hikurangi subduction margin, in situ ancient microbial activity, or a new undetermined source related to the ancient East Gondwanan subduction margin and accretionary wedge. Plain Language Summary: Active subduction zones (aka subduction margins) are globally occurring zones of geologic interest, defined by the subduction of one tectonic plate under another. Subduction margins host vast amassments of geologically bound carbon, which eventually subducts or accretes to the overriding plate. Carbon amassment and subsequent gaseous carbon‐escape (e.g., methane escape) from subduction zones into the Earth's exosphere necessitate an understanding of the dominant sources of gas generation within a subduction zone. Here, we present a seismic reflection‐based study of the northwestern Chatham Rise, which is a fossil remnant of the ancient East Gondwanan subduction zone. We provide seismic evidence for a previously undetected deep accumulation of carbon‐bearing free gas over a large area ∼50 km east of the active Hikurangi subduction margin. This gas appears trapped beneath a known sealing sediment layer consisting of chalk and mudstone, which is being subducted further to the west. We speculate on the locus of these gases and how they may be related to ancient East Gondwanan subduction or active Hikurangi subduction processes. Key Points: Amplitude versus offset analysis highlights a deep free‐gas accumulation on the northwestern Chatham Rise, east of the Hikurangi marginFree‐gas accumulation occurs within host strata, which are modeled to be spatially variable in lithologyFree‐gas is speculated to have multiple potential sources, from ancient microbial activity to beneath the ancient Gondwanan accretionary wedge [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to environmental and economic incentives, reverse supply chains have developed. In a reverse supply chain, due to the uncertainty of recycling, the probability of out‐of‐stock is high for recycled parts. In inventory management, transshipment and substitution are often used to avoid various consequences caused by stock shortages. This paper deals with a single‐echelon inventory system with two recycling centers and one supplier. Given demand characteristics, replenishment methods, and sharing rules, four inventory models: general strategy, lateral transshipment between the two recycling centers, substitution between recycling centers, and the supplier and the multi‐strategy are constructed. In the numerical example, Mathematica 11.3 is used to solve the models. Results show that lateral transshipment does not necessarily reduce the cost of recycling centers, while the substitution strategy and the multistrategy are better than the other two, among which the multistrategy is usually better than the substitution, unless the recycling center faces low replenishment rates with high demand rates. These conclusions can provide some management implications for recycling companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a procedure to automatically identify the product model by evaluating an image of the label is presented. First, object character recognition (OCR) extracts text from the product label. Second, to identify the product model, the extracted text is compared with unique model references in a database, giving access to other model‐specific information. For this comparison, a novel variation of the partial ratio matching algorithm was developed. The product‐model identification procedure is integrated into an interactive web application, which allows for model identification to be performed during preparation for reuse, repair, and recycling: The SmartRe application. Three datasets consisting of 466, 422, and 771 images of washing machine product labels were gathered in collaboration with a (1) professional repair company for consumer devices, (2) a nonprofit repair and reuse center that resells devices in second‐hand stores, and (3) a large recycling company. Results demonstrate that 96%, 91%, and 40% of the product models were correctly read from the product label with OCR, respectively. Of these recognized models, 51%, 88%, and 76% were successfully identified with the SmartRe application by comparing the extracted text with the model database. Further analysis also demonstrated that 72% of the washing machine models identified at the nonprofit repair and reuse center were also found at the recycling facility and that 12% of these models are predicted to be less than 10‐years‐old. This highlights the potential of the SmartRe application to assist in product triage for reuse at recycling centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas‐releasing/scavenging hydrogels have wide applications in biomedical and industrial fields. However, the covalently crosslinked nature of these existing materials makes them difficult to degrade or recycle, leading to a waste of raw materials and aggravating environmental pollution. Herein, a new class of pH‐responsive and recyclable hydrogels with versatile gas‐releasing and scavenging properties is reported, utilizing pH changes to reversibly control disassembly and reassembly of the hydrogel network. The initial hydrogels are constructed via the one‐pot radical polymerization and contain dynamic molecular networks based on hydrophobic interactions, which can disassemble when the materials are placed in low pH solutions. The disassembled copolymer chains can reform hydrogels, following supplementation with fresh mineral salts and micelle monomers in neutral solutions. Moreover, the mineral salts used to reform hydrogels can function as gas donors or scavengers, endowing these hydrogels with versatile gas‐releasing and consuming properties. Overall, this research provides a facile and environmentally friendly method to recycle hydrogels with gas‐releasing and gas‐scavenging properties, which have potential applications in diverse fields, including wound healing, wastewater management, and gas therapy for diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, due to growing development and competitiveness in global markets of products, companies are forced to make significant efforts for supply procurement, production, and goods distribution in order to survive in the market and be able to respond to their customers' needs as quickly and cost-efficiently as possible. In this regard, supply chain management is considered a crucial indicator. This study presents a multiobjective, multifacility, closed-loop supply chain under uncertain environments considering green supply chain aspects. The model is designed with multiple products, periods, plants, customer markets, collection centers, recycle centers, distribution centers, return facilities, product recovery facilities, and suppliers. After modeling the study, the model is solved by the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms (NSGA-II) in order to rank the optimum solutions. The efficiency of the research model is indicated by the results and depicted graphs in the present study. Results show that the exact value of the triple objective functions is calculated. Also, the problem is solved in small, medium, and large dimensions. Then, the accuracy of the proposed model compared to the metaheuristic method is shown. Finally, by performing sensitivity analysis, we showed that target functions are less sensitive to reducing the capacity of centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AB2020 established a deposit‐refund system in California, where consumers are reimbursed the California Redemption Value (CRV) upon recycling eligible containers at a recycling center. We study recycling under this policy, focusing on consumer convenience, reported recycling and diversion behavior, and responses to changes in the CRV amount. We find that consumers prefer nearby centers with flexible operating hours and short waiting times. While the CRV induces recycling, an increase in CRV would not lead to major recycling increases, given the limited number of containers entering trash streams. Finally, most diverted containers are taken from trash streams, not curbside recycling bins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide tactical and operational decisions in multidepot recycling logistics networks with consideration of resource sharing (RS) and time window assignment (TWA) strategies. The RS strategy contributes to efficient resource allocation and utilization among recycling centers (RCs). The TWA strategy involves assigning time windows to customers to enhance the operational efficiency of logistics networks. A biobjective mathematical model is established to minimize the total operating cost and number of vehicles for solving the multidepot recycling vehicle routing problem with RS and TWA (MRVRPRSTWA). A hybrid heuristic algorithm including 3D k-means clustering algorithm and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm- (NSGA-) II (NSGA-II) is designed. The 3D k-means clustering algorithm groups customers into clusters on the basis of their spatial and temporal distances to reduce the computational complexity in optimizing the multidepot logistics networks. In comparison with NSGA algorithm, the NSGA-II algorithm incorporates an elitist strategy, which can improve the computational speed and robustness. In this study, the performance of the NSGA-II algorithm is compared with the other two algorithms. Results show that the proposed algorithm is superior in solving MRVRPRSTWA. The proposed model and algorithm are applied to an empirical case study in Chongqing City, China, to test their applicability in real logistics operations. Four different scenarios regarding whether the RS and TWA strategies are included or not are developed to test the efficacy of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the RS and TWA strategies can optimize the recycling services and resource allocation and utilization and enhance the operational efficiency, thus promoting the sustainable development of the logistics industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doherty's findings map the vicious cycle of harms specific to neoliberal waste-management interventions and their broader enablement of authoritarian development agendas that vilify the urban poor. I Waste Worlds i : I Inhabiting Kampala's Infrastructures of Disposability i offers an expansive rendering of urban sanitation policies and problems in Kampala, Uganda. Doherty documents community cleanup exercises, the work of scrap traders and salvagers, and the routines of city trash collectors and private trash contractors. [Extracted from the article]

This study presents the crystal structure of a thiol variant of the human mitochondrial branched‐chain aminotransferase protein. Human branched‐chain aminotransferase (hBCAT) catalyzes the transamination of the branched‐chain amino acids leucine, valine and isoleucine and α‐ketoglutarate to their respective α‐keto acids and glutamate. hBCAT activity is regulated by a CXXC center located approximately 10 Å from the active site. This redox‐active center facilitates recycling between the reduced and oxidized states, representing hBCAT in its active and inactive forms, respectively. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the redox sensor (Cys315) results in a significant loss of activity, with no loss of activity reported on the mutation of the resolving cysteine (Cys318), which allows the reversible formation of a disulfide bond between Cys315 and Cys318. The crystal structure of the oxidized form of the C318A variant was used to better understand the contributions of the individual cysteines and their oxidation states. The structure reveals the modified CXXC center in a conformation similar to that in the oxidized wild type, supporting the notion that its regulatory mechanism depends on switching the Cys315 side chain between active and inactive conformations. Moreover, the structure reveals conformational differences in the N‐terminal and inter‐domain region that may correlate with the inactivated state of the CXXC center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This research analyzes the Green City project in the town of Três Coroas, Brazil. We describe its management system, evaluating the change process and the economic, social, and environmental benefits since the recycling center has been in service. We demonstrate a successful case of operational and cultural change in the disposal of industrial waste, describing the key points that helped the adoption of a new set of procedures, and illustrating the role of the champion in the implementation of a symbiotic cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research investigating heavy metal contamination from the recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) at a recycling center in Guiyu, Guangdong, Southeastern China. The team examined the recycling activities and its contribution to heavy metal pollution in the surrounding waterway system. Research methodology included the collection of surface water and sediment samples from the Lianjiang River and its tributaries. The samples were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals including lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd). A spatio-temporal relationship between heavy metals and level of contamination was also investigated. The concentrations were compared with China’s Environmental Quality Standard and found to be below allowable limits with the exception of Cd.

Despite serious waste management problems in Penang Island, a recycling campaign launched in 2001 has met with little success. This may be because the campaign was not backed up with knowledge about factors that motivate recycling. This article develops a simple economic framework to explain individual recycling behaviour. A logit model that utilizes survey data drawn from a sample of 760 respondents was used to test the insights gained from the framework. As predicted by the framework, recycling was negatively related to factors that increased the private costs of recycling, such as the lack of storage space and low income. Recycling increased among respondents who recognized its benefits: they include the environmentally conscious, those who were aware of the recycling campaign and respondents in the twenty-five to thirty-five year age category. Interestingly, neither gender nor distance to recycling centres were reliable predictors of recycling behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines both behavioral and attitudinal dimensions of public opposition to the siting of a recycling center using inperson surveys and observed measures of behavior. Significant differences between attitudes and behavior; Motivation behind behavioral opposition; Correlates of attitudinal response.

The article discusses how contracting out is being maximized in the waste recycling and processing services in New South Wales. It states that the Waste services is a structured system that aim to offer waste services to the community and at the same time, environmentally responsible at an affordable price. It mentions that the Waste Services adopt a policy of downsizing the workforce and containing the cost of disposal at a lower level by engaging the private sector through competitive tendering. The Waste Service is said to be contracting out the handling and transfer of recyclable materials at depots and stations. It also contracts out the building, plumbing as well as electrical repairs and maintenance of its plant and equipment.

The determinants of recycling in multi-family residences were investigated by administering a 50-item questionnaire to 230 residents of buildings where recycling collection systems had been installed. The level of tenant participation, defined by a composite index of self-reported usage, was positively associated with income, education, recycling motivation, and cleanliness of the recycling system. It was negatively associated with the number of different types of collection containers. At the aggregate level, participation varied considerably between the complexes. These differences were largely accounted for in terms of three system support variables, specified in terms of the "user friendliness" of the recycling system, its spatial location within the complex, and the degree to which the manager supported the program. Multiple regression analysis indicated that user friendliness and manager commitment together accounted for 85.3% of the variance in the aggregate participation index. These results suggested several experimental interventions designed to increase participation in multi-family recycling programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]