Search

Nanostructured silicon can reduce reflectance loss in optoelectronic applications, but intrinsic silicon cannot absorb photons with energy below its 1.1 eV bandgap. However, incorporating a high concentration of dopants, i.e., hyperdoping, to nanostructured silicon is expected to bring broadband absorption ranging from UV to short‐wavelength IR (SWIR, <2500 nm). In this work, we prepare nanostructured silicon using cryogenic plasma etching, which is then hyperdoped with selenium (Se) through ion implantation. Besides sub‐bandgap absorption, ion implantation forms crystal damage, which can be recovered through flash lamp annealing. We study crystal damage and broadband (250–2500 nm) absorption from planar and nanostructured surfaces. We first show that nanostructures survive ion implantation hyperdoping and flash lamp annealing under optimized conditions. Secondly, we demonstrate that nanostructured silicon has a 15% higher sub‐bandgap absorption (1100–2500 nm) compared to its non‐hyperdoped nanostructure counterpart while maintaining 97% above‐bandgap absorption (250–1100 nm). Lastly, we simulate the sub‐bandgap absorption of hyperdoped Si nanostructures in a 2D model using the finite element method. Simulation results show that the sub‐bandgap absorption is mainly limited by the thickness of the hyperdoped layer rather than the height of nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of three different pulse durations (100 fs, 1, and 10 ps) on the formation of laser hyperdoped black silicon with respect to surface morphology, sub‐bandgap absorptance, the sulfur concentration profile, and the effective minority carrier lifetime after Al2O3 surface passivation is investigated. The current flow behavior is compared through the hyperdoped layer by I–V measurements after hyperdoping with different pulse durations. For conditions that give the same absolute sub‐bandgap absorptance, an increase in pulse duration from 100 fs to 10 ps results in a shallower sulfur concentration profile. Findings are explained by an increasing ablation threshold from 0.19 J cm−2 for a pulse duration of 100 fs to 0.21 J cm−2 for 1 ps and 0.34 J cm−2 for 10 ps. The formation of an equally absorbing layer with a shallower doping profile results in a reduction in contact and/or sheet resistance. Despite the higher local sulfur concentration, the samples show no decrease in carrier lifetime measured by quasi‐steady‐state photoconductance decay on Al2O3 surface‐passivated samples. The investigation shows that longer pulses of up to 10 ps during laser hyperdoping of silicon result in advanced layer properties that promise to be beneficial in a potential device application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cats in Iran are definitive hosts for several zoonotic intestinal helminths, such as Toxocara cati, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris leonina, Physaloptera praeputialis and Diplopylidium nolleri. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth infection in free‐roaming cats in southeast Iran, a region with a high free‐roaming cat population. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2021, 153 cadavers of free‐roaming cats from Southeast Iran were necropsied for intestinal helminth infections. The carcasses were dissected, and the digestive systems were removed. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine, caecum and colon were tightly ligated. All adult helminths were collected, preserved and identified. Results: The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections was 80.39% (123/153). Of the cats from Kerman, 73% (73/100) were infected with at least one helminth, including D. caninum 70% (70/100), T. leonina 8% (8/100) and P. praeputialis 17% (17/100). Concurrent infection with two helminth species was found in 16% (16/100) and of three species infections was found in 3% (3/100) of the cats. Of the cats from Zabol, 94.33% (50/53) were infected with at least one of the helminths, including D. caninum 69.81% (37/53), T. leonina 11.32% (6/53), P. praeputialis 37.73% (20/53) and T. cati 5.66% (3/53). Concurrent infection with two helminth species was found in 28.3% (15/53), and three species were found in 1.88% (1/53) of the cats. Helminth infections were more prevalent in older cats. There was no association between sex and infection rate. Conclusion: Based on the very high prevalence of zoonotic intestinal helminth infections in free‐roaming cats in southeast Iran, the potential public health risk emphasizes the need for intersectoral collaboration, particularly the provision of health and hygiene education to high‐risk populations, such as pre‐school and school‐age children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation, a type of the body's defense against injury or infection, causes many chronic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, discovering natural compounds with numerous biological activities for the management of inflammation is highly recommended. Out of natural compounds, peppermint and its main component, menthol, has been suggested to possess antiinflammatory potential. Four databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched to identify articles about peppermint and its antiinflammatory effects up to March 2023. Out of 3805 records screened, 14 articles met the study criteria. The evidence reviewed here proposed peppermint as an antiinflammatory agent. Peppermint may suppress inflammation by activating the AMP‐activated protein kinase/unc‐51 like kinase 1/nuclear factor‐E2 associated factor 2 autophagy pathway, downregulating extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinases pathways, attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide, and inducing the production of antiinflammatory prostaglandins. Due to the promising antiinflammatory effects of peppermint and the lack of human studies in this regard, future randomized clinical trials examining the effects of peppermint on inflammation and its related maladies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the blast furnace process is the dominant ironmaking route to supply the feedstocks for steelmaking, a number of alternative ironmaking technologies such as the direct reduction process have grown rapidly in recent decades. This development is largely in response to the increasingly stringent emission control policies, rising costs of energy, and the increasing costs and environmental effects of coke usage. In direct reduction processes, iron oxides are reduced to iron at a temperature below its melting point. More than 79% of direct reduced iron is produced by Midrex and Energiron, both of which use gas‐based shaft furnaces. A proper understanding of these processes is required to improve the performance and operation of the plants based on them. Therefore, herein, it is aimed to provide a comprehensive review of research that is carried out over the last several decades to examine the effects of the important phenomena on the performance of the gas‐based shaft furnaces. The review is divided into experimental and mathematical investigations. The main features, limitations, and shortcomings of each study are discussed. Finally, the review concludes with current knowledge gaps and suggestions for further research in this thriving sector of the steel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and has a 5‐year survival rate of ~20%. Immunotherapies have shown promising results leading to durable responses, however, they are only effective for a subset of patients. To determine the best therapeutic approach, a thorough and in‐depth profiling of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is required. The TME is a complex network of cell types that form an interconnected network, promoting tumour cell initiation, growth and dissemination. The stroma, immune cells and endothelial cells that comprise the TME generate a plethora of cytotoxic or cytoprotective signalling pathways. In this review, we discuss immunotherapeutic targets in NSCLC tumours and how the TME may influence patients' response to immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Burnout occurs frequently in emergency medicine (EM) residents and has been shown to have a negative impact on patient care. The specific effects of burnout on patient care are less well understood. This study qualitatively explores how burnout may change the way EM residents provide patient care. Methods: Qualitative data were obtained from a sample of 29 EM residents in four semistructured focus groups across four institutions in the United States in early 2019. Transcripts were coded and organized into major patient care themes. Results: Residents described many ways in which feelings of burnout negatively impacted patient care. These detrimental effects most often fit into one of four main themes: reduced motivation to care for patients, poor communication with patients, difficult interactions with health care colleagues, and impaired decision making. Conclusions: According to EM residents, burnout negatively impacts several important aspects of patient care. Resident engagement with clinical care, communication with patients and colleagues, and clinical care may suffer as a result of burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External intervention can make quasi‐mechanical movements in enzyme‐free DNA nanomachine, suggesting the promise of developing novel biosensing systems. The superiority of the "signal‐on" strategies inspired researchers to fabricate sensitive and selective biosensors by combining the advantages of chemical amplification methods with DNA nanomachines. Herein, a smart enzyme‐free DNA nanomachine for biomolecule detection has been developed using DNA walker strategy, Click Chemistry, and electrochemically mediated surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. When the target biomarker is present, DNA walker (DW) could be unleashed which drives walking on the surface of the DNA‐coated Fe3O4/GCE. Then, this DW hybridized with Azide‐labeled DNA probe1 (H1) and subsequently substituted by DNA probe2 (H2) through walking process. Therefore, the loop of H1 was unlocked to form Azide group available at 3' end. This procedure is repeated so that each released DW can open multiplex H1 strands, resulted in amplification of the signal. After successive walking, "Click reactions" carried out between Azide and 3‐Butynyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate for initiating the radical polymerization reaction, which brought a great quantity of the electroactive labels on the electrode surface. The number of labels was quantified by square wave voltammetry which was proportional to the target biomarker concentration. In addition, this electroanalytical devicewas applied successfully for direct determination of biomolecules in real serum, and also showed wide dynamic range, excellent detection limit, storage stability and reproducibility. Thus, the proposed biosensor could be effectually utilized in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a heterogeneous group of tumors. While significant progress has been made using multimodal treatment, the 5‐year survival remains at 50%. Developing effective therapies, such as immunotherapy, will likely lead to better treatment of primary and metastatic disease. However, not all HNSCC tumors respond to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Understanding the complex cellular composition and interactions of the tumor microenvironment is likely to lead to new knowledge for effective therapies and treatment resistance. In this review, we discuss HNSCC characteristics, predictive biomarkers, factors influencing immunotherapy response, with a focus on the tumor microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This 8‐year (from 2008 to 2016) retrospective study calculated the percentage of carcass and organ (lung and liver) condemnations and estimated the direct financial costs at four slaughterhouses in Sistan‐Baluchestan Province, Southeastern Iran. Each carcass and organ (lung and liver) was thoroughly examined through inspection, palpation and incision following the standard protocol. Identification of the parasites was performed macroscopically. The total direct economic loss due to meat's condemnation was estimated by adding weights of each organ or carcass part and multiplying individual organ totals by their 2016 market unit price. A total of 857,039 cattle were slaughtered during this period, 64,497 livers (7.5%), 31,401 lungs (3.6%) and the carcasses of 1,171 cattle (0.1%) were condemned due to lesions caused by parasites. The main parasitic lesions in the condemned livers were attributed to Echinococcus granulosus (4.2%), Fasciola spp. (3.1%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.1%). All the condemned lungs were due to E. granulosus (3.6%). Taenia saginata cysticerci were detected in 0.1% of inspected animals. Liver condemnation due to cystic echinococcosis was the highest in fall (4.7%, p < 0.001); while lung condemnation was the highest during spring (3.98%, p < 0.001). Liver condemnation due to Fasciola spp. was the lowest in winter (2.99%, p < 0.001). Carcass condemnation as a result of cysticercosis was the highest in summer (p < 0.001). Considering the 2016 market prices, condemnations due to the studied parasites caused direct costs estimated U.S. $ 3,191,879. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report estimating the monetary losses due to parasitic infections in the slaughterhouses of this province. Due to the high financial impact of the studied parasites, a control programme should be implemented to decrease this impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Iran has an human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) epidemic that is concentrated among people who inject drugs (PWID), who have higher risks of progression from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active disease. The aim of this study is to measure prevalence of LTBI, HIV infection and any risk behaviors among PWID in Iran.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2013 in six cities across Iran. A total of 420 PWID were recruited from drop-in centres using convenience sampling. Trained interviewers collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, drug use history and drug-related risk behaviors across the study sites. A tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed, and HIV infection was assessed by a rapid test. Multivariable modified Poisson regression and logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: Prevalence of positive TST and HIV positivity was 35.7% and 8.6%, respectively. The prevalence of LTBI and HIV was significantly different across the cities of this study. Positive TST was independently associated with older age (APR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01, 1.05) and being HIV positive (APR 1.89, 95% CI 1.45, 2.47). HIV infection was associated with lifetime history of sharing syringes (AOR 3.28, 95% CI 1.44, 10.71) and lifetime number of imprisonment (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.14).Discussion and Conclusions: Prevalence of LTBI infections among PWID is high and independently associated with HIV infection. Given that there are currently no TB services available within drop-in centres, programs which integrate TB case finding, TB preventive therapy, referral and care services for PWID are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the clinical and serologic manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in ethnic groups of the US.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 648 patients with primary SS: 20 African American (AA), 164 American Indian (AI), 426 European American (EA), and 38 patients of other races evaluated in a multidisciplinary Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance research clinic.Results: AA subjects comprised 3.1% of the SS cohort, much lower than the percentage of AA in the state of Oklahoma (P = 3.01 × E - 05), the US (P = 2.24E - 13), or a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort at the same institution (P = 4.26 × 10E - 27). In contrast, the percentage of AI in the SS cohort (25.3%) was much higher than expected (P = 3.17E - 09 versus SLE cohort, P = 6.36 - 26 versus Oklahoma, and P = 8.14E - 96 versus US population). The SS classification criteria were similar between AA and EA, but subjects of AI ancestry had lower rates of abnormal tear and salivary flow, as well as anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies. Paradoxically, AI had higher levels of disease activity (mean ± SD European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index score 3.77 ± 4.78) in comparison to EA (2.90 ± 4.12; P = 0.011) and more extraglandular manifestations affecting mainly the articular and glandular domains. Meanwhile, AA patients were characterized by higher rates of hypergammaglobulinemia (odds ratio [OR] 1.39 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.39-8.65]; P = 0.01), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR 3.95 [95% CI 1.46-9.95]; P = 0.009), and parotid enlargement (OR 4.40 [95% CI 1.49-13.07]; P = 0.02).Conclusion: AI are affected at high rates with SS but present with few classical features, potentially preventing timely diagnosis. In contrast to SLE, SS is infrequent and not more severe among AA, but the triad of hypergammaglobulinemia, increased ESR, and parotid enlargement warrants extra vigilance for lymphomagenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient Fe3O4@VitB1–Ag(I) magnetic catalyst has been obtained using surface modification of Fe3O4. To this end, silver chloride was immobilized on Fe3O4 nanoparticles via vitamin B1 biomolecules. The synthesized biocompatible magnetic catalyst was applied in an A3‐coupling reaction in the presence of aldehyde, amine and phenyl acetylene under solvent‐free conditions and afforded the desired products in excellent yields. Also, interactions between metal and ligand in the Fe3O4@VitB1–Ag(I) were studied using theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds and aims: Iran has 2.1 and 1.8% of its 15–64‐year‐old population living with illicit substance and opioid use disorders, respectively. To address these problems, Iran has been developing a large and multi‐modality addiction treatment system, spanning the time before and after the Islamic Revolution. Methods: Iran's current drug treatment scene is a combination of services, ranging from medical/harm reduction services to punitive/criminal justice programs. Included in this array of services are drop‐in centers providing low‐threshold harm reduction services, such as distribution of sterile needles and syringes; opioid maintenance treatment clinics providing methadone, buprenorphine and opium tincture; and abstinence‐based residential centers. We will review the evolution of this system in four phases. Results: In 1980, Iran's revolutionary government shut down all voluntary treatment programs and replaced them with residential correctional programs. The first shift in the addiction treatment policies came 15 years later after facing the negative consequences. Addiction is viewed as a disease, and new voluntary treatment centers offering non‐agonist medications and psychosocial services were established. With an increased number of people who inject drugs and HIV/AIDS epidemics, in the second shift an extensive move towards harm reduction strategies and opioid‐maintenance programs has been implemented to reduce HIV‐related high‐risk behavior. The emergence of a methamphetamine use crisis creating an increased number of socially marginalized addicted people resulted in public and political demands for stricter policies and ended in the third shift starting in 2010, with extended compulsory court‐based residential programs. Currently, there is a new shift towards reducing the severity of criminal penalties for drug use/sales and promoting proposals for opium legalization. Conclusion: Iran's evolutionary experience in developing a large addiction treatment program in a complex combination of medical/harm reduction and punitive/criminal justice addiction treatment can be examined in its political, clinical and pragmatic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An oscillator scheme based on the degenerate band edge (DBE) in a periodic, double‐ladder resonant circuit made of lumped elements is proposed for the first time. The circuit exhibits a DBE in the dispersion diagram of its phase‐frequency eigenstates and possesses unique resonance features associated with a high loaded Q‐factor resonance, compared to a single‐ladder circuit. This oscillator is shown to have an oscillation threshold that is half that of a single LC ladder circuit having the same total quality factor, and thus is more robust than an LC oscillator in the presence of losses. Moreover, the double‐ladder oscillators have a unique mode selection scheme that leads to stable single‐frequency oscillations even when the load is varied. It is also shown that the output amplitude of the double‐ladder oscillator is much less sensitive to the output loading compared to single‐ladder oscillators. The authors show the analysis and design of such oscillators that potentially lead to enhancing the efficiency of RF components and sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the performance and reproducibility of the two currently used ocular surface staining scores in the assessment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren syndrome (SS) research classification. Methods: In a multidisciplinary clinic for the evaluation of sicca, we performed all tests for the American European Consensus Group (AECG) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria, including the van Bijsterveld score (vBS) and the Ocular Staining Score (OSS), in 994 participants with SS or with non‐SS sicca. We analyzed the concordance between the scores, the diagnostic accuracy and correlation with clinical variables, and interrater and intrasubject reproducibility. Results: A total of 308 (31.1%) participants had a discordant vBS and OSS that was due to extra corneal staining points in the OSS. The presence of one or more of the additional points was highly predictive of SS classification (odds ratio = 3.66; P = 1.65 × 10e‐20) and was associated with abnormal results of all measures of autoimmunity and glandular dysfunction. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed optimal cutoff values of four for the vBS (sensitivity = 0.62; specificity = 0.71; Youden's J = 0.33) and five for the OSS (sensitivity = 0.56; specificity = 0.75; Youden's J = 0.31). Notably, there was very poor consistency in interobserver mean scores and distributions (P < 0.0001) and in intrasubject scores after a median of 5.5 years (35% changed status of the ocular criterion). Conclusion: Ocular surface staining scores are useful for SS research classification; however, they are subject to significant interrater and intrasubject variability, which could result in changes in classification in 5%‐10% of all subjects. These results highlight the need for objective and reproducible markers of disease that have thus far remained elusive for SS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation behavior of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is important for its application as a biomaterial. In this work, the influence of nano‐hydroxyapatite (nano‐HA) on the degradation behavior of PLGA matrix was studied. PLGA‐based in situ forming system containing nano‐HA was prepared using the immersion precipitation method and the polymer hydrolysis was investigated in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C. The pH values in the testing medium were evaluated to quantify the degradation process. Gel permeation chromatography and scanning electron microscopy techniques were employed to monitor changing of the weight‐average molecular weight (MW) and the body structures of PLGA matrices, respectively. To model the MW changes, a first‐order degradation model was employed. The formed PLGA matrices had different porosities that effected water penetration into the matrices following the hydrolysis process. The obtained degradation rate constant using a mathematical model for PLGA matrices with different nano‐HA content was about from 2.5 to 4.5 times lower than neat PLGA matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1028–1035, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processes as one of the valuable knowledge resources can create sustainable competitive advantages in organizations. There is a large number of processes in organizations. They generate a high volume of process data that leads to the high‐dimensionality problems, complex relationships, dynamic changes, and difficulties in the understanding of the process by human resources. Traditional process improvement methodologies have weaknesses in environment with the large number of processes. Data mining techniques can support process improvement in this environment. They can recommend the improvement suggestions through extracting valuable patterns from a high volume of the process dataset. Recently, knowledge‐intensive processes have been increasingly concentrated in the field of process improvement. These types of processes can induce a competitive behavior over the other processes. The main problem is the improvement of competitive and knowledge‐intensive processes in a high volume of process dataset. The main purpose of this paper is to present a model to identify the behavior of competitive and knowledge‐intensive processes and recommend improvement suggestions. For this purpose, data mining techniques are applied to extract valuable patterns hidden in a high volume of process dataset. In this regard, K‐means clustering and C5 classification algorithms are applied to extract valuable patterns. A real process dataset was used to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the model. The results confirmed that the proposed model can apply data mining techniques to support competitive and knowledge‐intensive process improvement in a high volume of process dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the authors prepared a novel magnetic photocatalyst by grafting of Preyssler-type polyoxometalate, H14 [NaP5 W30 O110] onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles via an internal layer of silver nanoparticles. The obtained nanocomposite has been characterised by electron dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The activity of the synthesised nanomagnetic photocatalyst was tested by the photocatalytic decolourisation of rhodamine B under UV light irradiation in the study's designed reactor. It was found that, compared to pure Preyssler, decolourisation of rhodamine B was occurred four times faster using the synthesised magnetic nanocomposite with easy separation. The magnetic nanocatalyst was separated after ending the reaction and recycled. It just showed 2-3% decrease in catalytic activity after four recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper represents immobilization of sucrose on the Fe3O4 core and grafting of boron trifluoride (BF3) onto the new surface. The catalytic activity of these nanoparticles was tested in syntheses of Dihydroquinazolinones (DHQZs) and Bis (3‐Indolyl) Methanes (BIMs) as two fruitful pharmaceutical structures. Acidic capacity, FT‐IR, XRD, VSM, TGA and SEM–EDX tests are carried out on such novel nanoparticles (NPs). Catalyst has shown more acidic capacity per one gram of NPs than sulfonated homologue which was reported previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To better understand the role of B cells, the potential mechanisms responsible for their aberrant activation, and the production of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), this study explored patterns of selection pressure and sites of N‐glycosylation acquired by somatic mutation (acN‐glyc) in the IgG variable (V) regions of antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) isolated from the minor salivary glands of patients with SS and non‐SS control patients with sicca symptoms. Methods: A novel method to produce and characterize recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAb) from single cell–sorted ASC infiltrates was applied to concurrently probe expressed genes (all heavy‐ and light‐chain isotypes as well as any other gene of interest not related to immunoglobulin) in the labial salivary glands of patients with SS and non‐SS controls. V regions were amplified by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analyzed for the incidence of N‐glycosylation and selection pressure. For specificity testing, the amplified regions were expressed as either the native mAb or mutant mAb lacking the acN‐glyc motif. Protein modeling was used to demonstrate how even an acN‐glyc site outside of the complementarity‐determining region could participate in, or inhibit, antigen binding. Results: V‐region sequence analyses revealed clonal expansions and evidence of secondary light‐chain editing and allelic inclusion, of which neither of the latter two have previously been reported in patients with SS. Increased frequencies of acN‐glyc were found in the sequences from patients with SS, and these acN‐glyc regions were associated with an increased number of replacement mutations and lowered selection pressure. A clonal set of polyreactive mAb with differential framework region 1 acN‐glyc motifs was also identified, and removal of the acN‐glyc could nearly abolish binding to autoantigens. Conclusion: These findings support the notion of an alternative mechanism for the selection and proliferation of some autoreactive B cells, involving V‐region N‐glycosylation, in patients with SS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Sjögren's syndrome ( SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) are related by clinical and serologic manifestations as well as genetic risks. Both diseases are more commonly found in women than in men, at a ratio of ~10 to 1. Common X chromosome aneuploidies, 47, XXY and 47, XXX, are enriched among men and women, respectively, in either disease, suggesting a dose effect on the X chromosome. Methods We examined cohorts of SS and SLE patients by constructing intensity plots of X chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles, along with determining the karyotype of selected patients. Results Among ~2,500 women with SLE, we found 3 patients with a triple mosaic, consisting of 45,X/46, XX/47, XXX. Among ~2,100 women with SS, 1 patient had 45,X/46, XX/47, XXX, with a triplication of the distal p arm of the X chromosome in the 47, XXX cells. Neither the triple mosaic nor the partial triplication was found among the controls. In another SS cohort, we found a mother/daughter pair with partial triplication of this same region of the X chromosome. The triple mosaic occurs in ~1 in 25,000-50,000 live female births, while partial triplications are even rarer. Conclusion Very rare X chromosome abnormalities are present among patients with either SS or SLE and may inform the location of a gene(s) that mediates an X dose effect, as well as critical cell types in which such an effect is operative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green, benign, heterogeneous, superparamagnetic catalyst (Glu.@Fe3O4) was synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The prepared catalyst was used to achieve a high-efficiency, low-cost, eco-friendly and easy-to-handle protocol for synthesizing substituted pyrazole derivatives from aldehydes, malononitrile and phenylhydrazine. The catalyst was also used in chromene synthesis. Glucose coated on magnetic nanoparticles provided excellent catalytic activity. The catalyst could be recycled for up to four runs without significant loss in catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral mucositis (OM) as a complication of high-dose chemotherapy is frequently occurred in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) settings. Erythropoietin (EPO) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound-healing properties and therefore could have an important role in the prevention of OM. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the EPO mouthwash effect on OM incidence and severity in 80 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin disease (HD) or multiple myeloma, undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients received either EPO mouthwash (50 IU/ml, 15 ml four times a day) (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) from the starting day of high-dose chemotherapy until day +14 after transplantation or until the day of discharge from the hospital, whichever occurred first. OM was evaluated daily for 21 days after transplantation or until resolution of OM according to World Health Organization oral toxicity scale. The incidence of OM (grades 1-4) in the EPO mouthwash group and control group was significantly different (27.5% vs 77.5%, p < 0.001). The mean ± SD of two other parameters of OM including maximum intensity OM score (0.60 ± 1.06 vs 1.67 ± 1.27) and average intensity OM score (0.47 ± 0.80 vs 1.28 ± 0.86) was significantly lower in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean ± SD duration of OM was also significantly shorter among the EPO mouthwash recipients (1.92 ± 3.42 days vs 5.42 ± 3.86 days, P < 0.001). Also, the duration of neutropenic fever was significantly shorter in the intervention group (2.12 ± 2.42 days vs 3.95 ± 4.01 days, p = 0.016). It is concluded that EPO mouthwash can reduce the incidence and duration of OM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evaluation of the effect of supportive expressive discussion groups on loneliness, hope and quality of life in breast cancer survivors.Methods: A randomized control trial including breast cancer patients who had completed chemotherapy and randomly allocated into two groups: intervention (n = 41) and control (n = 40). The intervention consisted of twelve weekly 90-min sessions for groups of six to eight breast cancer survivors. Data were obtained pre-to -post the intervention and at 8-week follow-up. The data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The findings revealed a significant reduction in loneliness scores (F = 69.85, p < 0.001), promotion in total hope (F = 20.8, p < 0.05) and enhancement in quality of life from pre- to post-intervention, and then over the 8-week follow-up period in the intervention group, while scores of control participants did not show this pattern during the study. The strongest effects were found for global quality of life (effect size) = 0.59), for future perspectives (effect size = 0.51), emotional functioning (effect size = 0.35) and social functioning (effect size = 0.31).Conclusion: The intervention was effective on loneliness, hope and quality of life in the intervention group. The intervention needs further evaluation in a larger study and with other cancer types. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective More than 80% of autoimmune disease predominantly affects females, but the mechanism for this female bias is poorly understood. We suspected that an X chromosome dose effect accounts for this, and we undertook this study to test our hypothesis that trisomy X (47,XXX; occurring in ∼1 in 1,000 live female births) would be increased in patients with female-predominant diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], primary Sjögren's syndrome [SS], primary biliary cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) compared to patients with diseases without female predominance (sarcoidosis) and compared to controls. Methods All subjects in this study were female. We identified subjects with 47,XXX using aggregate data from single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and, when possible, we confirmed the presence of 47,XXX using fluorescence in situ hybridization or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results We found 47,XXX in 7 of 2,826 SLE patients and in 3 of 1,033 SS patients, but in only 2 of 7,074 controls (odds ratio in the SLE and primary SS groups 8.78 [95% confidence interval 1.67-86.79], P = 0.003 and odds ratio 10.29 [95% confidence interval 1.18-123.47], P = 0.02, respectively). One in 404 women with SLE and 1 in 344 women with SS had 47,XXX. There was an excess of 47,XXX among SLE and SS patients. Conclusion The estimated prevalence of SLE and SS in women with 47,XXX was ∼2.5 and ∼2.9 times higher, respectively, than that in women with 46,XX and ∼25 and ∼41 times higher, respectively, than that in men with 46,XY. No statistically significant increase of 47,XXX was observed in other female-biased diseases (primary biliary cirrhosis or RA), supporting the idea of multiple pathways to sex bias in autoimmunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Autoantibodies reactive with Ro52 (tripartite motif−containing protein 21 [TRIM21]) are detected in 70% of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). TRIM21 belongs to a 34-member C-IV family of TRIM proteins. Although autoantibodies against other TRIM proteins within the C-IV family have been detected in the sera of patients with primary SS, their clinical relevance remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the frequency of anti-TRIM38 in patients with primary SS and evaluate its association with various clinical measures of the disease. Methods Serum samples from patients with primary SS (n = 235) and controls (n = 50) were analyzed for reactivity with in vitro−transcribed and −translated 35S-methionine−labeled TRIM38 protein. The associations of anti-TRIM38 with various laboratory and clinical measures of primary SS were evaluated. Reactivity of anti-TRIM38 with different structural domains of TRIM38 was analyzed. Affinity-purified anti-TRIM38 antibodies were used to immunoprecipitate TRIM21. Results TRIM38-reactive autoantibodies were detected in the sera of 24 of the 235 patients with primary SS and 2 of the 50 controls. Anti-TRIM38 positivity was significantly associated with the presence of anti-Ro60, anti-Ro52, anti-La, rheumatoid factor, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Clinically, anti-TRIM38 was associated with significantly higher ocular surface staining scores, lower Schirmer's test scores, and minor labial salivary gland biopsy focus scores of ≥3.0. Anti-TRIM38 antibodies mainly recognized the cortactin-binding protein 2 (CortBP-2; amino acids 128-238) and the B30.2/SPRY (amino acids 268-465) domains on TRIM38. Affinity-purified antibodies to TRIM38-CortBP-2 and TRIM38-B30.2/SPRY domains reacted with TRIM21. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that anti-TRIM38 specificity arising in a subset of patients with primary SS is associated with increased severity of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dear Editor, Two messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines were authorized for emergency use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the end of 2020.1 Immunization is a significant milestone in fighting this pandemic; however, safety regarding special populations has yet to be determined. For the COVID-19 vaccine, it is speculated that regardless of the type of vaccine, systemic corticosteroids have "no or minimal risk" in patients' immune response.4 It is important for healthcare providers and patients to be aware that the COVID-19 vaccine can potentially precipitate or exacerbate cutaneous inflammation. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis flare following the COVID-19 vaccine. [Extracted from the article]

Dynamic voltage scaling is one of the most popular methods used to reduce energy consumption in today's digital electronic systems. However, addressing process, voltage and temperature variations at subthreshold voltages has become an inevitable procedure. Using a variation-sensitive and ultra low-power design, this paper proposed a novel technique capable of sensing and responding to process, voltage and temperature variations as well as dynamic voltage scaling by providing an appropriate forward body bias so that energy-delay product of the whole system was improved. Theoretical analysis for process variation probability, confirmed by post-layout HSPICE (Synopsys, Inc., Mountain View, CA) simulations for an 8-bit pipelined Kogge-Stone adder, showed that the circuit performance was enhanced in severe variations and extreme voltage scaling situation. For this adder, for example, assuming a voltage scaling from 0.8 to 0.3 V and temperature changes of −15 to 75 °C, the proposed technique brought about a seven times less delay variation, whereas energy-delay product improved by 23% compared with a zero body biased adder. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and safety of two glycemic control regimens in stable critical care patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). DESIGN Prospective, randomized open-label clinical trial. METHODS Eligible postoperative critical care patients in the ICU began PN on the first to the seventh day of ICU admission. The PN admixture included regular insulin, in doses sufficient to maintain 3 or more goal blood glucose (BG) levels between 110 and 180 mg/dl. After 3 to 5 days of PN containing regular insulin, patients were randomized to 3 more days of regular insulin at the same dose or 80% of their total daily regular insulin dose provided in PN solution as glargine insulin. Capillary BG monitoring was performed every 6 hours. RESULTS Twenty one patients were randomized to each treatment group. Median APACHE II scores were not significantly different between the two groups within the first 24-hour of ICU admission. There were no significant differences between the two groups at day 3 for mean daily dextrose (306.9 ± 46.2 vs. 305.2 ± 52.2 g; p=0.913) or insulin (18.3 ± 8.8 vs. 19.5 ± 10.0 units; p=0.696) doses. The percentage of BG values in the goal (110-180 mg/dl), hyperglycemic (> 180 mg/dl), and hypoglycemic (< 70 mg/ dl) BG levels were similar between the two groups (69.0% vs. 66.7%, p=0.567; 11.9% vs. 11.1%, p=0.780; 0% vs. 1.6%, p=0.124, respectively). Mean daily BG levels were not significantly different between the two groups on each of the 3 study days (day 1: 140 ± 20 vs. 131 ± 25 mg/dl, p=0.194; day 2: 136 ± 20 vs. 140 ± 18 mg/dl, p=0.498; day 3: 142 ± 15 vs. 140 ± 19 mg/dl; p=0.741). CONCLUSION These data suggest that, compared with regular insulin added to PN, glargine insulin results in similar glycemic control and rates of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in stable critical care patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Type - Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has replaced open pyeloplasty as the new standard of care and we, among others, have even proven its applicability to redo surgery. The focus is now on limiting morbidity. One technical modification to this end is transmesocolic (TM) exposure of the PUJ. This randomized study pinpoints the objective benefits of TM exposure of the PUJ compared with standard colon reflection, and its results showed a 23% conservation in operating time. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of colon-reflecting (CR) and transmesocolic (TM) laparoscopic pyeloplasty approaches in a prospective randomized non-selective setting., PATIENTS AND METHODS Excluding only those patients with a history of abdominal surgery, all consenting patients scheduled for laparoscopic pyeloplasty of left-sided pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction between December 2004 and November 2007 were randomized into one of two groups: laparoscopic pyeloplasty using the standard CR approach or laparoscopic pyeloplasty through the TM aperture., All patients underwent dismembered repair by a single expert and were followed by diuretic renogram and urography at 4 months postoperatively and by annual diuretic renogram thereafter., Four discrete task phases were timed for comparison: trochar to PUJ, dismembering and spatulation, stenting and anastomosis., RESULTS Sixty-four patients were randomized into two groups, TM or CR, with 32 patients in each., The groups were similar, with no significant difference in sex, age, initial renal function or body mass index. Forty-seven patients were ≤15 years old., The mean ( sd) operating time was 23% shorter in the TM group, owing mostly to the much shorter trochar to PUJ phase (5.0 [3.2] min in the TM group vs 35.8 [10.3] in the CR group; P < 0.001). The mean hospitalization time was shorter in the TM group than in the CR group (2.9 vs 3.6 days; P < 0.001)., Thirty-one of 32 patients in each group (96.9%) achieved a durable cure., CONCLUSION Transmesocolic exposure of left-sided PUJ obstruction is superior to standard CR exposure, in that it saves anaesthesia time, hospitalization time and has lower morbidity with no compromise in efficiency, and could be considered as the new standard approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic indices and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in various patient populations and in obesity. We investigated the association between metabolic parameters, IR and RBP4 during olanzapine therapy. Design A prospective study. Patients Thirty-seven participants with psychiatric disorder who were atypical antipsychotic naive and newly initiated on olanzapine were assessed. Measurements Fasting RBP4, anthropometric and metabolic variables were measured before and after 3 months of olanzapine therapy. Results Participants who developed MetS showed higher RBP4 levels compared with those without MetS, although not significant ( P = 0·053). The variation in RBP4 level was correlated with changes in systolic blood pressure ( r = 0·423, P = 0·009), diastolic blood pressure ( r = 0·390, P = 0·017), total cholesterol ( r = 0·446, P = 0·006) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ( r = 0·407, P = 0·012). Multiple linear regression analysis illustrated that end-point log insulin level was the most significant independent predictor of final log RBP4 levels (standardized ß = 0·353, P = 0·024). Conclusions Our results suggest that RBP4 levels might be associated with at least some olanzapine-induced metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objective. To explore the efficacy and safety of oral atorvastatin for the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis. Design. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting. University-affiliated psoriasis outpatient clinic in Iran. Patients. Forty-two patients aged 16-60 years with a diagnosis of acute or chronic plaque-type psoriasis with body surface area (BSA) involvement of greater than 10% were enrolled: 40 completed the study. Intervention. Oral atorvastatin 40 mg/day (20 patients) or placebo (20 patients) was administered for 12 weeks; patients' topical therapies with emollients, keratolytics, and/or class V corticosteroids were continued during the study period. Measurements and Main Results. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and percentage BSA involvement were used to assess the efficacy of therapy. Mean ± SD baseline PASI scores were 7.42 ± 1.90 and 6.92 ± 1.76 in the atorvastatin and placebo groups, respectively. The primary outcomes were the degree of change in PASI scores and percentage BSA involvement from baseline to week 12. Significant improvement in psoriasis lesions was observed in both the atorvastatin and placebo groups (p<0.001 for both groups). A 75% improvement in PAS1 score (PASI 75) was achieved in 8 patients (40%) in the atorvastatin group and 7 patients (35%) in the placebo group. However, no statistically significant differences were noted between the two treatment groups in mean PASI score, percentage BSA involvement, and PASI 75. In terms of adverse effects, atorvastatin was well tolerated. Conclusion. Oral atorvastatin 40 rag/day was not associated with therapeutic benefit when given to patients with baseline PASI scores less than 12 who were also treated with standard topical therapies. Additional trials are needed to elucidate the place of statins for the treatment of psoriasis. A larger follow-up study, as well as testing atorvastatin in patients with more intensive disease characterized by high PAS1 scores, is needed. Studies using higher atorvastatin doses or dose-ranging studies should also be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the underlying etiology of recurrent erythema multiforme (EM) can be a difficult endeavor. Although infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been implicated in some cases, the precise trigger of a given patient's recurrent EM often remains elusive. We discuss the case of a woman with a recurrent blistering eruption that was clinically and histopathologically consistent with EM. An investigation into the etiology of the patient's EM suggested that HSV was not the causative factor but instead pointed toward a hormonal influence that we interpret as autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD). This case is presented to highlight the importance of considering hormonal triggers in women with recurrent EM that consistently flares during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the point at which serum progesterone levels peak. A brief review of the literature regarding the diagnosis, histopathology, etiology and treatment of APD is further provided. Nasabzadeh TJ, Stefanato CM, Doole JE, Radfar A, Bhawan J, Venna S. Recurrent erythema multiforme triggered by progesterone sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients who have had malignant melanoma are at an increased risk of developing a second primary melanoma compared with the general population risk of developing a first melanoma. Many of these second primary melanomas occur at a similar anatomic site as the first lesion. Determining whether a second lesion is indeed a separate primary vs. a metastasis or locoregional recurrence can be very difficult histologically. We report the case of a patient who developed a second melanoma, 2 years after the initial diagnosis, within 3 cm of the site of the original lesion. Because of distinct histomorphologic features, the second lesion was favored to be a separate primary. However, because of the nearly identical anatomic location, molecular testing for loss of heterozygosity and BRAF mutation was performed to help further make this distinction. The first lesion was found to have loss of heterozygosity and a BRAF mutation that were not present in the second lesion. While these tests cannot elucidate the true molecular origin of these lesions, they provide a useful clinical tool to assess whether a second lesion should be treated as a recurrence or as a separate lesion with unique biologic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of a laparoscopic approach for managing large staghorn renal calculi. PATIENTS AND METHODS Laparoscopic transperitoneal anatrophic nephrolithotomy was used to duplicate open anatrophic nephrolithotomy in five patients (three men) with large staghorn renal stones unsuitable for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Only the renal artery was clamped, using a bulldog clamp. The stone was removed through a nephrotomy incision on the Brodel line, which was closed using 3/0 polyglactin continuous sutures, and sutures were buttressed by haemostatic clips instead of knots. Intraoperative ultrasonography was used in the last two patients to evaluate residual stones. RESULTS The mean (range) stone size was 53 (45–65) mm, the patient age was 53 (45–58) years, and the warm ischaemia and operative duration were 32 (29–35) and 170 (120–225) min, respectively. No blood transfusion was needed during or after surgery. All of the procedures were uneventful and there was no urine leakage after surgery. Only an 8-mm and a 6-mm residual stone remained in the first and third patients, in the lower and middle calyces, respectively. Both of them were subsequently treated with shock wave lithotripsy. An intravenous pyelogram after surgery showed a functional corresponding renal unit, with a significant improvement in obstruction in all patients. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy is a promising alternative for patients who are candidates for open surgery, with an acceptable stone-free rate. While offering a minimally invasive approach, it can minimize the need for secondary invasive interventions. Further patients and a longer follow-up are needed before this is suggested as the preferred method in selected patients in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in health care and pharmacotherapeutics have led to a growing aging population living with complex medical conditions. These changes are apparent in patients presenting for treatment at dental schools. This study assessed the medical profile of patients seeking treatment at the School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo. Medical records of 1,041 consecutive patients who presented for comprehensive dental care at the school were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic data, medical status, and use of medications from the charts were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 52 (SD±18), and the female to male ratio was 1.2:1. More than half of the patients had one or more systemic illnesses or were taking medication. The results of this study reflect the medical complexity of the growing aging population. The dental school curriculum should address the needs for management of the growing number of medically complex patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oncocyte is a cell characterized by capacious, eosinophilic, finely granular cytoplasm, and lesions composed primarily of oncocytes are termed oncocytomas. Whereas oncocytic metaplasia has been reported in various cutaneous neoplasms, oncocytomas typically occur in the kidneys, thyroid and salivary glands and are uncommon in the dermatopathology literature. We present three cases of cutaneous oncocytoma so that dermatopathologists are cognizant of this uncommon entity. Although some believe that oncocytomas are locally aggressive lesions, our cases indicate that their clinical course is perhaps as banal as their histology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcoidosis is a common systemic granulomatous disease affecting multiple organs. Oral involvement is relatively rare and, to our knowledge, there have been only 64 cases reported in the English literature. Most cases of oral sarcoidosis present with mobility of the teeth due to rapid alveolar bone loss. Other oral manifestations include asymptomatic swelling of the involved mucosa, gingivitis and ulcers. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is by exclusion as no specific test is available. Radiographic, biochemical and histological findings are non-specific, but helpful. All cases of sarcoidosis do not require treatment. Corticosteroids are the treatment of choice in patients requiring treatment. Other drugs such as chloroquine, methotrexate, infliximab and thalidomide are also used in the treatment of sarcoidosis. In most of the oral cases reported, systemic steroids and surgery were the preferred treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sarcoidosis is a relatively common systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The skeletal system is affected in up to 39% of patients, but intraosseous sarcoidosis affecting the maxilla and mandible is rare. Only 20 cases have been reported previously in the English literature. This paper presents a case of generalized intraosseous sarcoidosis of the jaw bones that mimicked rapidly progressive periodontitis. Methods: A 46-year-old male patient presented with loose teeth for assessment of implants. He had been gradually losing his teeth since 1999. His past medical history was significant, with sarcoidosis diagnosed in 1998. A panoramic radiograph showed a bilateral cotton-wool appearance of the mandible. A soft tissue and bone biopsy was performed and sent for histological examination. Results: Microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation consisted with skeletal sarcoidosis. Conclusions: Intraosseous sarcoidosis of the jaw bones is rare and presents commonly as progressive and rapid alveolar bone loss similar to periodontitis. Therefore, it is important for periodontists to be knowledgeable and able to diagnose this condition, as rapid alveolar bone loss may be the first sign of sarcoidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell therapy and bioengineering hold great promise as therapeutic approaches using cells and cell-derived factors to treat various pathologic or trauma-induced states. One possible application is the transplantation of cells into wounded tissue to help regulate tissue repair. Cells engineered for optimal wound healing may help to minimize scarring following surgery or to enhance the rate of healing of chronic wounds. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of a viral insert, the LacZ-bearing, first generation adenovirus AdRGD, on the survival of dermally transplanted murine skin allogenic fibroblasts. The LacZ insert facilitated quantitation of both cell survival and gene expression and was used here to measure viable cell number. In addition to bearing the LacZ marker, the AdRGD vector is capable of carrying therapeutic gene inserts, so this study tested the feasibility of gene therapy for wound healing. Murine skeletal muscle PP6 (i.e., Pre-Plate 6) myogenic stem cells served as an alternate donor cell type. Cells were labeled with the LacZ-bearing AdRGD adenovirus vector and injected (50,000 cells/site) into the dorsal skin of adult normal, immunocompetent mice as well as in immunodeficient SCID mice. Skin biopsies were taken on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 post-transplant, and assayed for LacZ expression. Soon after transplant (day 1), cell numbers underwent a transient decrease, but by day 2 post-transplant they were present in appreciable numbers. Between days 2–7 post-transplant, both allogenic fibroblasts and PP6 myogenic stem cells maintained survivability in similar numbers. Further, survival of transplanted cell types was similar in both normal, immunocompetent as well as SCID mice during this time period. There were no signs of acute inflammation or rejection in any of the samples. This study shows that AdRGD-transduced cells are not immunogenic in the mouse skin model and the cells show similar survival for the first 7 days post-transplantation independent of the cell type or immunocompetence of the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]