Search

Detecting pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in its early stages and predicting late‐stage patient prognosis undergoing chemotherapy is challenging. This work shows that the activation of specific oncogenes leads to elevated expression of mRNAs and their corresponding proteins in extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in blood. Utilizing an immune lipoplex nanoparticle (ILN) biochip assay, these findings demonstrate that glypican 1 (GPC1) mRNA expression in the exosomes‐rich (Exo) EV subpopulation and GPC1 membrane protein (mProtein) expression in the microvesicles‐rich (MV) EV subpopulation, particularly the tumor associated microvesicles (tMV), served as a viable biomarker for PDAC. A combined analysis effectively discriminated early‐stage PDAC patients from benign pancreatic diseases and healthy donors in sizable clinical from multiple hospitals. Furthermore, among late‐stage PDAC patients undergoing chemotherapy, lower GPC1 tMV‐mProtein and Exo‐mRNA expression before treatment correlated significantly with prolonged overall survival. These findings underscore the potential of vesicular GPC1 expression for early PDAC screenings and chemotherapy prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerative medicine in tissue engineering often relies on stem cells and specific growth factors at a supraphysiological dose. These approaches are costly and may cause severe side effects. Herein, therapeutic small extracellular vesicles (t‐sEVs) endogenously loaded with a cocktail of human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) and human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) mRNAs within a customized injectable PEGylated poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PEGS‐A) hydrogel for bone regeneration in rats with challenging femur critical‐size defects are introduced. Abundant t‐sEVs are produced by a facile cellular nanoelectroporation system based on a commercially available track‐etched membrane (TM‐nanoEP) to deliver plasmid DNAs to human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs). Upregulated microRNAs associated with the therapeutic mRNAs are enriched in t‐sEVs for enhanced angiogenic–osteogenic regeneration. Localized and controlled release of t‐sEVs within the PEGS‐A hydrogel leads to the retention of therapeutics in the defect site for highly efficient bone regeneration with minimal low accumulation in other organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]