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Key Clinical Message: Endometriosis may contribute to Mullerian adenosarcoma development but makes diagnosis challenging given similar symptoms. Survival benefit has not been definitively shown for chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiotherapy, consolidating surgery as the mainstay treatment. Local excision may be a treatment option for patients with confined tumors wishing to preserve their fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors that are associated with the occurrence of pneumonia in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) after treatment. Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, OVID, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 26, 2019. Review Methods: A systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and an assessment of bias were performed. Included studies reported on the risk factors of pneumonia development after HNC treatment via odds ratios and subdistribution hazard ratios from regression analysis. Results: Fifteen studies were included, comprising 30,962 patients with a mean age of 70 years (range, 19-95 years). Of these, 71.6% are male. The results of our study indicate that the following were independent risk factors contributing to the development of pneumonia: male sex, habitual alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene before treatment, pretreatment dysphagia, hypopharynx and nasopharynx tumor sites, use of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy versus surgery alone, addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy, reirradiation, neck dissection, increased duration of tracheotomy, and use of sedatives for sleeping. Conclusion: Multiple patient-, tumor-, and treatment-specific risk factors were identified in predicting pneumonia. Recognition of these risk factors early on may help prevent or at least detect pneumonia in this vulnerable group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The United States now has the highest death toll due to COVID‐19. Many otolaryngology procedures, including laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy, place otolaryngologists at increased risk of coronavirus transmission due to close contact with respiratory droplets and aerosolization from the procedure. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of guidelines on how to perform these procedures during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Literature review was performed. Articles citing laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy use with regard to COVID‐19 were included. Results: Laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy are all used in both emergent and elective situations. Understanding the risk stratification of cases and the varied necessity of personal protective equipment is important in protecting patients and health care workers. Conclusions: Summary guidelines based on the literature available at this time are presented in order to decrease transmission of the virus and protect those involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Impaired memory affects cognitive testing performance. This study examined in elderly adults the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on testing performance in different cognitive domains. Method: After giving their IRB‐approved written consent, 10 cognitively normal subjects (65±2 years old) and 10 patients with amnestic MCI (68±2 years old) completed the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Digit‐Span test, California Verbal Leaning Test –2nd edition (CVLT‐II), and Trail Making Test – B version (TMT‐B). Cognitive performances of the MCI and normal groups were compared by standard t tests. ANOVA was applied to evaluate the impacts of the group and trial‐number factors on immediate Free‐Recall (FR) performance in CVLT‐II. Result: The group MMSE scores were 24.8±0.4 in the MCI group vs 29.2±0.3 in the normal subjects (P<0.0001). The time to complete TMT‐B was prolonged markedly in the MCI (154±28 s) vs. normal (56±6 s) subjects (P = 0.007). Forward performance score in the Digit‐Span test did not differ between the groups (MCI 9.0±0.6 vs normal 8.5±0.9), although backward Digit‐Span performance was superior (P = 0.021) in the normal (7.0±0.6) vs. MCI (5.1±0.4) groups. CVLT‐II immediate FR scores improved with successive trials in both MCI and normal subjects (trial‐number factor P<0.0001). Although the FR scores from the first 2 trials did not differ between the groups, there was a significant difference appeared in the FR scores of the 3rd and the overall FR scores were appreciably lower in the MCI subjects (group factor P = 0.006). Moreover, 30‐sec Short‐Delay (S‐D) and 10‐min Long‐Delay (L‐D) FR scores were significantly lower in the MCI subjects (Table). Conclusion: Both short‐term memory and visuospatial‐executive function were significantly impaired in the MCI patients as compared with the age‐matched cognitively normal cohort. Repeated trials improve the immediate Free‐Recall in both groups. The backward Digit‐Span test was more sensitive than the forward test to detect the impairment of short‐term memory and attention in the elderly adults with MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]