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In R (on the application of Begum) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ms Shamima Begum was deprived of her British citizenship by the Secretary of State for the Home Department, as she had chosen to flee to Syria, and aligned herself with Islamic State of Iraq and Levant. To safeguard the UK's national security, the Supreme Court held that Ms Begum could not return to the UK to challenge the legality of the decision to deprive her of her citizenship. Accordingly, this matter was recently heard in the Special Immigration Appeals Commission whilst Ms Begum remained outside the UK. This piece argues that, as a result of this decision, the equilibrium of power has further shifted in favour of the executive/Secretary of State for the Home Department. This has the effect of attenuating the powers of the appellate bodies to hear cases regarding deprivation of citizenship matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of avian species diversity and abundance at the Taunsa Barrage Ramsar site was carried out from September 2019 to March 2020. Taunsa Barrage is an important wetland for international and local migratory birds, including waterfowls, waders, and long-distance migrant avifauna. Data were collected by direct counts made on four-point transects representing a disturbance gradient due to humans and different habitats. Species diversity indices, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and other statistical methods were used to analyze data. A total of 150 avian species of 19 orders and 53 families were recorded. These included 66 migrant species and 84 resident species. The spotting of ten globally threatened species also highlights the importance of wetland for avian species. On average, 1511 ± 373 (mean ± SD) species of birds were recorded every month. Shannon's diversity index indicated that Transect Point 2 had higher species diversity ( H ′ = 3.779), followed by Transect Points 3, 4, and 1 ( H ′ = 3.769 , H ′ = 3.491 , and H ′ = 3.457 , respectively). Evenness index showed that birds evenly distributed in September (E = 0.5584) than November (E = 0.310 9). ANOVA showed a significant difference (F = 4.800 , df = 3 , P = 0.002) of avian diversity and abundance among the transect points. But there was no statistically significant interaction between months (F = 1.23 , df = 6 , P = 0.233). The results showed that the Taunsa Barrage Ramsar site harbors plenty of resident migratory and threatened bird species. Hence, it is important to protect its habitat and need to protect avian diversity by overcoming major threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three energy‐rich protein (ERP) bars were prepared to meet the daily recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for the protein of Pakistani athletes. The bars were developed using dates, cheddar cheese (CC), whey protein isolate (WPI), roasted chickpea flour, and rice flour in different proportions. Bar #1 contained 64 g dates, 16 g dried apricots, 12 g WPI, and 8 g ripened CC. Bar #2 contained the same proportion of these ingredients with an addition of 12.5 g roasted chickpea flour, while bar #3 contained 6.25 g roasted rice and 6.25 g roasted chickpea flour. All the ingredients were homogeneously mixed into paste to form bars weighing 100–110 g per serving size. These bars were studied for the compositional analysis (moisture, protein, and lipid content), protein characterization through sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and in vitro determination of the angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE‐I) antihypertensive activity. Moisture and lipid content in bars were 22% and 0.057%–0.313%, respectively, while protein, fiber, and ash contents varied from 22.3% to 23.6%, 6.66 to 5.81, and 2.12% to 2.44%, respectively. The minimum energy content was recorded (272.70 Kcal/100 g) in bar #1 while bar #3 showed the highest energy content 274.65 Kcal/110 g with the addition of (5%) roasted chickpea and rice flour, respectively. Electrophoresis analysis of proteins in bar # 1 (cheese +WPI) showed the four bands at 62, 24, 20, and 12 kDa. Bar #2 (10% roasted chickpea flour) showed some additional bands at 40, 36, 34, and 28 kDa while relatively lower antihypertensive activity than bars #1 and 3. The study revealed that adding 10% roasted chickpea flour (bar #2) increased the protein content and diversity in proteins. It provided 40% proteins to athletes and could be helpful to meet their R.D.A. by consuming two bars/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein‐energy malnutrition (PEM) is most prevalent and affecting a large number of children in Pakistan. Ready‐to‐use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a tackling strategy to overcome the PEM in Pakistan. The present research was designed to formulate RUTF from different indigenous sources. After conducting some preliminary trials, 14 RUTF formulations were developed by mixing peanut, mung bean, and chickpea alone as well as in various combinations with the addition of sugar, powdered milk, oil, and vitamin‐mineral premix. Freshly prepared RUTF was stored at room temperature (20 ± 5°C) and packed in aluminum foil for 90 days to investigate the microbiological analysis (total plate count and mold count), water activity (Aw), peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. All the parameters showed significant (p <.05) differences among peanut, chickpea, and mung bean‐based RUTF except water activity. The storage days and interaction between treatments and storage days also showed a significant (p <.05) effect on water activity, total plate count, mold count, peroxide value, and TBA of RUTF formulations. The present study revealed that the peanut, chickpea, and mung bean can be used in the formulation of RUTF due to their shelf stability and help to mitigate the PEM in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nelumbinis semen is commonly known as lotus seeds that have been used as a vegetable, functional food, and medicine for 7,000 years. These are low caloric, a rich source of multiple nutrients and bioactive constituents, which make it a unique therapeutic food. N. semen plays an important part in the physiological functions of the body. Nowadays, people are more conscious about their health and desire to treat disease naturally with minimal side effects. So, functional foods are getting popularity due to a wide range of essential constituents, which are associated to decrease the risk of chronic diseases. These bioactive compounds from seeds are involved in anti‐adipogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, cardiovascular, hepato‐protective, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fertility, anti‐microbial, anti‐viral, hypoglycemic, etc. Moreover, the relationship between functional compounds along with their mechanism of action in the body, their extraction from the seeds for further research would be of great interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of present investigation was to determine chemical composition and antioxidant activity of sorghum and millet. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene assay and total phenolic content (TPC). Individual phenolic acids were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. TPC ranged 0.166-0.362 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g in sorghum and 0.275-0.305 mg GAE/g in millet. The major phenolic acid identified in sorghum was chlorogenic acid (11.90-39.10 μg/g) while in millet was m-coumaric acid (21.50 μg/g). DPPH was found to be 88.4-94.2% in sorghum and 47.1-48.2% in millet. β-carotene revealed wide range in sorghum (16.8-43.0%) and millet (20.6-28.8%). Sorghum had higher antioxidant activities and phenolic acids than millet. Cookies were prepared from wheat-sorghum and wheat-millet composite flour at ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. Cookies were evaluated for organoleptic properties and found highly acceptable at 10 and 20% level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]