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The median (range) tumour size was 55 (15-110) mm; in 10/35 patients (29%) the tumour was <4 cm, in 16 (45%) 4-7 cm, and in nine (26%) >7 cm. In 24/35 patients (69%) the tumour was unifocal and in 11 (31%) the tumour was multifocal. Four of the 35 patients (11%) have ultimately required dialysis: one due to progressive intrinsic renal disease and in three as a consequence of local treatment of cancer recurrence (two completion nephrectomies and one RFA). Interestingly, the commonest reason for needing dialysis in the longer term was as a consequence of treatment of tumour recurrence within the kidney (three patients). Abbreviations (O)PN (open)partial nephrectomy eGFR estimated GFR NSS nephron-sparing surgery PADUA Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical RFA radiofrequency ablation RN radical nephrectomy RRT renal replacement therapy SK solitary kidney Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is the established treatment of choice for most T1 renal masses [1]. [Extracted from the article]

Serious knife attacks make the headlines all too frequently these days and kidney injury can be the result of such trauma. The authors describe their work in one of London's four major trauma centres, documenting the types of injury managed and the impact of knife crime on the workload of these centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first reported application of Botulinum toxin‐A (BTX‐A) into the urethral sphincter predates the first documented use in the bladder. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical indications of BTX‐A injection into the urethral sphincter and its clinical efficacy. This review of the literature includes the larger more significant published studies that have reported on this use of BTX‐A. Case reports and articles not published in English were excluded. There have been many published clinical studies describing the use of BTX‐A in the urethral sphincter, four of which are randomized placebo controlled trials. These studies tend to include patients either in urinary retention or with obstructed voiding, both in the neuropathic and non‐neuropathic populations. Studies tend to demonstrate improvements in urodynamic parameters and quality of life after injection. There have been many small clinical studies in this area, however larger placebo‐controlled trials are needed to evaluate this treatment at higher levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that rise in robot-assisted surgery has made the patient selection an important task to ensure mitigation of risk, patient safety, and allow for the surgeon's training curve. A study examined 1686 patients who had undergone RAPN from a prospective database from five large American academic institutions. A sub-group of 216 patients had undergone major prior abdominal surgery (PAS).