Search

REFERENCES 1 Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American thyroid association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Keywords: Cysts; Decision-making; Ethanol; Patient-Reported Outcome Measures; Radiology; Shared; Thyroid nodule EN Cysts Decision-making Ethanol Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Radiology Shared Thyroid nodule 645 649 5 04/06/21 20210501 NES 210501 Key Points The majority of thyroid cysts are benign and asymptomatic but some continue to enlarge, causing local compressive symptoms or cosmetic concerns. Ethanol ablation of benign thyroid cysts and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules: factors that predict outcome. Introducing an ethanol ablation service for recurrent symptomatic thyroid cysts within the NHS - a prospective study of twenty-six patients. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: A study was undertaken to assess whether cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) computed tomographic (CT) biomarkers are associated with long‐term outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: We performed a prospective, community‐based cohort study of adults diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage between June 1, 2010 and May 31, 2013. A neuroradiologist rated the diagnostic brain CT for acute intracerebral hemorrhage features and SVD biomarkers. We used severity of white matter lucencies and cerebral atrophy, and the number of lacunes to calculate the CT SVD score. We assessed the association between CT SVD biomarkers and either death, or death or dependence (modified Rankin Scale scores = 4–6) 1 year after first‐ever intracerebral hemorrhage using logistic regression, adjusting for known predictors of outcome. Results: Within 1 year of intracerebral hemorrhage, 224 (56%) of 402 patients died. In separate models, 1‐year death was associated with severe atrophy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–4.49, p = 0.001) but not lacunes or severe white matter lucencies, and CT SVD sum score ≥ 1 (aOR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.40–4.45, p = 0.002). Two hundred seventy‐seven (73%) of 378 patients with modified Rankin Scale data were dead or dependent at 1 year. In separate models, 1‐year death or dependence was associated with severe atrophy (aOR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.71–7.89, p = 0.001) and severe white matter lucencies (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.06–4.51, p = 0.035) but not lacunes, and CT SVD sum score ≥ 1 (aOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.45–5.46, p = 0.002). Interpretation: SVD biomarkers on the diagnostic brain CT are associated with 1‐year death and dependence after intracerebral hemorrhage, independent of known predictors of outcome. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:266–279 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are increasing opportunities for junior doctors to deliver teaching as well as formally develop teaching skills. Near-peer teaching (NPT) programmes, like that established in South-East Scotland, not only provide additional learning opportunities for students but also have potential benefits for the teachers. Context: Achieving the multiple competencies required of both the medical school and the foundation programme poses significant challenges. Medical students have reduced exposure to bedside teaching, which may be contributing to the concerns raised regarding the clinical skills of recently graduated junior doctors. NPT increases the pool of tutors available to students, helps facilitate both practical and small group teaching and has other advantages, such as peer tutors being more approachable than senior staff. Innovation: The NPT programme in South-East Scotland was devised by a group of junior doctors keen to improve, expand and formalise NPT. It started in 2006 as one NPT programme, with 73 tutorials delivered by 18 tutors. Last year across four NPT programmes, 324 tutorials were delivered by 108 tutors, with all tutors receiving formal tutor training. In this article we describe the South-East Scotland model, and offer guidance for those interested in setting up similar programmes elsewhere. Implications: NPT, delivered by trained junior doctors, is now well established in every hospital in South-East Scotland. Our NPT model facilitates evidence-based teaching by junior doctors, is popular amongst both junior doctors and students, is sustainable and can be used as a practical example for how to generate NPT programmes elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public vocational education and training (VET) system is one of the few areas in Australia's tertiary education system where students are required to pay upfront fees without access to loan assistance. These arrangements may lead to sub-optimal educational outcomes to the extent that prospective students reject a VET education on the basis of short-term financial constraints. In this paper we analyse some of the important issues related to the adoption of FEE-HELP (a 2005 federal government financial instrument based on the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS)). It is argued that income contingent loans of this kind are associated with the advantages of both default-protection and consumption smoothing. Using data from the first three waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, we examine various empirical issues associated with the adoption of FEE-HELP in VET, including the extent of private salary returns to VET qualifications. As well, we explore issues related to the public subsidies inherent in the adoption of FEE-HELP in VET, and illustrate the time periods involved in loan repayments for various assumptions concerning the size of the charge and the future income of VET graduates. Administrative issues are considered, as are the implications for the Commonwealth government with respect to potential subsidies associated with the design parameters. In the 2007–08 Federal Budget, the former government announced a small extension of the FEE-HELP system into Australian VET, a reform consistent with improved tertiary funding arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of an adult mixed-breed dog with hematuria and abdominal discomfort. It says that urinalysis of the urine sample acquired through cystocentesis was followed by centrifugation and microscopic examination which revealed a sedimented urine with rod-shaped bacteria, leukocytes, and other structures. Moreover, the dog recovered from surgery after exploratory laparotomy showed a dioctophyma renale worm in the abdomen.