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As a class of clean oxidants, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has shown great application potential in a variety of fields due to its high energy density and convenient storage condition, while the synthesis of H2O2 by the utilization of green energy technology has currently become one of the attentions in energy field. In this paper, the CdxZn1‐xS (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) solid solutions with different zinc‐cadmium molar ratios are prepared by a simple solvothermal route, and the H2O2 evolution performances of materials under illumination and ultrasound conditions are explored. The results show that Cd0.4Zn0.6S has the highest H2O2 yield rate of 2866 µmol/g/h under the synergistic effect of ultrasound and illumination without any sacrificial agent, which is higher than those in ultrasonic or light condition alone, showing piezo‐photocatalytic coupling characteristic. The characterizations including piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), finite element simulation, in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) reveal that the excellent H2O2 production property of the material should be mainly ascribed to its nanorod structure and e−‐h+ dual‐channel reactivity formed by the bending of its energy band under the piezoelectric effect. This work provides reference and enlightenment for the preparation of H2O2 through the green energy avenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 (CMAS) ceramics composites of anorthite‐cordierite composition were synthesized from natural raw materials (kaolin and dolomite rock). The change of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio in kaolin/dolomite mixtures (12, 24, and 36 wt.%) and synthesized composites along with analysis of their phase composition transformations (X‐ray diffraction) during heat treatment (thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis) give the controlled design of aluminosilicate matrices. The obtained ceramic composites are represented by anorthite, a cordierite‐like phase whose ratio varies from 1.3:1 to 2.8:1. Mullite crystals, also included in the composition, reinforce the anorthite‐cordierite matrix. The morphostructural features of the samples were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The porosity ranges from 7.8% to 24.2% depending on dolomite content. The impurities of iron and titanium interfering with obtaining a qualitative product are leveled by the presented technique including the heat treatment scheme justified by thermogravimetric analysis. Obtained CMAS‐ceramics of anorthite‐cordierite composition correspond to industrial international standards by their technical characteristics and exceed the requirements for heat‐insulating and chemically resistant materials by compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia results in the formation of nitrogen‐fixing root nodules. Endoreduplication is essential for nodule development and efficient nitrogen fixation; however, the cellular mechanism by which rhizobial infection causes endoreduplication in symbiotic nodules and the roles of the resulting polyploid cells in nitrogen fixation remain largely unknown.Here, we developed a series of different approaches to separate infected cells (ICs) and uninfected cells (UCs) and determined their ploidy levels in soybean (Glycine max) developing nodules. We demonstrated that 4C nuclei exist in both UCs and ICs of developing nodules and that these 4C cells are primarily invaded by rhizobia and subsequently undergo endoreduplication.Furthermore, RNA‐sequencing analysis of nuclei with different ploidy levels from soybean nodules at 12 d post‐infection (dpi) and 20 dpi showed that 4C cells are predominantly ICs in 12‐dpi nodules but UCs in 20‐dpi nodules.We conclude that the infection of 4C cells by rhizobia is critical for initiating endoreduplication. These findings provide significant insight into rhizobial infection, nodule endoreduplication and nitrogen fixation in symbiotic nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: auxin signal; lamina joint; leaf angle; LIGULELESS 2s; LIGULELESS 1; organogenesis; Oryza sativa EN auxin signal lamina joint leaf angle LIGULELESS 2s LIGULELESS 1 organogenesis Oryza sativa 1832 1839 8 01/21/21 20210215 NES 210215 The lamina joint (LJ) is a grass-specific organ that connects the leaf blade to the sheath and causes the leaf blade to bend away from the vertical axis. Notably, the regulation of LJ differentiation by I OsLG1 i is dependent on the LJ position determination by I OsLG2 i and I OsLG2L i , because the LJ differentiation was absent in I OsLG2-cri;OsLG2L-cri i . I OsLG2 i and I OsLG2L i are essential for determining the LJ position; I OsLG1 i is necessary to initiate LJ differentiation, which depends on the LJ positioning determined by I OsLG2/2L i . [Extracted from the article]

Cell division is precisely regulated and highly tissue‐specific; studies have suggested that diverse signals in the epidermis, especially the epidermal brassinosteroids (BRs), can regulate root growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that integrate hormonal cues such as BR signaling with other endogenous, tissue‐specific developmental programs to regulate epidermal cell proliferation remain unclear. In this study, we used molecular and biochemical approaches, microscopic imaging and genetic analysis to investigate the function and mechanisms of a P‐type cyclin in root growth regulation. We found that CYCP3;1, specifically expressed in the root meristem epidermis and lateral root cap, can regulate meristem cell division. Mitotic analyses and biochemical studies demonstrated that CYCP3;1 promotes cell division at the G2‐M duration by associating and activating cyclin‐dependent kinase B2‐1 (CDKB2;1). Furthermore, we found that CYCP3;1 expression was inhibited by BR signaling through BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), a positive downstream transcription factor in the BR signaling pathway. These findings not only provide a mechanism of how root epidermal‐specific regulators modulate root growth, but also reveal why the excess of BRs or enhanced BR signaling inhibits cell division in the meristem to negatively regulate root growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: There is 18,000 km of coastline in China. It is extremely important to construct coastal shelterbelts as they have a unique and irreplaceable role in the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters and in maintaining the ecological balance of coastal regions. A coastal shelterbelt was constructed near Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province, and three plots (wasteland, farmland, and forest) were studied to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the diversity of herbaceous plants. The environmental benefits were analyzed by field surveys and soil sampling. A total of 31 species from 30 genera and 14 families of halophyte and salt‐tolerant grasses were found in the survey area. The wasteland included 21 species from 20 genera and 9 families, whereas the shelterbelt forest had 19 species from 19 genera and 8 families, with Poaceae and Asteraceae dominating. Moreover, the Sørensen coefficient for the shelterbelt forest and wasteland was 65 and that for the shelterbelt forest and farmland was 55.56. Additionally, the salinity decreased from 0.52% to 0.02% after 2 years, similar to the value for farmland that has been cultivated for decades. The organic matter content increased from 5.1 to 9.5 g/kg, and the total nitrogen content increased from 0.34 to 0.47 g/kg. We concluded that coastline shelterbelts could be successfully established on the muddy coast. With coastline shelterbelts growing, the structure and diversity of herbaceous plants were affected, and the soil conditions were improved. Therefore, the construction of shelterbelt forest would improve the coastal landscape and enhance soil properties, accelerating the succession of herbaceous plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the U-230Th ages in lowest boundary of travertine in Dawanzhangjia Valley, China, which will offer a new vision on the glacial evolution of the eastern Himalayane-Tibetan orogen in Huanglong area, China.