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Objective This study investigated the vascularization in periodontal disease process via revealing: (i) vascular endothelial cadherin ( VE-cadherin) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) productions in periodontitis and (ii) the impact of smoking on this phenomenon. Materials and Methods Fifteen smokers and 15 non-smokers with/without periodontitis were allocated by split-mouth randomization regarding their smoking and periodontal statuses. The teeth with periodontitis in smokers (group 1), without periodontitis in smokers (group 2), with periodontitis in non-smokers (group 3), and without periodontitis in non-smokers (group 4) constituted the study groups. Gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF) levels of VE-cadherin and VEGF were determined by ELISA to evaluate their profiles in the groups. Results There were increased VE-cadherin levels in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 ( P < 0.05). Group 2 demonstrated higher VE-cadherin level than group 4 ( P < 0.05). Increased VEGF was noted in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 ( P < 0.05) with similar levels between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 ( P > 0.05). There were no correlations between the VE-cadherin and VEGF levels in all groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that VE-cadherin and VEGF may increase in periodontitis, and smoking may uniquely cause VE-cadherin production in GCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Nutrition may be a potential modifying factor in periodontal conditions. The present study investigated this phenomenon for dietary induced hyperparathyroidism (dHPT) by revealing the histopathological and histomorphometrical profiles of healthy and diseased periodontia in dHPT., Methods: Dietary induced hyperparathyroidism was induced in 12 rats by dietary calcium/phosphorous imbalance and 12 rats were fed standard diet (SD). Periodontitis was induced on the right mandibular molar teeth (mmt) of these rats by injecting an endotoxin + saline solution whereas injecting pure saline to the left mmt. Thus, four study groups were created: dHPT + saline (group 1), dHPT + endotoxin (group 2), SD + endotoxin (group 3) and SD + saline (group 4). Histological sections were obtained from the second mmt and examined using light microscope., Results: Group 1 demonstrated inflammatory and degenerative alterations in periodontium without pocket formation. Periodontitis was evident in groups 2 and 3. Group 2 revealed the highest amounts of gingival inflammatory cell and vessel counts (group 2 > group 3 > group 1 > group 4), attachment and bone losses (group 2 > group 3 > groups 1 > group 4) and osteoclast count (group 2 > group 3 > group 1 > group 4) (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: These results propose that dHPT may impair the health status of periodontium and may worsen the pathobiology of periodontal diseases., (© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)