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In this study, a polarisation‐analysing CMOS image sensor is fabricated for sensitive polarisation modulation detection. Although the image sensor with on‐pixel polarisers can image the incident polarisation collectively, its sensitivity to a weak polarisation change is not high. With the proposed method, an external polariser is used to enhance the polarisation modulation sensitivity with a polarisation image sensor. The performance of this highly sensitive polarisation image sensor and imaging experiments are evaluated using a flow channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angle-selective pixels fabricated by using metal layers of the image sensor chip are proposed. Four incident-angle-selective pixels share one aperture. The selective pixel has a peak at 40° and full width at half maximum of ~23°. An image sensor composed of normal and angle-sensitive pixels was designed and fabricated. The reconstruction of a high-resolution image from the blurred image using five different views is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An implantable glucose monitoring device based on a CMOS line sensor combined with a glucose‐responsive fluorescent hydrogel is developed. An implantable glucose monitoring device with sufficient sensitivity and response time is realised, which is an improvement over the authors' previous proof‐of‐concept device. A reduction of the sensor size made the device diameter injectable with a commercially available 16‐gauge syringe needle. The sensor's performance was confirmed through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palm‐sized optical measurement device capable of polarisation rotation and single‐wavelength absorption measurements is presented. The device is equipped with a polarisation‐analysing CMOS image sensor with an on‐chip multi‐angular polariser array. The volume of the device is as small as 51 cm3, which is smaller than both 1/1000 of a conventional desktop polarimeter and 1/10 of the previous device. The capability of the proposed device to perform simultaneous polarisation rotation/single‐wavelength absorption measurements is experimentally verified through in situ monitoring of a photochemical reaction performed in a microflow reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for wireless data transmission from an implantable image sensor through the biological tissue as a conductive medium is reported. A battery‐powered implantable image sensor unit is dipped in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) as the simulant body solution and received the data signal through the PBS. Its equivalent circuit model for simulation is also proposed. The transmitted signal waveforms are in good agreement with the simulation result. Image recovery from the signal obtained from the implantable image sensor received outside the PBS is also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development of implantable complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, which can help in observation inside the body. It discusses how the feature makes it more important than conventional microscopes, the measurement of the target neural cells may not be present in front of the sensor.

Two plasminogen binding proteins were identified from a mouse infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The pneumococcal proteins were annotated as ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit (ClpC) and excinuclease ABC subunit C (UvrC) using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) method. Recombinants of both proteins showed significant binding to plasminogen and were found to promote plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator. In addition, ClpC and UvrC were LytA-dependently released into the culture supernatant and bound to the bacterial surface. These results suggest that S. pneumoniae releases ClpC and UvrC by autolysis and recruits them to the bacterial surface, where they bind to plasminogen and promote its activation, contributing to extracellular matrix degradation and tissue invasion., (© 2022 The Societies and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of isomaltulose, an ingredient in carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages to maintain glycaemia and attenuate the risk of dehydration during exercise heat stress, on postexercise rehydration and physiological heat loss responses? What is the main finding and its importance? Consumption of a 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolyte beverage following exercise heat stress restored hydration following a 2 h recovery as compared to a 2% solution or water only. While the 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolytes increased plasma volume and plasma osmolality, which are known to modulate postexercise heat loss, sweating and cutaneous vascular responses did not differ between conditions. Consequently, ingestion beverages containing 6.5% isomaltulose-electrolytes enhanced postexercise rehydration without affecting heat loss responses., Abstract: Isomaltulose is a disaccharide carbohydrate widely used during exercise to maintain glycaemia and hydration. We investigated the effects of ingesting a beverage containing isomaltulose and electrolytes on postexercise hydration state and physiological heat loss responses. In a randomized, single-blind cross-over design, 10 young healthy men were hypohydrated by performing up to three 30 min successive moderate-intensity (50% heart rate reserve) bouts of cycling, each separated by 10 min, while wearing a water-perfusion suit heated to 45°C. The protocol continued until a 2% reduction in body mass was achieved. Thereafter, participants performed a final 15 min moderate-intensity exercise bout followed by a 2 h recovery. Following cessation of exercise, participants ingested a beverage consisting of (i) water only (Water), (ii) 2% isomaltulose (CHO-2%), or (iii) 6.5% isomaltulose (CHO-6.5%) equal to the volume of 2% body mass loss within the first 30 min of the recovery. Changes in plasma volume (ΔPV) after fluid ingestion were greater for CHO-6.5% compared with CHO-2% (120 min postexercise) and Water (90 and 120 min) (all P ≤ 0.040). Plasma osmolality remained elevated with CHO-6.5% compared with consumption of the other beverages at 30 and 90 min postexercise (all P ≤ 0.050). Urine output tended to be reduced with CHO-6.5% compared to other fluid conditions (main effect, P = 0.069). Rectal and mean skin temperatures, chest sweat rate and cutaneous perfusion did not differ between conditions (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, compared with CHO-2% and Water, consuming a beverage consisting of CHO-6.5% and electrolytes during recovery under heat stress enhances PV recovery without modulating physiological heat loss responses., (© 2019 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2019 The Physiological Society.)

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases and is commonly comorbid with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the pathophysiology underlying the depressive state in DM remains poorly understood. Animal models are useful tools to investigate the association between depression and DM. In the present study we investigated whether the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, a novel animal model of type 2 DM, shows depression-related features. We assessed depression-like behaviour, hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Behaviour was evaluated using a forced swimming test, and the HPA axis was evaluated with changes in plasma corticosterone levels after a swimming stress exposure or dexamethasone challenge. In addition, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), noradrenaline, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and brain stem were measured. In the forced swimming test, SDT fatty rats exhibited increased duration of immobility compared with control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Moreover, basal corticosterone levels were significantly elevated in SDT fatty compared with control SD rats. However, there were no stress-induced increases or changes in dexamethasone-induced suppression of corticosterone in SDT fatty compared with control SD rats. Furthermore, there were significant changes in 5-HT concentrations in the prefrontal cortex, and in GABA and glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus in SDT fatty compared with controls. The results of the present study suggest that the SDT fatty rat may be an appropriate model for diabetes with comorbid depression associated with neurotransmitter impairments and aberrant basal HPA hyperactivity., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

The title mol-ecule, C30H28O6, possesses crystallographically imposed twofold symmetry, with two central C atoms in the naphthalene unit lying on the rotation axis along [001]. The 4-eth-oxy-benzoyl groups at the peri positions of the naphthalene ring system are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.769 (4) and 0.231 (4). They are directed in opposite directions from the naphthalene plane (anti orientation). For the major component, the dihedral angle between the aroyl benzene ring and the naphthalene ring system is 75.62 (13)° [minor component 75.5 (4)°], and that between the aroyl benzene rings is 32.58 (15)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network.

The title compound, C32H32O6, crystallized with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Each molecule has essentially the same feature of non-coplanar aromatic rings whereby the two 4-isopropoxybenzoyl groups are twisted in a perpendicular manner to the naphthalene ring and oriented in the same direction (syn-orientation). The benzene rings of the aroyl groups make dihedral angles of 16.13 (7) and 25.31 (7)° in the two molecules. These benzene rings make dihedral angles of 88.38 (8) and 75.32 (7)° with the naphthalene ring system in one molecule, and 89.71 (7) and 82.11 (7)° in the other. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In one independent molecule, the 2-propyl groups of both isoprop-oxy groups are disordered over two positions with site occupancies of 0.512 (3) and 0.488 (3).

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C32H24O5, the benzoyl group and the 4-phenoxy substituted benzoyl group at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel. The two benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 21.18 (10)°, and are inclined to the naphthalene ring system by 86.53 (9) and 82.95 (8)°, respectively. In the crystal, C-H⋯O inter-actions are observed involving aromatic and meth-oxy H atoms with ketonic carbonyl O atoms, as well as C-H⋯π inter-actions between aromatic H atoms and the π-systems of naphthalene and benzene rings. These interactions form a three-dimensional architecture and afford a waved alignment of the naphthalene ring systems along the c axis.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C20H18O4, the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 81.74 (5)°. An inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action is formed between an H atom at the 6-position of the naphthalene ring and the O atom of the meth-oxy group at the 7-position.

In the title mol-ecule, C25H20O4, the naphthalene and phen-oxy groups are oriented nearly perpendicular with respect to the benzene ring of the benzoyl group, with dihedral angles of 89.61 (5) and 86.13 (6)°, respectively. The crystal structure features C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

In the title compound, C(36)H(24)O(6), the benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene system are in an anti orientation. Both carbonyl groups form intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with hy-droxy groups affording six-membered rings. The benzene rings of the benzoyl groups make dihedral angles of 59.26 (13) and 59.09 (13)° with the naphthalene ring system. Zigzag C-H⋯O chains and ladder C-H⋯O chains between the phenoxybenzoyl groups along the ab diagonals form an undulating checkered sheet. The molecules are further connected into a three-dimensional network by C-H⋯π interactions.

The entire title mol-ecule, C(42)H(36)O(6), is completed by the application of a twofold axis. The 4-phen-oxy-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel. The dihedral angle between the best planes of the benzene rings of the benzoyl moieties and the naphthalene ring system is 70.52 (5)° and that between the best planes of the benzene rings of the phen-oxy groups and the naphthalene ring system is 27.80 (6)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional architecture by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

In the title compound, C(31)H(20)O(5), the phenyl rings of the benzo-yloxy and benzoyl groups are twisted away from the naphthalene ring system by 64.27 (6), 73.62 (5) and 80.41 (6)°. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules, forming tubular chains parallel to the b axis. The chains are further connected into a three-dimensional network by C-H⋯π inter-actions and π-π stacking contacts [centroid-centroid distances = 3.622 (10)-3.866 (12) Å].

In the title compound, C28H24O6·CHCl3, the two 4-meth-oxy-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, the benzene rings making a dihedral angle of 25.76 (7)°. The naphthalene ring system makes dihedral angles of 72.51 (7) and 73.33 (7)° with the benzene rings. In the crystal, the naphthalene mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a helical chain along the b-axis direction. A C-H⋯Cl inter-action is also observed between the aroylated naphthalene and chloro-form mol-ecules. The chloro-form mol-ecule is disordered over two positions with site occupancies of 0.478 (5) and 0.522 (5).

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C34H36O4, the two 4-isobutyl-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, and the benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 21.59 (7)°. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings and the naphthalene ring system are 69.26 (6) and 64.29 (5)°. There are no classical hydrogen bonds in the structure, but inversion-related mol-ecules engage in π-π stacking, with an inter-planar spacing between related naphthalene groups of 3.4120 (16) Å.

In the title compound, C32H30F2O4, the benzene rings of the benzoyl groups make dihedral angles of 74.55 (6) and 74.39 (7)° with the naphthalene ring system. In the crystal, intra- and inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions are observed between the but-oxy group and the aromatic rings. There are also C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds present that link the mol-ecules into chains propagating along [010].

In the title compound, C(36)H(22)F(2)O(4), the aromatic rings of the benzoyl and phen-oxy groups make dihedral angles of 72.07 (5), 73.24 (5), 62.49 (5) and 77.96 (6)° with the naphthalene ring system. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions are observed.

In the title compound, C(38)H(24)O(6), the phenyl rings of the benzoyl and benzo-yloxy groups make dihedral angles of 67.12 (5), 85.15 (5), 76.41 (5) and 71.47 (5)° with the naphthal-ene ring system. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules into chains parallel to the b axis. The structure also features C-H⋯π and π-π stacking inter-actions, with centroid-centroid distances in the range 3.6441 (7)-3.9197 (8) Å.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(30)H(24)O(8), the two 4-acet-oxy-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, and the two benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 54.21 (9)°. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings and the naphthalene ring system are 63.63 (8) and 78.54 (8)°.

In the title compound, C(32)H(32)O(4), the 4-propyl-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, and their benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 8.64 (10)°. The dihedral angles between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene rings are 69.37 (8) and 69.45 (8)°. In the crystal, C-H⋯O inter-actions link adjacent mol-ecules via their aroyl groups.

In the title compound, C(30)H(26)O(6)·C(3)H(6)O, the syn-oriented benzoyl groups are nearly parallel to each other; the dihedral angle between their benzene rings is 15.9 (1)°. They form dihedral angles of 72.5 (1) and 84.3 (1)° with the naphthalene system. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional architecture by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

In the title mol-ecule, C(30)H(28)O(4), the inter-planar angle between the two benzene rings of the 3,5-dimethyl-benzoyl groups is 50.35 (7)°. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings and the naphthalene ring system are 81.87 (6) and 83.55 (6)°. In addition, the conformations of the pairs of methyl groups and their counterparts differ from each other though their environment is very similar. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O inter-actions occur.

In the title compound, C(29)H(25)ClO(4), the dihedral angle between the benzene rings of the 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl group and the 4-chloro-benzoyl group is 65.19 (9)°. The dihedral angles between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene rings of the 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl group and the 4-chloro-benzoyl group are 85.66 (8) and 69.48 (8)°, respectively. In the crystal, two types of inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions and an intra-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action are observed. Moreover, there is a short intra-molecular C=O⋯C=O contact of 2.614 (2) Å between the benzoyl substituents.

In the title compound, C(32)H(32)O(4), the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings of the 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl groups is 71.43 (7)°. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings and the naphthalene ring system are 81.58 (5) and 84.92 (6)°. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action is observed.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(34)H(36)O(6), is located on a twofold rotation axis. The two 4-but-oxy-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings and the naphthalene ring system are 71.70 (4)°. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected via C-H⋯π inter-actions into a layer parallel to (010).

In the title compound, C(22)H(22)O(3), the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 79.95 (5)°. The bridging carbonyl C-C(=O)-C group makes dihedral angles of 24.21 (7) and 82.43 (8)°, respectively, with the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions link mol-ecules into chains parallel to the c axis.

In the title compound, C(22)H(22)O(3), the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 82.93 (5)°. The bridging carbonyl C-C(=O)-C plane makes dihedral angles of 50.11 (6) and 46.87 (7)°, respectively, with the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring. In the crystal, three types of weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions are observed.

In the title compound, C(28)H(22)Br(2)O(4), the two 4-bromo-methyl-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, the benzene rings forming a dihedral angle of 2.94 (16)°. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings and the naphthalene ring systems are 70.98 (13) and 72.89 (13)°. In the crystal, centrosymmetric-ally-related mol-ecules are linked into dimeric units by inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(26)H(20)O(4), contains two independent conformers. The aromatic rings of the aroyl groups are twisted with respect to the naphthalene ring systems to form dihedral angles of 66.58 (6) and 66.45 (6)° in one conformer, and 75.00 (7) and 81.17 (6)° in the other conformer. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and by C-H⋯π inter-actions.