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Background: Hypotension is common after cardiac arrest (CA), and current guidelines recommend using vasopressors to target mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) higher than 65 mmHg. Pilot trials have compared higher and lower MAP targets. We will review the evidence on whether higher MAP improves outcome after cardiac arrest. Methods: This systematic review and meta‐analysis will be conducted based on a systematic search of relevant major medical databases from their inception onwards, including MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), as well as clinical trial registries. We will identify randomised controlled trials published in the English language that compare targeting a MAP higher than 65–70 mmHg in CA patients using vasopressors, inotropes and intravenous fluids. The data extraction will be performed separately by two authors (a third author will be involved in case of disagreement), followed by a bias assessment with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool using an eight‐step procedure for assessing if thresholds for clinical significance are crossed. The outcomes will be all‐cause mortality, functional long‐term outcomes and serious adverse events. We will contact the authors of the identified trials to request individual anonymised patient data to enable individual patient data meta‐analysis, aggregate data meta‐analyses, trial sequential analyses and multivariable regression, controlling for baseline characteristics. The certainty of the evidence will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. We will register this systematic review with Prospero and aim to redo it when larger trials are published in the near future. Conclusions: This protocol defines the performance of a systematic review on whether a higher MAP after cardiac arrest improves patient outcome. Repeating this systematic review including more data likely will allow for more certainty regarding the effect of the intervention and possible sub‐groups differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cuff leak test (CLT) is used to assess laryngeal edema prior to extubation. There is limited evidence for its diagnostic accuracy and conflicting guidelines surrounding its use in critically ill patients who do not have risk factors for laryngeal edema. The primary study aim was to describe intensivists' beliefs, attitudes, and practice regarding the use of the CLT. Methods: A 13‐item survey was developed, pilot‐tested, and subjected to clinical sensibility testing. The survey was distributed electronically through MetaClinician®. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression analysis were performed to examine associations between participant demographics and survey responses. Results: 1184 practicing intensivists from 17 countries in North and South America, Europe, Oceania, and Asia participated. The majority (59%) of respondents reported rarely or never perform the CLT prior to extubating patients not at high risk of laryngeal edema, which correlated with 54% of respondents reporting they believed a failed CLT did not predict reintubation. Intensivists from the Middle East were 2.4 times more likely to request a CLT compared to those from North America. Intensivists with base training in medicine or emergency medicine were more likely to request a CLT prior to extubation compared to those with base training in anesthesiology. Conclusion: Use of the CLT prior to extubating patients not at high risk of laryngeal edema in the intensive care unit is highly variable. Practice appears to be influenced by country of practice and base specialty training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extraction of pure uranium (U) from its ore or spent nuclear fuel and separation of U for trace impurities characterization of nuclear fuels are the processes resulting into the accumulation of large amounts of low boiling and volatile organic waste. The limited reusability and degradation (chemical and radiation induced) of these waste solutions turning out to be an environmental threat. The authors have addressed this issue by developing an eco‐friendly, simple and selective liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) procedure for U employing a phosphoramidate group bearing task specific ionic liquid (TSIL). Optimization of various LLE parameters resulted in high distribution ratio (D) value of 174±5 for U when extracted from 5 mol L−1 HNO3 medium. A detailed study on the infrared and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of U loaded ionic liquid phase reveals the extraction mechanism. Such high DU value resulted in high separation factors for U with respect to the elements which are commonly present in the ore, processed nuclear fuel and spent nuclear fuel. The structural integrity and metal ion extractability of the TSIL is found to remain unaffected when irradiated up to an absorbed dose of 400 kilogray (kGy). Sodium carbonate solution is found to back‐extract ≥ 95% of U from the ionic liquid phase and regenerate it for further usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which analyzed the increase in intensive care unit (ICU) bed availability resulting from the use of the New South Wales and Ontario Health Plan for an Influenza Pandemic (OHPIP) triage protocols. The study included eight Australian, adult, general ICU patients and was conducted between September 2009 and May 2010. Study authors concluded that triage protocols resulted in increased ICU bed availability.

This letter investigates design considerations and impact of technological parametric variations on microwave performance of gate electrode workfunction engineered recessed channel (GEWE-RC) MOSFET using ATLAS.Results reveal significantly enhanced microwave performance of GEWE-RC over bulk in terms of intrinsic delay, gains, cut-off frequency, S-parameters proving its effectiveness in radio-frequency-wireless, and RFID technology. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 652–657, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hot-carrier reliability, analog, and linearity characteristics of DMG ISE SON MOSFET have been discussed.The device reduces electron temperature by 35.85% in comparison to a non-dual material gate (DMG) architecture showing its self-heating resistant nature. The analog performance and linearity metrics—gm/IDS, Rout, VEA, and gm/gd and VIP2 and VIP3—have been studied facilitating the selection of bias point for improved RF/analog performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 770–775, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25004 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) analytical sub-threshold model for a novel sub-50 nm multi-layered-gate electrode workfunction engineered recessed channel (MLGEWE-RC) MOSFET is presented and investigated using ATLAS device simulator to counteract the large gate leakage current and increased standby power consumption that arise due to continued scaling of SiO2-based gate dielectrics. The model includes the evaluation of surface potential, electric field along the channel, threshold voltage, drain-induced barrier lowering, sub-threshold drain current and sub-threshold swing. Results reveal that MLGEWE-RC MOSFET design exhibits significant enhancement in terms of improved hot carrier effect immunity, carrier transport efficiency and reduced short channel effects proving its efficacy for high-speed integration circuits and analog design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses fever and antipyresis. It is said that fever stands as an important mechanism in the resistance of a body against infectious diseases in which fever therapy can be used for treating neurosyphilis-related progressive paralysis. It mentions that while antipyretics are used to treat fever, some studies indicate that such drugs have adverse effects on the course of infectious disorders. It also notes the calming effect of paracetamol when given to young children.