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Objectives: SENIOR (uSing rolE‐substitutioN In care homes to improve oRal health) is a randomised controlled trial designed to determine whether role substitution could improve oral health for this population. A parallel process evaluation was undertaken to understand context. This paper reports on the first phase of the process evaluation. Background: The oral health and quality‐of‐life of older adults residing in care homes is poorer than those in the community. Oral health care provision is often unavailable and a concern and challenge for managers. The use of Dental Therapists and Dental Nurses rather than dentists could potentially meet these needs. Materials and Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 key stakeholders who either worked or had experience of dependent care settings. Questions were theoretically informed by the: Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PAHRIS) framework. The focus was on contextual factors that could influence adoption in practice and the pathway‐to‐impact. Interviews were fully transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: Three themes (receptive context, culture, and leadership) and 11 codes were generated. Data show the complexity of the setting and contextual factors that may work as barriers and facilitators to intervention delivery. Managers are aware of the issues regarding oral health and seek to provide best care, but face many challenges including staff turnover, time pressures, competing needs, access to services, and financial constraints. Dental professionals recognise the need for improvement and view role substitution as a viable alternative to current practice. Conclusion: Although role substitution could potentially meet the needs of this population, an in‐depth understanding of contextual factors appeared important in understanding intervention delivery and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable hybrid composites, made of two different natural plant fiber types, are increasingly being attracted by composite researchers, for their cost effectiveness and ability to control mechanical performances through varying weight ratios of different fibers. In contrast, their lower mechanical properties are reported in the literature, because of strength variations of different fiber types and an improper fiber‐matrix stress distribution. Therefore, it is aimed to develop sustainable hybrid composites from two dry fiber preforms—woven fabric and short fiber preform—originated from same fiber type (jute). A highly packed short fiber preform is used as the core layer, while woven fabrics (plain/twill–rib/twill–diamond) are used in the skin layers for producing sandwiched hybrid jute composites. Mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy images show that hybridized plain fabric/short fiber preform composites have better mechanical properties (≈58 MPa tensile strength/≈117 MPa flexural strength/≈112.12 kJm−2 impact strength with an ≈487.4% improvement) compared to other fabric structures hybrid/nonhybrid composites. This enhancement is related to the interlocking of short fibers with long plain fabric leading to a strong fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding. Thus, this developed hybrid composites, can be applied in many semi‐structural applications, wherein composites' low cost and mechanical performances are primary concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 12 years‐old, male indigenous dog was presented to Shahedul Alam Qaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH) in Chattogram, Bangladesh with a large tumour on its right front leg. The histopathological findings of the tumour were highly suggestive of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). The tumour was surgically removed from the dog. While there had been no recurrence for 5 months, the patient died 5 months post‐operatively. The cause of the death and presence of metastasis could not be confirmed as follow‐up investigations were declined by the owner. A histopathological study showed poorly differentiated neoplastic mononuclear cells forming nests in an alveolar pattern. Despite that the limited resources prevented myogenin staining for diagnostic confirmation, the well‐contained, defined appearance of the tumour supports the diagnosis of ARMS. This report highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating ARMS in indigenous dogs and emphasizes the need for further research and diagnostic markers to improve detection and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate lung cancer detection is vital for timely diagnosis and treatment. This study evaluates the performance of six convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, ResNet‐50, VGG‐16, ResNet‐101, VGG‐19, DenseNet‐201, and EfficientNet‐B4, using the LIDC‐IDRI dataset. Models were assessed both in their base forms and with transfer learning. The dataset consisted of 460 × 460 × 3 pixel images categorized into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), normal benign, large cell carcinoma (LCC), and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Performance metrics were computed, including accuracy (99.47% for the custom CNN), precision (99.50%), recall (98.37%), AUC (99.98%), and F1‐score (98.98%) during training. However, overfitting was observed in the validation phases. Transfer learning models showed better generalization, with DenseNet‐201 achieving a top validation accuracy of 96.88% and EfficientNet‐B4 of 96.53%. Hyperparameter tuning improved the models' generalization capabilities, maintaining high accuracy while reducing overfitting. This study highlights the effectiveness of transfer learning, particularly DenseNet‐201, in enhancing automated lung cancer detection systems. Future work will focus on expanding datasets and exploring additional augmentation techniques to further refine model performance in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective, facile, trivial, and one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of chromenopyrroles from benzyl alcohols, 2‐hydroxyacetophenones, and methyl/ethyl isocyanoacetate at room temperature in the presence of visible light has been developed. The Ag salt plays an important role in the activation of isocyanoacetate and the cyclization step. Air‐stable and low‐cost Knölker iron complex has been utilized for the dehydrogenation of primary alcohols that would typically require a higher temperature. The established protocol is scalable and has an extensive functional group tolerance, generating good to excellent yields of the chromenopyrroles at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients report symptom improvement but find adjusting to life with the LVAD challenging. These challenges are unique, and existing patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) do not reflect their experiences. This study aimed to develop a culturally relevant quality of life PROM for use with LVAD recipients in future research, design evolutions and clinical practice. Methods: A three‐stage mixed‐methods approach was used to develop a PROM: stage 1 included group concept mapping (GCM); stage 2 semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 LVAD recipients and 10 clinicians, and a questionnaire was developed using a conceptual framework; and stage 3 used exploratory psychometric analysis of the PROM data using Rasch measurement theory. This paper presents stages 2 and 3. Results: The conceptual framework consisted of four key concepts, including general health, life with the LVAD, equipment and clothing and emotional impact. Statements from interviews and GCM were used to create items for the LVAD quality of life (LVAD‐QoL). Cognitive interviews tested face validity and participant comprehension. Forty‐nine participants were recruited from three UK transplant centres. PROM data were collected and analysed using Rasch analysis. Four items displayed misfit; dependency between item sets was the biggest issue (57/485 pairwise differences). After restructuring and dealing with item misfit, the LVAD‐QoL conformed to the Rasch model, supporting the psychometric properties and quality of the LVAD‐QoL. Conclusions: Using a mixed‐methods approach ensured the development of a robust and psychometrically sound tool for research, design evolution and clinical practice with LVAD recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era, a significant amount of research work is focused on eco‐friendly technologies and advanced liquid waste management strategies. Notably, industries primarily textile chemical processing sectors which are inherently involved with a wide array of dye usage, are integral focal points for these transformative endeavors. Against this backdrop, we have successfully synthesized an innovative photocatalyst with a remarkable capability to rapidly neutralize deleterious dyes within an astonishingly brief span of 4–6 minutes, facilitated by exposure to UV‐visible irradiation. Briefly, our approach entails the hydrothermal synthesis of a composite material based on zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) nanoparticles integrated with the copper‐decorated metal‐organic framework (ZnSnO3@H3BTC‐Cu MOF). The resulting material is endowed with a crystalline and porous architecture that confers a specific surface area measuring 437.25 m2 g−1, a value surpassing that of unadorned nano‐ZnSnO3 by a factor of approximately 15 (29.11 m2 g−1). Noteworthy beyond its enhanced surface features, the newly synthesized ZnSnO3@H3BTC−Cu MOF exhibits remarkable antibacterial efficacy against gram‐positive S. aureus and gram‐negative E. coli bacterial strains. It might also be considered a stable photocatalyst to be used in wastewater treatment, as evidenced by the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroportin (FPN) is a transmembrane protein and is the only known iron exporter that helps in maintaining iron homeostasis in vertebrates. To maintain stable iron equilibrium in the body, ferroportin works in conjunction with a peptide called hepcidin. In this study, we have identified an alternatively spliced novel isoform of the human SLC40A1 gene, which encodes for the FPN protein and is found to be expressed in different tissues. The novel transcript has an alternate last exon and encodes 31‐amino acid long peptide sequence that replaces 104 amino acids at C‐terminal in the novel transcript. Molecular modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies revealed key structural features of the novel isoform (FPN‐N). FPN‐N was predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains similar to the reported isoform (FPN), despite being much smaller in size. FPN‐N was found to interact with hepcidin, a key regulator of ferroportin activity. Also, the iron‐binding sites were retained in the novel isoform as revealed by the MD simulation of FPN‐N in bilipid membrane. The novel isoform identified in this study may play important role in iron homeostasis. However, further studies are required to characterize the FPN‐N isoform and decipher its role inside the cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quick and accurate diagnosis of COVID‐19 is crucial in preventing its transmission. Chest X‐ray (CXR) imaging is often used for diagnosis, however, even experienced radiologists may misinterpret the results, necessitating computer‐aided diagnosis. Deep learning has yielded favourable results previously, but overfitting, excessive variance, and generalization errors may occur due to noise and limited datasets. Ensemble learning can improve predictions by using robust techniques. Therefore, this study, proposes two‐fold strategy that combines advanced and robust algorithms, including DenseNet201, EfficientNetB7, and Xception, to achieve faster and more accurate COVID‐19 detection. Segmented lung images were generated from CXR images using the residual U‐Net model, and two attention‐based ensemble neural networks were used for classification. The COVID‐19 radiography dataset was used to evaluate the proposed approach, which achieved an accuracy of 98.21%, 93.4%, and 89.06% for two, three, and four classes respectively which outperformed previous studies by a significant margin considering COVID, viral pneumonia, and lung opacity simultaneously. Despite the similarity in CXR images of COVID, pneumonia, and lung opacity, the proposed approach achieved 89.06% accuracy, demonstrating its ability to recognize distinguishable features. The developed algorithm is expected to have applications in clinics for diagnosing different diseases using X‐ray images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication with hand gestures plays a significant role in human‐computer interaction by providing an intuitive and natural way for humans to communicate with machines. Ultrasound‐based devices have shown promising results in contactless hand gesture recognition without requiring physical contact. However, it is challenging to fabricate a densely packed wearable ultrasound array. Here, a stretchable ultrasound array is demonstrated with closely packed transducer elements fabricated using surface charge engineering between pre‐charged 1–3 Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) composite and thin polyimide film without using a microscope. The array exhibits excellent ultrasound properties with a wide bandwidth (≈57.1%) and high electromechanical coefficient (≈0.75). The ultrasound array can decipher gestures up to 10 cm in distance by using a contactless triboelectric module and identify materials from the time constant of the exponentially decaying impedance based on their triboelectric properties by utilizing the electrostatic induction phase. The newly proposed metric of the areal‐time constant is material‐specific and decreases monotonically from a highly positive human body (1.13 m2 s) to negatively charged polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (0.02 m2 s) in the triboelectric series. The capability of the closely packed ultrasound array to detect material along with hand gesture interpretation provides an additional dimension in the next‐generation human‐robot interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a globally recognized public health concern, yet research focusing on women in urban areas of Bangladesh remains unexplored. This study aimed to address this research gap by investigating the prevalence and associated factors of PPD within the first 2 years after childbirth. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted, enrolling 259 women (26.66 ± 4.57 years) residing in urban areas who were attending healthcare delivery centers. Sociodemographic factors, child‐related issues, pregnancy‐related complications, and PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used for data collection. Data analysis involved the application of χ2 tests and logistic regression analysis using SPSS software. Results: This study found a 60.6% prevalence of PPD using a cutoff of 10 (out of 30) on the EPDS scale. Logistic regression analysis identified several significant factors associated with PPD, including high monthly family income (odds ratio [OR] = 47.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.34–270.54, p < 0.001), income dissatisfaction (OR = 14.28, 95% CI: 4.75–42.87, p < 0.001), up to two gravidities (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.25–6.90, p = 0.013), pregnancy‐related complications (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.05–6.96, p = 0.039), increased antenatal care visits, and higher childbirth expenses. Conclusion: This study underscores the high prevalence of PPD among urban mothers in Bangladesh. The identified risk factors emphasize the need for targeted mental health initiatives, specifically tailored to support the vulnerable group. Implementing such initiatives can effectively address the challenges posed by PPD and enhance the well‐being of postpartum women in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective, green, mild, and metal‐free hypervalent iodine‐mediated approach for the synthesis of pyrroloquinolinediones from ortho‐carbonyl anilines and maleimides in a one‐pot manner at room temperature has been developed. This proposed protocol can synthesize biologically active pyrroloquinolinediones in a one‐pot manner utilizing readily available starting materials. This protocol generates H2O as the only by‐product during the reaction and shows a high atom economy. Operational simplicity, moderate reaction conditions, high atom economy, and high yield are some key features of this protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor oral health is common among older adults residing in care homes impacting their diet, quality of life, self‐esteem, general health and well‐being. The care home setting is complex and many factors may affect the successful implementation of oral care interventions. Exploring these factors and their embedded context is key to understanding how and why interventions may or may not be successfully implemented within their intended setting. Objectives: This methodology paper describes the approach to a theoretically informed process evaluation alongside a pragmatic randomised controlled trial, so as to understand contextual factors, how the intervention was implemented and important elements that may influence the pathways to impact. Materials and methods: SENIOR is a pragmatic randomised controlled trial designed to improve the oral health of care home residents in the United Kingdom. The trial uses a complex intervention to promote and provide oral care for residents, including education and training for staff. Results: An embedded, theoretically informed process evaluation, drawing on the PAHRIS framework and utilising a qualitative approach, will help to understand the important contextual factors within the care home that influence both the trial processes and the implementation of the intervention. Conclusion: Utilising an implementation framework as the basis for a theoretically informed process evaluation provides an approach that specifically focuses on the contextual factors that may influence and shape the pathways to impact a given complex intervention a priori, while also providing an understanding of how and why an intervention may be effective. This contrasts with the more common post hoc approach that only focuses on implementation after the empirical results have emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Factors influencing parasitosis in cattle in Bangladesh remain inadequately explored, necessitating a comprehensive investigation for interventions and sustainable livestock farming. Objectives: We conducted this study to estimate the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites, exploring their intricate relationship with farm management practices across a spectrum of small‐, medium‐, and large‐scale commercial farms. Methods: We conducted this study in the Chattogram district of Bangladesh. We collected a total of 189 freshly voided faecal samples from different farms. We recorded the age, breed, milking status, sex, body condition score, and anthelmintic use history of the sampled animals. We processed the samples using the direct smear method, with the identification of one egg per sample being considered positive. Results: We estimated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection in large‐scale (52.1%), medium‐scale (54.5%), and small‐scale farms (70.0%), with statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Both pregnant and lactating cows, as well as indigenous cattle, were more likely to have gastrointestinal parasites (p ≤ 0.05). The predominant parasites across farms of all sizes were trematodes (Paramphistomum spp. and Schistosomas spp.) and protozoa (Balantidium coli and Coccidia spp.). Conclusion: Poor farm management practices, such as no pasture management and inadequate deworming regimens, may contribute to the elevated prevalence and infection load observed on small‐scale farms. The increased parasitosis in previously dewormed animals can be attributed to the development of anthelmintic resistance against gastrointestinal parasites. Implementing proper and effective deworming strategies is crucial to preventing gastrointestinal parasitosis and mitigating the risk of anthelmintic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long‐distance pipeline transportation of heavy crudes demands optimal pumping procedures to abate overhead expenditures in the midstream phase. This can be facilitated by reducing both the oil viscosity and the frictional losses induced by the turbulent flow zone. The dualistic approach of reducing both viscosity and drag requires the optimization of several parameters such as concentrations and types of diluents and additives. This manuscript critically reviews various technologies being undertaken to facilitate the pipeline transportation of heavy crude oils by highlighting the technique of dilution coupled with the addition of drag reducing agents (DRA). DRA such as surfactants, nanoparticles, bio‐additives, polymers, and fibres are blended with the diluted crudes to suppress the proliferation of turbulent eddies which in turn assist in pumping the oil at a higher flow rate under constant pressure conditions. Several investigations have reported that drag reduction is significantly enhanced by varying the molecular structure of the DRA. In addition, an optimum flow rate coupled with a specific surfactant concentration at an ideal temperature can significantly reduce head losses and pumping expenditures. Further research is imperative to study the effect of the polymer structure with respect to the induced shear degradation and dissolution behavior of the crude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although increasing efforts have been devoted to the development of non‐invasive wearable electrochemical sweat sensors for monitoring physiological and metabolic information, most of them still suffer from poor stability and specificity over time and fluctuating temperatures. This study reports the design and fabrication of a long‐term stable and highly sensitive flexible electrochemical sensor based on nanocomposite‐modified porous graphene by facile laser treatment for detecting biomarkers such as glucose in sweat. The laser‐reduced and patterned stable conductive nanocomposite on the porous graphene electrode provides the resulting glucose sensor with an excellent sensitivity of 1317.69 µA mm−1 cm−2 and an ultra‐low limit of detection of 0.079 µm. The sensor can also detect pH and exhibit extraordinary stability to maintain more than 91% sensitivity over 21 days in ambient conditions. Taken together with a temperature sensor based on the same material system, the dual glucose and pH sensor integrated with a flexible microfluidic sweat sampling network further results in accurate continuous on‐body glucose detection calibrated by the simultaneously measured pH and temperature. The low‐cost, highly sensitive, and long‐term stable platform could facilitate the early identification and continuous monitoring of different biomarkers for non‐invasive disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary researchers are directing attention towards enhancing the structural integrity of biodegradable matrices, such as polylactic acid (PLA), through the incorporation of plant fibers. The utilization of novel fibers is becoming more prevalent to achieve the specific demands of composite applications, particularly in the automotive and packaging fields. Woven fabrics are commonly favored for reinforcing composites due to their elevated specific strength and dimensional stability. In pursuit of this context, we have developed a unique woven fabric using 100% okra fiber and utilized it in the production of PLA biocomposites. This approach was made due to the unexplored potential of okra woven fabric in the field of composite manufacturing. To optimize the performance of the composites, three distinct weight proportions of okra woven fabric (OWF) were chosen, including 20%, 30%, and 40%. The obtained composites were mechanically, morphologically, and thermally characterized. The manufactured composite's maximum tensile and thermal property was attained by adding 20% OWF to the PLA. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that 20% OWF composite possessed superior fiber‐matrix adhesion, improving all properties' efficacy. The overall findings reveal that the OWF/PLA composites are promising as a green material for applications in the automotive and packaging industries. Highlights: A novel class of composite has been created using 100% okra woven fabric.The composite with 20% fabric content showed the best mechanical properties.Thermal properties of composites are also optimized using 20% fabric content.SEM confirms the strong fiber‐matrix bonding of 20% OWF/PLA composites.The composites are suitable for automotive and packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The failure to resolve inflammation underpins to several prevalent diseases, like atherosclerosis, and so identifying ways to boost resolution is unmet clinical needs. The resolution of inflammation is governed by several factors such as specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs) that counter‐regulate pro‐inflammatory pathways and promote tissue repair without compromising host defense. A major function of nearly all SPMs is to enhance the clearance of dead cells or efferocytosis. As such, phagocytes, such as macrophages, are essential cellular players in the resolution of inflammation because of their ability to rapidly and efficiently clear dead cells. This review highlights the role of SPMs in the clearance of apoptotic and necroptotic cells and offers insights into how targeting efferocytosis may provide new treatments for non‐resolving diseases, like atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NeoMTA is a commercially available tricalcium silicate‐based cement intended for contact with pulp and periradicular tissues. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of non‐surgical root canal treatments with NeoMTA obturations. Patients were treated in a private endodontic practice between 2015 and 2018. All cases, including initial treatments and retreatments, were either fully obturated with NeoMTA, or using gutta‐percha with NeoMTA as an endodontic sealer. Outcomes were assessed using follow‐up examination data with digital periapical radiographs with a minimum of a 1‐year recall. Teeth were classified based on the clinical examination as: healed/healing (success), or non‐healed (failure). 265 teeth were included with an average follow‐up time of 1.3 years. The overall success rate was 91.7%. Only the presence of a pre‐operative periapical radiolucency was found to significantly affect success. Comparison of obturation techniques demonstrated no effect on outcomes. NeoMTA is suitable for endodontic obturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World population growth and increased energy demand are taking a heavy toll on the environment. Aside from developed countries, the adverse effects are far more apparent in third‐world countries, which are also affected by climate change, pollution, and fuel scarcity. One of the primary solutions to this challenge is the implementation of cleaner and more sustainable energy resources. Building scale renewable integration is one of the solutions included in hybrid energy systems. The article aims to design a grid‐tied hybrid energy system for a residential complex in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The design includes several combinations of the photovoltaic system, diesel generator, and battery energy storage system (BESS). The key objectives of the analysis are to minimize system costs, reduce grid dependency, and reduce emissions. Various models were simulated in Hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER Pro) to obtain a suitable system with maximum renewable usage. Several systems were compared based on different parameters such as net present cost (NPC), operating cost, cost of energy (COE), and carbon emissions. A grid‐tied system with PV and lithium battery storage was found to be the most suitable system for powering the residential load. From the analysis, the preferred system can reduce COE by 53%, NPC by 26%, and operating costs by 54%. Also, the total emission is reduced by 31%. Aside from being cost‐effective, the proposed system is also convenient and sustainable, with fewer salvageable parts owing to its use of lithium‐based BESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the limited technical properties of their native forms, oils and fats are frequently blended to achieve the desired textural and oxidative properties. In this study, canola and palm oil blends were prepared in nine different proportions: B1 (90 : 10), B2 (80 : 20), B3 (70 : 30), B4 (60 : 40), B5 (50 : 50), B6 (40 : 60), B7 (30 : 70), B8 (20 : 80), and B9 (10 : 90). Pure palm oil (PO) and canola oil (CO) were used as the controls. All blends were assessed for physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, heat treatment, and polymer content. The results indicated negative cold tests only for B1 and B2 blends with 10 and 20% PO, respectively. Iodine value decreased with increasing palm oil concentration and was lowest (62.03 ± 0.526) for blend B9, i.e., 90% PO. The fatty acid profile indicated more saturated fatty acids and a higher percentage of oleic acid in PO than in CO. The fatty acid profile values of blends B1–B9 were between those of the pure PO and CO. Linoleic and linolenic acids were more in blends B1–B9 than those in pure PO. The polymer content of PO (7.17%) was found to be lower than that of CO (10.32%) after 60 h of heating at 180°C. In addition, biologically active substances (BASs), which could be formed during the frying process, were tested by measuring the inhibition zone of E. coli growth. PO retarded BAS formation. The blended palm or canola oils resulted in better stability and increased organoleptic characteristics and hence can be suitable as economical and healthy alternatives to pure palm or canola oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 5‐arylidene‐2,4‐thiazolidinediones were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation and evaluated for their anti‐leishmanial activity against L. donovani promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Among the compounds tested, three were the most active, with IC50 values of 0.82–1.42 μM against L. donovani promastigotes and 0.69–1.19 μM against L. donovani amastigote. (Z)‐5‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione was the most prominent among all the tested compounds and demonstrated better anti‐leishmanial properties when compared to the standard drug miltefosine (1.26 μM against L. donovani promastigotes and 1.17 μM against L. donovani amastigotes). It was insignificantly toxic compared to the standard miltefosine in THP‐1 human monocytic cells. It was further evaluated for its in vitro cysteine protease (papain) inhibitory activity using Z‐RR‐AMC fluorogenic peptide substrate. It demonstrated promising inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 3.42 μM. In silico docking studies also supported that the (Z)‐5‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione is bound to cysteine protease proteins′ catalytic active binding site. Anti‐leishmanial properties of this class of compounds have been evaluated for the first time, and (Z)‐5‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione emerged as a lead molecule from the library of compounds tested. This may serve as a template for further drug discovery in Leishmania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding disease clustering and transmission patterns improves the prevention and control of disease. Herein, we described the epizootic characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics of High Pathogenicity Avian In3uenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks as well as clade diversity and phylodynamics of H5N1 over time and across host species in Bangladesh. We used Moran's I, Geary's C, Getis-Ord Gi_, and a space-time permutation model to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of H5N1 outbreaks. We used Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to generate a time-scaled maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree. Our study revealed nine HPAI H5N1 epizootic waves between 2007 and 2020 that invariably peaked in the wintertime. After vaccination of poultry against H5N1 was introduced in 2012, the incidence of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks and poultry mortality decreased signi>cantly over time. Nonetheless, our research revealed that the virus continued circulating unabatedly in Bangladesh. +e various spatiotemporal analyses were identi>ed up to nine space-time clusters across Bangladesh, with the most signi>cant clustering and hotspots of H5N1 outbreaks in and around the district of Dhaka. Since 2007, four H5N1 clades have been detected in Bangladesh, with only clade 2.3.2.1a continuing to circulate since 2011, which was followed up by the reassorted clade 2.3.2.1a in 2012. +e HA gene of the H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1a has been reassorted into at least nine subgroups (R1-R9). After 2016, the >rst eight groups disappeared, with only the R9 group remaining. Spatiotemporal patterns and phylodynamics of H5N1 outbreaks are crucial for developing targeted and appropriate HPAI control and prevention measures. We recommended intensive monitoring of biosecurity measures and disease records in high-priority areas, along with assessing vaccine eBcacy to better control HPAI outbreaks in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textbooks are one of the areas in which gender inequality is institutionalized effortlessly. The study investigated the representation of gender in primary and secondary English textbooks. A total of 14 categories of underrepresentation and misrepresentation were used to examine gender portrayal. The results show that women are significantly underrepresented whilst men are overrepresented in text and illustrations. Female names account for only 30.4% of names in textbooks. Male characters precede female characters in most coordinated phrases, and most of the dialogues are initiated by men. Masculine generic forms are used to refer to women and men including in the English translation of the Afghanistan National Anthem. Men are more frequently portrayed in a myriad of social roles than women are. Surprisingly, this pattern also holds true for domestic roles. Furthermore, little space is dedicated to female famous persons (e.g., scientists), and women constitute a tiny fraction of the main characters of articles and stories, most of which were about trivial matters (e.g., cooking). They are portrayed in a small number of activities, almost a quarter of which are house‐related tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, environmentally benign and one‐pot approach for the synthesis of 2‐arylimino‐2H‐chromenes from 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols and β‐ketothioamides at room temperature under visible light has been developed. The reported reaction conditions were favorable for a wide range of β‐ketothioamides afforded good to excellent yields of the respective products. The low cost and air stable Knölker iron catalyst has been employed for the dehydrogenation of 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols under photolysis that would usually require a higher temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endosalpingiosis is a pathologic phenomenon in which non‐neoplastic fallopian tube epithelium implants in ectopic locations. It is an uncommon and poorly understood condition, with most cases occurring within the abdominopelvic cavity. Cutaneous presentations of endosalpingiosis are even more rare, with only six cases described in international literature to‐date. This report describes an additional case of cutaneous endosalpingiosis. The lesion arose within the scar tissue of a Pfannenstiel incision from 4 years prior in a 24‐year old, previously healthy African American female. Punch biopsy of the lesion revealed a cystic mass lined by PAX8+ ciliated columnar cells and a surrounding fibrotic stroma with focal CD10‐positivity, consistent with a histopathologic diagnosis of endosalpingiosis. In addition, this report provides a comprehensive review of the other documented cases of cutaneous endosalpingiosis, as well as the proposed pathogenesis, histopathologic and clinical features, and potential treatment avenues for this unique clinical entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Acetylated‐based starches are broadly used in the food industry as emulsifiers, and as thickening and film‐forming agents. Better understanding of the structural and rheological parameters would facilitate the selection of optimal acetylated starches for particular applications. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and rheological properties, including elasticity (G'), loss (G") moduli, complex viscosity (η*) and study shear stress (δ), were determined for acetylated fox nut starch (FNS) samples. RESULTS: The degree of substitution (DS) varied significantly with increasing acetyl concentration from 2–6%. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of acetylated FNS showed an additional chemical shift at 2.08 ppm in comparison with native FNS, confirming the linking of the H or the –OCH3 group. The acetylated FNS starches showed better short‐range ordering of molecules, as confirmed by FTIR. A significant increase in the functional and gelatinization properties with increasing acetyl concentration was observed. The power law parameters (n, K) and dynamic moduli (G' and G") increased with increasing acetyl concentration and presented shear thinning behavior. The gelatinization peak temperature and enthalpy decreased with increasing acetyl concentration. CONCLUSION: The observed DS below 2.5 would mean safe food consumption and the significant alteration of functional and structural properties with varying acetyl content will extend the use of FNS in food and allied industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The study investigated the influence of ultrasonication and enzymatic hydrolysis on emulsifying properties of Seabuckthorn seed protein concentrate (SSPC). Sonication was done at 24 kHz (50% amplitude) for different time combinations (15, 45 and 75 min), and enzymatic hydrolysis of SSPC was done using pepsin, trypsin and protamex, resulting in different SSPC emulsions. All the emulsions were characterised to ascertain the particle size distribution, pH stability, temperature stability and rheology. Hydrolysed SSPC was also characterised for the respective degree of hydrolysis by pepsin, trypsin and protamex. The pepsin revealed the highest degree of hydrolysis among the proteases, followed by trypsin and protamex. The ultrasonicated SSPC and SSPC hydrolysate emulsions showed unimodal particle size distribution except for pepsin hydrolysate emulsions which showed bimodal size distribution of particles. The variation in pH from 2 to 5 increased the particle size, while at higher pH (7–10), the particle size decreased for all the emulsions. The increase in temperature from 25°C to 85 °C increased the droplet size of all the emulsions except for protamex at 75 min, which showed a relatively smaller droplet size than other proteases. All the emulsions displayed shear thinning behaviour, however, the pepsin‐treated emulsions showed the highest consistency index and K‐value. The resulting ultrasonicated and different protease‐treated SSPC emulsions can be suitable green and nontoxic alternatives to synthetic emulsifiers used in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atypical presentations may be presented with the common symptoms in Dengue. We, hereby, present a case of Dengue who was admitted in our hospital with the complaints of fever, upper abdominal pain, and vomiting, literally diagnosed as a case of acute pancreatitis. Many of the Dengue patients may present with the atypical features during epidemic stage. The physician should broaden their eyes to make the actual diagnosis and save the critical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wasting develops over a short period and can be reversed with short‐term interventions. The prevalence of wasting typically varies from season to season—becoming higher during the monsoon (June to September) season as compared to the winter (October to January) and summer (February to May) seasons every year in a cyclical fashion. However, to the best of our knowledge, using nationally representative demographic surveys to extensively study the impact of the timing of the survey on the results and trends around wasting has not been done so far. Objectives: The goal of this study is to ascertain whether seasonality has an impact on the trend and levels of wasting between NFHS‐3 (2005–2006) and NFHS‐5 (2019–2021). Methods: The analysis was based on data on 51,555, 259,627, and 232,920 children under 5 years included in NFHS‐3, NFHS‐4, and NFHS‐5 respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and the predicted probabilities approach were employed to examine the effect of the months of interview on the prevalence of wasting. The analysis was conducted for 9 states of India which had data for comparable months to compute wasting levels. Results: We found that at the national level, wasting increased in India by one per cent from NFHS‐3 to NFHS‐4 but declined by 2% from NFHS‐4 to NFHS‐5. The results show that seasonality significantly influenced the prevalence of wasting. It was observed that compared to January, the odds of wasting were particularly higher in summer and monsoon seasons, especially in the month of August across all three rounds, indicating the influence of seasonality in the prevalence of wasting in the country. Discussion: The prevalence of wasting in India needs to be interpreted across seasonal changes as seasonality affects many of the variables intrinsically related to child health and nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The increasing interest in renewable and sustainable energy production as a means of attaining net‐zero carbon emissions in the near future has spurred research attention in the development of fuel cells that convert chemical energy to electrical energy. In this study machine learning algorithms namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression, Regression Trees, and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) were configured for modeling the effect of palladium supported on carbon nanotube used for formic acid electro‐oxidation. The effect of process parameters such as the amount of palladium, the amount of sodium tetrahydridoborate (NaBH4), amount of water, and the electro‐oxidation reaction time on the formic acid electro‐oxidation to generate current density was evaluated by the various models. The trained SVM regressions models incorporated with linear, quadratic, cubic, and fine Gaussian kernel functions, as well as the Boosted and the Bagged regression Trees, did not show impressive performance as indicated by a low coefficient of determination (R2) < 0.5 and high prediction errors. However, the SVM regression modeled with Median Gaussian kernel function, the GPR incorporated with rotational quadratic and squared exponential kernel functions displayed higher performance with R2 > 0.6 but less than 0.7. The optimization of the SVM, Ensemble Tree, and GPR models resulted in significant performance with R2 of 0.82, 0.83, and 0.85, respectively. The sensitivity analysis using modified Garson algorithm to determine how each of these parameters influences the predicted current density from the direct formic acid fuel cells showed that the level of importance of the input parameters on the predicted current density can be ranked as Pd composition > electro‐oxidation time > amount of water > NaBH4 proportion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, floods as dynamic hydraulic hazard have caused widespread damages to both socioeconomic conditions and environment at various scales. Managing flood and management of water resource is a global challenge under the changing climatic condition. This study assessed flood susceptibility in the Bhagirathi sub‐basin, India using entropy information theory and geospatial technology. Twelve flood susceptibility parameters such as land use/land cover, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), slope, elevation, geology, geomorphology, normalized difference water index (NDWI), soil, drainage density, average rainfall, maximum temperature, and humidity during monsoon season were utilized to examine flood susceptibility. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Leave‐One‐Out Cross‐Validation (LOOCV) techniques were carried out to validate flood susceptibility map. Kappa statistics was also used to check the reliability of the flood susceptibility model. Findings of the study revealed that nearly 45% area of the sub‐basin was highly susceptible to flood followed by moderate (29.3%), very high (19%), low (6.9%), and very low (0.2%). These findings also revealed that nearly 92% area in the eastern, north‐eastern, and deltaic sub‐basin was susceptible to floods. ROC analysis indicated high success (0.932) and prediction (0.903) rates for the susceptibility map while LOOCV (R2 being 0.97) and Kappa (k = 0.934) have shown substantial prediction of the model. Hence, the susceptibility maps are useful for the local planners and government organization in designing the early flood warning system, and reducing the human and economic losses. The methodology used in this study is applicable for analyzing flood susceptibility at spatial scales in similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health and environmental hazards related to high pollution concentrations have become a serious issue from public policy perspectives and human health. Using Machine Learning (ML) approach, this research aims to improve the estimation of grid‐wise PM2.5, a criteria pollutant, by reducing systematic bias from speciation provided by MERRA‐from the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA‐2). The ML model was trained using various meteorological parameters and aerosol species simulated by MERRA‐2 and ground measurements from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air quality system stations. The ML approach significantly improved performance and reduced mean bias in the 0–10 μg m−3 range. We also used the Random Forest ML model for each EPA region using 1 year of collocated data sets. The resulting ML models for each EPA region were validated, and the aggregate data set has a Spearman Rank correlation (SR) of 0.73 (RMSE = 4.8 μg m−3) and 0.69 (RMSE = 5.8 μg m−3) for training and testing, respectively. The SR (and RMSE in μg m−3) increased to 0.81 (3.9), 0.89 (1.6), and 0.90 (1.1) for daily, monthly, and yearly averages, respectively. The results from the initial implementation of the ML model for the global region are encouraging. Still, they require more research and development to overcome challenges associated with data gaps in many parts of the world. Plain Language Summary: PM2.5 is one of the most critical pollutants monitored globally since it is a serious health and environmental hazard. Monitoring of PM2.5 helps understand the air quality and provides advisory to the public. This advisory becomes more critical in the scenarios of natural or anthropogenic events where there is a sudden increase in its concentration. Although a ground‐based monitor can detect a high pollution episode, its spatial extent is limited. Numerical model outputs like Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA‐2) reasonably estimate various meteorology and aerosol fields to understand the spatial distribution. However, coarse resolution and averaging large grid boxes result in certain uncertainties, leading to biases. In this study, we implemented a machine learning model to better estimate PM2.5 at the grid level using MERRA‐2 as a base model. The developed machine learning model estimated the PM2.5 with good accuracy and low biases. Key Points: Machine learning (ML) model to estimate grid‐wise PM2.5 from Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 meteorology and aerosols was developedML model was successful in estimating PM2.5 when compared with surface measurementsRegional ML models performed better than the overall ML model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The importance of healthy foods has widely grown with consumers' rising demand and is an excellent area of interest for the food industry to improve global health status and provide sustainable economic prosperity. Fruit juices are immunity‐boosting foods loaded with bio‐actives, offering functional and physiological benefits. While fruit juice processing is a crucial determiner of juice quality, the employed technologies should meet the global sustainable development goals. This fact has elevated the emergence of innovative minimal‐processing techniques. These technologies aim at retaining phytochemicals and nutrients while destroying pathogenic microorganisms and deactivating enzymatic activity, thereby extending the shelf‐life of fruit juices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exact origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and source of introduction into humans has not been established yet, though it might be originated from animals. Therefore, we conducted a study to understand the putative reservoirs, transmission dynamics, and susceptibility patterns of SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals. Rhinolophus bats are presumed to be natural progenitors of SARS‐CoV‐2‐related viruses. Initially, pangolin was thought to be the source of spillover to humans, but they might be infected by human or other animal species. So, the virus spillover pathways to humans remain unknown. Human‐to‐animal transmission has been testified in pet, farmed, zoo and free‐ranging wild animals. Infected animals can transmit the virus to other animals in natural settings like mink‐to‐mink and mink‐to‐cat transmission. Animal‐to‐human transmission is not a persistent pathway, while mink‐to‐human transmission continues to be illuminated. Multiple companions and captive wild animals were infected by an emerging alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7 lineage) whereas Asiatic lions were infected by delta variant, (B.1.617.2). To date, multiple animal species – cat, ferrets, non‐human primates, hamsters and bats – showed high susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the experimental condition, while swine, poultry, cattle showed no susceptibility. The founding of SARS‐CoV‐2 in wild animal reservoirs can confront the control of the virus in humans and might carry a risk to the welfare and conservation of wildlife as well. We suggest vaccinating pets and captive animals to stop spillovers and spillback events. We recommend sustainable One Health surveillance at the animal–human–environmental interface to detect and prevent future epidemics and pandemics by Disease X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection is essential in a video surveillance system. To recognize an item in a movie, we first examine each picture pixel by pixel. The Secure Data Deduplication system in segmentation is the process of separating distinct picture components into pixels in digital image processing. The performance of segmentation is influenced by irregular and/or poor lighting. These characteristics have a significant impact on the video surveillance system's real-time object detection process. A multikey management system based on a modified ResNet model is presented in this research (M-ResNet). Cyber security is a suggested algorithm application that is used to improve images that are influenced by a lack of light. The experimental findings reveal a significant improvement in detecting objects in the video stream as compared to the present technique output and modification architecture of the ResNet model. The suggested model achieves superior results in measures like precision, recall, and pixel accuracy, as well as a decent increase in object recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease is the neuro disorder which characterized by means of Amyloid– β (A β) in brain. However, accurate detection of this disease is a challenging task since the pathological issues of brain are complex in identification. In this paper, the changes associated with the retinal imaging for Alzheimer's disease are classified into two classes such as wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice model (TMM). For testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT) images are used to classify into two groups. The classification is implemented by support vector machines with the optimum kernel selection using a genetic algorithm. Among several kernel functions of SVM, the radial basis kernel function provides the better classification result. In order to deal with an effective classification using SVM, texture features of retinal images are extracted and selected. The overall accuracy reached 92% and 91% of precision for the classification of transgenic mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is an essential primary food crop in the world, and it plays a significant part in the country's economy. It is the most often eaten stable food and is in great demand in the market as the world's population continues to expand. Rice output should be boosted to fulfil the growing demand. As a result, the yield of plant crops diminishes, creating an environment conducive to the spread of infectious illnesses. To boost the production of agricultural fields, it is necessary to remove plant diseases from the environment. This study presents ways for recognising three types of rice plant diseases, as well as a healthy leaf, in rice plants. This includes image capture, image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification of three rice plant illnesses, as well as classification of a healthy leaf, among other techniques. Following the K-means segmentation, the features are extracted utilising three criteria, which are colour, shape, and texture, to generate a final product. Colour, shape, and texture are the parameters used in the extraction of the features. It is proposed that a novel intensity-based technique is used to retrieve colour features from the infected section, whereas the form parameters of the infected section, such as the area and diameter, and the texture characteristics of the infected section are extracted using a grey-level co-occurrence matrix. The colour features are retrieved depending on the characteristics of the features. All three previous techniques were surpassed by the proposed fuzzy logic-based probabilistic neural network on a range of performance metrics, with the new network obtaining greater accuracy. Finally, the result is validated using the fivefold cross-validation method, with the final accuracy for the diseases such as bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, healthy leaf, and rice blast being 95.20 percent, 97.60 percent, 99.20 percent, and 98.40 percent, respectively, and 95.40 percent for the disease brown spot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of their natural capacity to recover harmonic current and reactive power from alternating current sources, power electronic devices utilized in conjunction with nonlinear loads have the potential to generate significant harmonic problems within the power system when employed in this way. When this occurs, voltage instability occurs, which must be avoided in order to maintain the consistency and dependability of the power system's power flow. With this approach, the series controller has been replaced by a multilevel modular controller in order to improve power handling capability and achieve higher modular levels with minimal distortions. The shunt compensator is the most effective way to achieve an extremely protected energy system as well as righteous steadiness in electric potential difference under a variety of load constraints. The DQ thesis is employed in this proposed converter to separate the harmonic components by establishing reference frame current, which is accomplished by machine learning techniques. As part of the constant mode operation, the PI controller contributes to maintaining the direct current-potential difference, which is given to the PWM generator. Optimization of the values of K p and K i is accomplished by the use of particle swarm optimization (PSO). The construction of this power system simulation model has been made feasible by the use of time-fluctuating characteristics modeling and the MATLAB programming environment. The new (unified power flow controller) UPFC research that has been made available is persuasive in its capacity to reduce distortions and watt-less power components while simultaneously enhancing efficiency and reducing costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop a deep learning model using back propagation neural network (BPNN) that helps to obtain maximum power point. This deep learning model aims to maximise the output power from the solar grids when the panels are connected with the boost converter under different variable load conditions. BPNN-DL enables the prediction of reference voltage at different weather conditions for severing the various output power that ensures maximum power with stable output voltage. The proposed BPNN-DL is tested under different conditions to estimate the robustness of the modules under internal/external interferences. The results of the simulation show that the proposed method achieves maximum output power from each panel compared with existing methods in terms of regression analysis on training, testing, and validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of three very well‐known bile salts namely sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium taurocholate (NaTC) with cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) have been investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The change in heat during the titration was recorded using microcal ITC200, from which several important thermodynamic parameters of the complexation process like enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy were obtained with very good precision. The ITC measurement showed that CB7 formed the complex with all the three bile salts at 1 : 1 stoichiometry but with a different binding affinity. The binding affinity of CB7 with the studied bile salts was found to be in the following order NaDC>NaC>NaTC. The overall investigation recommended that the complexation of bile salts with CB7 was highly influenced by both the degree of hydroxylation of bile salt and conjugation in bile salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biomedical survey reports edible plant Aegle marmelos has been utilized for centuries by tribal communities in India as a dietary supplement for the management of diabetes. Herein, we have investigated cytotoxicity, cytoprotective and antidiabetic activity of characterized alkaloid‐free hydroalcoholic extract of A. marmelos (AFEAM; 200 and 400 mg/kg). Identification of polyphenols and quantification of major compounds were done using UPLC‐MS and HPTLC, respectively. AFEAM showed good cytocompatibility and cytoprotective potential against oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia in HepG2 cells. The AFEAM intake had significantly ameliorated the serum blood glucose level, state of dyslipidemia, level of pro‐inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐1β), and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde) status in diabetic mice. Histological examination of the treated groups showed amelioration of damaged pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues. Conclusively, AFEAM intake might be promising dietary supplements for prediabetics as well as an adjuvant to modern treatment in diabetics. Practical applications: Different reports have been published on Aegle marmelos but as per our understanding till date, no study has been reported on the amelioration of diabetes due to alkaloid free hydroalcoholic extract of A. marmelos /polyphenolic content in the animal model. The result of this study indicated that A. marmelos supplementation effectively ameliorates diabetes through the restoration of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory status. This study has collated sufficient scientific evidence for the dietary application of A. marmelos in society especially for prediabetics, however, it can also be used as an adjuvant to modern treatments in diabetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study was designed to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracts of beetroot by using beetroot energy drink and flavored milk (products). Material & Methods. This experimental trial was conducted at Jinnah University for Women, Pakistan, under the approval of local institutional review board number JUW/DFST/RCB010/2020. All the materials such as beetroot, carrot, cucumber, and lemon were obtained commercially from which two products were formulated: beetroot energy drink (sample1) and flavored milk (sample 2). These formulated products were evaluated for quality analysis (pH and brix), phytochemical screening using the Keller-Kiliani test, Salkowski's test, Alkaline reagent test, lead acetate test, ferric chloride test, protein test, quantitative test of phenol, antioxidant activity, sensory analysis, and shelf life study. The paired t -test was applied to detect significant differences between two samples. Results. The phytochemical analysis revealed that cardiac glycosides, phytosterol, flavonoids, and terpenoids were found in both energy booster drink (EBD) and flavored milk (FM) except phenolic compounds that were found only in EBD. The antioxidant capacity of beetroot juice was far greater than FM. The statistical sensorial analysis of FM and EBD reported a significant mean difference between most of the groups with p < 0.0001. Conclusion. This study concludes that energy drinks having beetroot indicated higher antioxidant capacity than flavored milk. The nutraceutical products (energy booster drink and flavored milk) containing beetroot are enriched with optimum quantities of proteins and fats and low carbohydrates at a stable pH with an adequate total energy content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To quantify the impact of transported air pollutants on local air quality, this study applies an inverse modeling technique with tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column retrievals from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument, and the CMAQ‐ISAM model, which computes source attribution over six regions of interest in spring 2019 over East Asia. Satellite‐constrained nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions successfully improve model performance by significantly reducing the normalized mean bias of concentrations of NOx, Ozone (O3), and PM2.5 from most regions in China and South Korea. Anticyclones over the Yellow Sea transport air pollutants and increase the contribution of emissions from adjacent regions to local air quality. Fluxes of air pollutants with posterior emissions showed notable enhancements in their magnitude by 3%–24% for NOy, O3, and PM2.5. The contributions of emissions from neighboring regions on local NOx and O3 budgets in the planetary boundary layer were 22.96%–35.24% and 24.23%–42.26%. The contribution of emissions from North Korea was notable despite its comparably lower emission rates. Regarding the impact of external influences on local air quality, the enhanced chemical loss of NOx compensated for increases by transport. Also, the increased vertical gradient of maximum daily 8‐hr average O3 amplified vertical transport and dry deposition processes in the opposite direction along with slight changes in the chemical net O3 production rate. This study shows the nonlinear response of local air quality to changes in the transport of air pollutants, which could be further investigated concerning changes in emissions and climatological factors that would modify the inflow of air pollutants. Key Points: Top‐down nitrogen oxides emissions by inverse modeling with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument increase the modeling reliability and magnitude of air pollutants fluxesSpringtime anticyclones over Yellow Sea increase adjacent regions' emission impact on local air quality, even with North Korean emissionsTransported air pollutants modulate physical and chemical environments, leading to a nonlinear response to local air quality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the top causes of mortality, and it arises when cells in the body grow abnormally, like in the case of breast cancer. For people all around the world, it has now become a huge issue and a threat to their safety and wellbeing. Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among females all over the globe, and it is particularly prevalent in the United States. It is possible to diagnose breast cancer using a variety of imaging modalities including mammography, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and biopsies, among others. To analyze the picture, a histopathology study (biopsy) is often performed, which assists in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The goal of this study is to develop improved strategies for various CAD phases that will play a critical role in minimizing the variability gap between and among observers. It created an automatic segmentation approach that is then followed by self-driven post-processing activities to successfully identify the Fourier Transform based Segmentation in the CAD system to improve its performance. When compared to existing techniques, the proposed segmentation technique has several advantages: spatial information is incorporated, there is no need to set any initial parameters beforehand, it is independent of magnification, it automatically determines the inputs for morphological operations to enhance segmented images so that pathologists can analyze the image with greater clarity, and it is fast. Extensive tests were conducted to determine the most effective feature extraction techniques and to investigate how textural, morphological, and graph characteristics impact the accuracy of categorization classification. In addition, a classification strategy for breast cancer detection has been developed that is based on weighted feature selection and uses an upgraded version of the Genetic Algorithm in conjunction with a Convolutional Neural Network Classifier. The practical application of the suggested improved segmentation and classification algorithms for the CAD framework may reduce the number of incorrect diagnoses and increase the accuracy of classification. So, it may serve as a second opinion tool for pathologists and aid in the early detection of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digestive system is one of the essential systems in human physiology where the stomach has a significant part to play with its accessories like the esophagus, duodenum, small intestines, and large intestinal tract. Many individuals across the globe suffer from gastric dysrhythmia in combination with dyspepsia (improper digestion), unexplained nausea (feeling), vomiting, abdominal discomfort, ulcer of the stomach, and gastroesophageal reflux illnesses. Some of the techniques used to identify anomalies include clinical analysis, endoscopy, electrogastrogram, and imaging. Electrogastrogram is the registration of electrical impulses that pass through the stomach muscles and regulate the contraction of the muscle. The electrode senses the electrical impulses from the stomach muscles, and the electrogastrogram is recorded. A computer analyzes the captured electrogastrogram (EGG) signals. The usual electric rhythm produces an enhanced current in the typical stomach muscle after a meal. Postmeal electrical rhythm is abnormal in those with stomach muscles or nerve anomalies. This study considers EGG of ordinary individuals, bradycardia, dyspepsia, nausea, tachycardia, ulcer, and vomiting for analysis. Data are collected in collaboration with the doctor for preprandial and postprandial conditions for people with diseases and everyday individuals. In CWT with a genetic algorithm, db4 is utilized to obtain an EGG signal wave pattern in a 3D plot using MATLAB. The figure shows that the existence of the peak reflects the EGG signal cycle. The number of present peaks categorizes EGG. Adaptive Resonance Classifier Network (ARCN) is utilized to identify EGG signals as normal or abnormal subjects, depending on the parameter of alertness μ . This study may be used as a medical tool to diagnose digestive system problems before proposing invasive treatments. Accuracy of the proposed work comes up with 95.45%, and sensitivity and specificity range is added as 92.45% and 87.12%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for nondairy probiotic food is on the rise due to the constraints associated with dairy probiotics. In the present work, probiotic drink was prepared from a mixture of oats, barley buckwheat, and red rice, further the effect of additives on the probiotic count, physiochemical, and sensory attributes along with the shelf‐life of the drink was evaluated. Grains were mixed in the ratio of 6:2:1:1 (oats: barley: buckwheat: red rice) and were roasted, cooked, strained, homogenised, and filtered. The drink was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum (NCIM 2084/NCIB 8531) a probiotic bacterium. Fructo‐oligosaccharide, inulin, guar gum, and xanthan gum were added to improve the physical stability and sensory quality of the drink. Fructo‐oligosaccharide improved the taste as well as enhancement in the probiotic count was recorded. Guar gum successfully improved the suspension stability of the drink. Resultant product showed a total dietary fiber, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, glycaemic index, and prebiotic score as 4.50 g, 55.28 mg GAE/100 ml, 34.61%, 46.005, and 1.75, respectively. It also provided a probiotic count of 9.70 log CFU/ml and shelf stability up to 2 weeks under refrigerated conditions without any comprise in the quality. The resulting beverage may serve as a nutritious and health beneficial alternative to the existing lactose‐intolerant and protein allergic, dairy‐based beverages. Novelty impact statement: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimates that 30–50 million Americans are lactose intolerant. Hence, a functional nondairy probiotic beverage being a potential source of antioxidants, dietary fiber, and low glycaemic (GI < 55) may serve as an alternative to the people prone to milk allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]