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The scale up of solid bowl centrifuges is a major challenge as the process and material behavior are complex and difficult to describe. A common approach to forecast the process behavior is to use analytical models and transfer the experience gained from the lab to the industrial scale. In this context, time‐consuming and cost‐intensive pilot scale experiments are necessary. This paper presents a methodology to improve the scale up process and make it more sustainable by using a numerical model that allows the real‐time tracking of the process and a more reliable scale up process. For this approach, the material behavior is derived from laboratory experiments whereby the scalability is given. Here, the determination of material functions allows an accurate representation of the material behavior for solid bowl centrifuges of different scales. The focus of this paper is the detailed explanation of material related functions for the scale up of decanter centrifuges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high consumption of acetaminophen leads to high concentrations in surface water causing impacts on aquatic organisms, which is highlighting the need for investigation of alternative water and wastewater treatments. Therefore, the present study objective was to evaluate the adsorption capacity of acetaminophen onto Moringa oleifera Lam. seed husks after chemical and thermal treatment. Results: The characterization of the adsorbent revelaed heterogeneous morphology with the presence of micro‐ and mesopores. Adsorption studies showed that the adsorption did not altered between pH 3 and 9, and that there was no significant effect of the ionic strength, indicating that the mechanism does not involve electrostatic interactions. In fact, Fourier transform infrard spectra showed that acetaminophen was adsorbed by hydrogen bonds and π‐stacking. The kinetic data were adjusted to the pseudo‐first‐order model, indicating an equilibrium time of 18 h. The equilibrium study showed that adsorption occurred in a monolayer and was favoured by the increase in temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was 17.48 mg g−1, at 318 K, higher than some capacities found in the literature. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process was spontaneous, endothermic and physical. Conclusions: The characteristics and results found compared to the recent literature verified the possibility of applying this residue as a low‐cost adsorbent for the removal of acetaminophen. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When applied to a pure component suspension in an apolar solvent, a strong inhomogeneous electric field induces particle movement, and the particles are collected at the surface of one of the two electrodes. This new phenomenon was used to separately isolate two organic crystalline compounds, phenazine and caffeine, from their suspension in 1,4-dioxane. First, crystals of both compounds were collected at different electrodes under the influence of an electric field. Subsequent cooling crystallization enabled the immobilization and growth of the particles on the electrodes, which were separately collected after the experiment with purities greater than 91 %. This method can be further developed into a technique for crystal separation and recovery in complex multicomponent suspensions of industrial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual demand on rare earth materials still increases for many applications. The present study focusses on recycling technologies of rare earth compound out and for luminescence materials at different light spectra. The purity specification allows only impurities in ppm-range. A case study based on experimental and literature data is described. Different processing concepts are generated and optimized by process modeling. Finally, a cost calculation and sensitivity analysis point out the potential for a combined processing concept of chromatographic and reactive liquid-liquid extraction processes. Main cost drivers are indicated. Technological realization limits are included in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient engineering methods is an objective of many current research activities. One of the main areas of focus in this context is modularization and standardization in order to reduce project execution time. The intellectual key issue of this approach is the definition of modules that can be reused in a multitude of plant designs, thereby gaining efficiency in comparison to individually created designs. The paper describes an approach to configure any plant design for vendor offers based on customer requests concerning varying capacities, product specifications, plant locations and individual modifications. The novel idea is to assemble a set of tools that allows for a direct connection of 3D plant layouts and the corresponding cost calculations. Ultimately, it is aiming to be able to calculate the equipment size by using a process simulation tool in accordance with defined capacities and the local boundaries of the construction site. As a first proof of principle for the concept HPLC technical plants in a scale of 150 to 1000 mm ID are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane technology plays more and more a crucial role in the purification of biotechnological products. Integration of membrane based unit operations becomes a trend for ongoing process designs. By this, in addition to the well-established membrane unit operations like microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, new membranes, modules and systems were developed in the last years. Herein, the efforts in the area of membrane chromatography should be mentioned as a major research topic. This paper focuses on the state of the art in membrane technology, especially in the field of biotechnology, and on innovative developments in the field of membrane chromatography as well as on process design methods, which are necessary to fulfill the challenges for competitive technologies for the future. To minimize the risk that is inherent in the design of any new process, it is essential to use unit operation models that describe the process behavior accurately. Modeling efforts, which were originally developed for other membrane unit operations, show a great potential for the adaption to new developed membrane technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For years, microtechnology is being considered as an emerging technique for chemical engineering tasks to overcome safety issues corresponding to high volumes and gaining higher selectivities and yields in reaction technology. Whereas in reaction technology a broad variety of microstructured equipment is available, in product purification/separation adequate equipment is missing. Research is focused on modular fast and flexible smaller production plants being operated continuously instead of batchwise in order to reduce engineering efforts and time-to-process. To cope with these demands, an appropriate definition of modules, which could be easily chosen and combined, is inevitable. In addition, these modules have to be well characterized concerning fluid dynamics and separation performance. This paper focuses on the characterization of available modules/devices. A standard method and analysis of the results concerning manufacturing accuracy and operation range is proposed. Miniplant technology is described as an efficient tool to validate process concepts proposed by process simulation studies. Necessary model parameters are determined for industrial complex mixtures in miniaturized laboratory equipment. Parameters are calculated model based to gain maximal accuracy. State of the art of miniplant technology is described and basic characteristic data are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review highlights the status of research and advancements made in high-level radioactive waste management programs around the world in 2010 from published technical literature, books, and reports. The review covers waste form and repository, engineered barrier and sorption, repository, biological interactions, transport and mathematical modeling, book review, and concluding remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]