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Purpose: Teratozoospermia is the main pathogenic factor of male infertility. However, the genetic etiology of teratozoospermia is largely unknown. This study aims to clarify the relationship between novel variations in TENT5D and teratozoospermia in infertile patients. Materials and methods: Two infertile patients were enrolled. Routine semen analysis of patients and normal controls was conducted with the WHO guidelines. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was conducted to identify pathogenic variants in the two patients. Morphology and ultrastructure analysis of spermatozoa in the two patients was determined by Papanicolaou staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functional effect of the identified variants was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. The expression of TENT5D in different germ cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results: Two new hemizygous variations, c.101C > T (p.P34L) and c.125A > T (p.D42V), in TENT5D were detected in two patients with male infertility. Morphology analysis showed abnormalities in spermatozoa morphology in the two patients, including multiple heads, headless, multiple tails, coiled, and/or bent flagella. Ultrastructure analysis showed that most of the spermatozoa exhibited missing or irregularly arranged '9+2' structures. Further functional experiments confirmed the abrogated TENT5D protein expression in patients. In addition, both p.P34L and p.D42V substitutions resulted in a conformational change of the TENT5D protein. We precisely analyzed the subcellular localization of TENT5D in germ cells in humans and mice. And we found that TENT5D was predominantly detected in the head and flagellum of elongating spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa. Conclusions: Our results showed further evidence of a relationship between TENT5D mutation and human male infertility, providing new genetic insight for use in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The litchi fruit borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley is a major destructive pest of litchi and longan plants in China, India and South East Asia. Given its strong olfactory‐based oviposition behaviour, interfering with the chemical communication between this insect pest and its host plant may serve as a potential control strategy. However, the chemical compounds associated with its egg‐laying behaviour remain poorly understood. RESULTS: In this study, we investigated the olfactory preference of female C. sinensis for oviposition on intact mature fruits of the Feizixiao (FZX) and Guiwei (GW) varieties. Results showed that female C. sinensis preferred to lay eggs on FZX compared with GW fruits, and this preference was olfactory‐induced. In addition, we identified differences in the chemical composition of the volatile blend and proportions between FZX and GW fruits, with terpenes being the main volatile components contributing to this divergence. Compounds that induced electrophysiological activity in female borers were subsequently screened from FZX. d‐Limonene exhibited the strongest oviposition attraction among four candidates. Furthermore, this compound served as a volatile olfactory cue for recognition and orientation in female C. sinensis. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of the olfactory preferences of female C. sinensis for oviposition on specific litchi varieties. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylic photoresist could be applied as a functional layer for OLED display, and it is required to be fabricated mainly on the hybrid substrate of metal and inorganic silicide substrate or the polymer substrate. Through simulation, this paper concludes that moderately increasing the silane coupling agent content and moderate crosslinking degree of the material system could contribute to improving the adhesion force at the interface between acrylic photoresist and substrate, thereby avoiding peeling. Four acrylic photoresists named OC1‐4 with different formula are introduced, their adhesion force and peeling performances on different substrates are researched. The experimental results are consistent with that of simulation. Among them, OC1&4 with high content of silane coupling agent did not exhibit peeling on the hybrid substrate and polymer substrate, and their adhesion forces are large enough, making them suitable as functional layers for OLED display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistor devices can be used as core components of pixel driving circuits for active matrix organic light‐emitting displays （AMOLED）. Poly silicon (P‐Si) film and device performance directly affects the display effect. This paper investigates polysilicon grain boundary reduction for LTPS devices on PI substrates, exploring the effects of grain boundary reduction on LTPS devices and image sticking. Reduction of polysilicon grain boundaries through optimization of a‐Si deposition process, a‐Si two‐step deposition and excimer laser annealing (ELA) doublescan process, ELA double‐scan process reduces grain boundaries by 67 %. We prepared LTPS devices with thinner gate interlayers (GI) based on P‐Si grain boundary reduction, LTPS devices with positive threshold voltage bias and increased mobility, AMOLED displays with thinner GI can have 23% better image sticking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency and dynamic response of air compressors are crucial for stability and lifespan of hydrogen fuel cells. A predictive control scheme with surge‐ and choke‐constrained awareness is proposed to ensure safe and efficient operation of air compressors in this study. The proposed scheme consists of an efficiency enhancement model predictive control (EE‐MPC), and an improved active disturbance rejection control (IADRC). Surge‐ and choke‐constrained awareness is achieved by comparing predicted air flow with surge and choke limitations. Simultaneously, the EE‐MPC is constrained with oxygen excess ratio (OER) and obtains optimal solution by searching active set. The reference flow and supply manifold pressure trajectories for IADRC are generated by EE‐MPC. A designed piecewise differentiable nonlinear smoothing function is embedded in IADRC. The disturbances are estimated for coordinating flow and pressure control. Under China heavy‐duty commercial vehicle test cycle for bus conditions, root‐mean‐squared errors (RMSEs) of flow and pressure are 3.27 g s−1 and 1.88 × 103 Pa, respectively, and the mean efficiency can be enhanced by 13.4% compared to the MPC with fixed OER. Finally, a controller hardware‐in‐the‐loop test is conducted, with flow and pressure RMSEs of 2.48 g s−1 and 4.28 × 103 Pa between the test and simulation, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ optimal output tracking control problem for Markov jump systems is investigated, where the two cases with known or completely unknown transition probabilities are both considered. Based on game theory and H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ performance, quadratic cost is considered, where a discount parameter is introduced into the quadratic cost in order to track unstable systems and eliminate the assumption that the noise energy is bounded. The game coupled algebraic Riccati equation and the corresponding controller are presented by dynamic programming. The stochastic stability of the tracking error system is further investigated. Moreover, iterative and reinforcement learning‐based algorithms are proposed for solving the H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ optimal tracking controller with known or completely unknown transition probabilities, respectively. Finally, some numerical simulations on a DC motor are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COE (Color on Encapsulation) technology is a new technology that uses CF (color films) and BM (black matrix) structures to replace the polarizer. It has the advantages of low power consumption and the thin film layer, and is an emerging technology in the field of OLED displays. Due to the high transmittance of CF and the fact that OLED film pattern structure, COE technology has the disadvantage of the obvious reflection diffraction. Based on the finite difference time domain method, the paper studies the film factors of OLED, and summarizes the main factors that affect diffraction. According to the simulation results, the diffraction phenomenon of COE technology was significantly improved by optimizing the OLED film layer parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylic photoresist could be applied as a functional layer for OLED display, and it is required to be fabricated mainly on the hybrid substrate of metal and inorganic silicide substrate or the polymer substrate. Through simulation, this paper concludes that moderately increasing the silane coupling agent content and moderate crosslinking degree of the material system could contribute to improving the adhesion force at the interface between acrylic photoresist and substrate, thereby avoiding peeling. Four acrylic photoresists named OC1‐4 with different formula are introduced, their adhesion force and peeling performances on different substrates are researched. The experimental results are consistent with that of simulation. Among them, OC1&4 with high content of silane coupling agent did not exhibit peeling on the hybrid substrate and polymer substrate, and their adhesion forces are large enough, making them suitable as functional layers for OLED display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental mosaicism is important in families with de novo mutations. Herein, we report a case of fetal CHARGE syndrome (CS) with a CHD7 variant inherited from maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism. The variant was detected through trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. High‐depth whole‐exome sequencing was performed for the identification of parental mosaicism. A novel heterozygous CHD7 nonsense mutation (c.5794G>T/ p.E1932*) was detected in the tissue from the aborted fetus. The parents were wild‐type, indicating that the mutation was a de novo variant. The mutation was suspected to be the cause of the fetal CS. However, high‐depth whole‐exome sequencing revealed maternal gonosomal mosaicism at a variant allele frequency of 3.2%–23.3%. The variant was identified in various tissues (peripheral blood, hair follicles, buccal epithelia, and pharyngeal epithelia) from the asymptomatic mother. We confirmed maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism as a genetic cause of fetal CS. Our results emphasize the importance of clinical analysis in accurately determining the parents' status in detecting the CHD7de novo variant in fetal CS, as this analysis has vital implications for evaluating the recurrence risk for genetic counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Human autoantibodies (auto‐Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs were first discovered in a woman with disseminated shingles and were described by Ion Gresser from 1981 to 1984. They have since been found in patients with diverse conditions and are even used as a diagnostic criterion in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS‐1). However, their apparent lack of association with viral diseases, including shingles, led to wide acceptance of the conclusion that they had no pathological consequences. This perception began to change in 2020, when they were found to underlie about 15% of cases of critical COVID‐19 pneumonia. They have since been shown to underlie other severe viral diseases, including 5%, 20%, and 40% of cases of critical influenza pneumonia, critical MERS pneumonia, and West Nile virus encephalitis, respectively. They also seem to be associated with shingles in various settings. These auto‐Abs are present in all age groups of the general population, but their frequency increases with age to reach at least 5% in the elderly. We estimate that at least 100 million people worldwide carry auto‐Abs neutralizing type I IFNs. Here, we briefly review the history of the study of these auto‐Abs, focusing particularly on their known causes and consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Internet of Things technology makes people need to deal with an increasing amount of data, which brings the poor data quality, fast data generation speed and other problems. These problems have become one of the main obstacles restricting the development of human resource attendance. At present, data fusion methods as important methods in data fusion technology. This article fully utilizes human resource attendance data and proposes the LSTM‐Attention data fusion method. This method uses LSTM to model the data, extract potential features of the data, and filter out meaningful data in the human resource attendance mechanism through the Attention mechanism to achieve data fusion. Finally, experimental results in this article showed that the LSTM‐Attention data fusion method designed in this article has higher prediction accuracy. It fully mines the correlation between data, and further improves the accuracy of analysis and prediction in the human resource attendance mechanism based on the Internet of Things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A top‐down transfer process is developed via a rolling process associated with thermal release tape/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bi‐supporting layers to realize large‐scale transfer processes on transition metal dichalcogenide materials. A 2‐inch MoS2 thin film transferred on SiO2/Si substrates with high integrity and a yield of ≈99% can be successfully achieved via the proposed process. MoS2‐based transistors with a transferred Au thin film as the contact electrode indicate a lower contact resistance of 8.4 kΩ with improved mobility and a higher on/off ratio compared with that of the MoS2‐based transistors with the evaporated Au thin film as the contact electrode. By applying the difference in adhesion force between metal oxides and metal on MoS2 and PMMA surfaces, the selective transfer of MoS2 films can be demonstrated. Furthermore, all‐transferred MoS2‐based transistor arrays are demonstrated by combining the selectively transferred MoS2 film as the channel material and the transferred Au thin films as the contact electrode, which results in uniform electrical properties featuring a carrier mobility of 10.45 cm2 V−1 s−1, a subthreshold swing of 203.94 mV dec−1, a normalized Ion of 8.3 μA μm−1, and an on/off ratio of 105. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activity and climate change affect biodiversity and cause species range shifts, contractions, and expansions. Globally, human activities and climate change have emerged as persistent threats to biodiversity, leading to approximately 68% of the ~522 primate species being threatened with extinction. Here, we used habitat suitability models and integrated data on human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), road construction, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the location of protected areas (PAs), and climate change to predict potential changes in the distributional range and richness of 26 China's primate species. Our results indicate that both PAs and NDVI have a positive impact on primate distributions. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, species' ranges were restricted to areas of high vegetation cover and in PAs surrounded by buffer zones of 2.7–4.5 km and a core area of PAs at least 0.1–0.5 km from the closest edge of the PA. Areas with a GDP below the Chinese national average of 100,000 yuan were found to be ecologically vulnerable, and this had a negative impact on primate distributions. Changes in temperature and precipitation were also significant contributors to a reduction in the range of primate species. Under the expected influence of climate change over the next 30–50 years, we found that highly suitable habitat for primates will continue to decrease and species will be restricted to smaller and more peripheral parts of their current range. Areas of high primate diversity are expected to lose from 3 to 7 species. We recommend that immediate action be taken, including expanding China's National Park Program, the Ecological Conservation Redline Program, and the Natural Forest Protection Program, along with a stronger national policy promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods for people in the local communities adjacent to primate ranges, to offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on primate survivorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the variations in luminance of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diodes (AMOLED) when viewed at small angles, employing different micro lens arrangements. By examining the micro lens array (MLA) structure, we analyzed how luminance behaves at various angles. Concurrently, we explored the alignment of red, green, and blue (R/G/B) pixel apertures with the micro lens placement, aiming to achieve precise luminance modulation for acute viewing angles. Initially, micro lens arrays are crafted by utilizing materials with varying refractive indices above the pixel aperture, ensuring total internal reflection of light at thejunction between materials of high and low refractive indices. This arrangement also alters the emission angle of light. Within this architecture, the critical angle — determined by the disparity in refractive indices — and the variance in the angle at the reflective interface are crucial in influencing light emission reflection. Furthermore, we explored how the spacing of graphic openings with low refractive indices influences the angle of light emission. This spacing affects the reflection angle, as it is not produced by a singular interface but rather by a composite of multiple angles. The size of the pixel apertures and the spacing of these openings cause the point of total internal reflection to vary, altering the deflection angle of light. Thus, the design of pixel openings and the external expansion is crucial to controlling the light emission angle. Lastly, we examined the influence of the reflective interface and the external expansion design on the light output angle. This analysis highlighted the enhancement of light output at narrow angles and provided strategies to minimize luminance fluctuations at such angles, contributing to the development of high‐precision luminance control in AMOLED displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a gate driver circuit for the implementation of multi‐region and multi‐refresh rates. A distinctive feature of this proposed circuit is the integration of a separate control block into the existing gate driver circuit. Another is the utilization of CMOS (a combination of n‐type IGZO and p‐type LTPS) to enhance circuit reliability and reduce power consumption. This gate driver circuit can be applied to an LTPO based pixel circuit which can be using with a variable refresh rate and implemented multi‐zone and multi‐refresh rates. Through circuit simulations, the paper verifies the successful operation of multi‐refresh rates based on control signals and establishes a reduction in clock power consumption. Consequently, the proposed gate driver circuit stands as a solution for achieving high resolution and low power consumption in displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report a systematic investigation of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS)‐based driving backboard of electronic paper. Firstly, LTPS‐based thin film transistors (TFTs) with extremely low off‐state leakage current at a large gate‐source voltage (VGS) of 30 V were obtained through detailed explorations of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon technology. Meanwhile, the high on‐state current of LTPS‐TFTs also meet the requirements of fast signal writing to the storage capacitor due to their extremely high field‐effect mobility (~100 cm2 /V*s), making it possible to fabricate TFT devices with relatively small width/length ratios (W/L) to minimize feed‐through to the full extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the mechanism of the back‐channel effect on TFTs (Thin Film Transistors) and proposes novel methods for characterizing and improving the stability of driving TFT devices, including back‐channel and back‐voltage testing. In comparison to routine sticking image and negative bias temperature stress testing, our methods aim to minimize the impact of intrinsic material fluctuations, allowing for independent measurement of the back‐channel effect on TFT device electrical characteristics. We also offer an enhanced option (N2 Plasma treatment of PI surface), that have been used for better the performance of products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fabrication of flexible a‐IGZO and LTPS thin film transistor (TFT) hybrid backplane, various threshold voltage (Vth) of the a‐IGZO TFT was achieved in this paper by regulating the O2/Ar ratio during the deposition of a‐IGZO film by sputtering. The results show that the Vth increases with the increase of the O2/Ar ratio, and the reliability tests indicate that in a certain range negative adjustment of Vth can significantly improve the positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) of IGZO TFT, and maintain good electrical uniformity. The increase of the O2/Ar ratio reduces the number of oxygen vacancy (Vo) in the a‐IGZO channel, and thereby Vth is positively shifted, which is confirmed by the TCAD simulation. The Vth value can indicate the Vo concentration in a‐IGZO TFT channel partly, and appropriately higher amount of Vo is beneficial to improve the PBTI, which is attributed to Fermi level (EF) shifting closer to conduction band. Raised EF means less unoccupied trap states, resulting in less carrier trapping under PBTI. Furthermore, the research also explores different a‐IGZO channel thicknesses and finds that when the Vth values are similar, thinner channel layers endow a‐IGZO TFT with improved PBTI. By optimizing the Vth and channel thickness, a‐IGZO TFTs with a channel thickness of 25nm and a Vth value of 0.2V have been prepared in a hybrid backplane. Under positive bias temperature stress for 5 hours, the Vth is positively shifted less than 0.5 V, which could lay the foundation for achieving high‐reliability flexible backplane for AMOLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The module stack of trifold display was simulated and G‐type trifold modules were prepared. Surface waviness and mechanical properties were tested under room temperature. Cycle folding reliability of both in‐folding and out‐folding was tested simultaneously under room temperature, 60°/90% and ‐20° test environment (RA test). Waviness and reliability improvement of the G‐type trifold display by optimizing test jig, module material and stack. Finally, the failure of module peeling problem during cycle folding test under room temperature was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oocyte maturation arrest, fertilization failure, and early embryonic arrest are important causes of female infertility, whereas the genetic events that contribute to these processes are largely unknown. Loss‐of‐function of PABPC1L in mice has been suggested to cause female infertility involved in the absence of mature oocytes or embryos in vivo or in vitro. However, the role of PABPC1L in human female reproduction remains largely elusive. In this study, we identified a homozygous missense mutation (c.536G>A, p.R179Q) and a compound heterozygous mutation (c.793C>T, p.R265W; c.1201C>T, p.Q401*) in PABPC1L in two unrelated infertile females characterized by recurrent oocyte maturation abnormalities and early embryonic arrest. These variants resulted in nonfunctional PABPC1L protein and were associated with impaired chromatin configuration and transcriptional silencing in GV oocytes. Moreover, the binding capacity of mutant PABPC1L to mRNAs related to oocyte maturation and early embryonic development was decreased significantly. Our findings revealed novel PABPC1L mutations causing oocyte maturation abnormalities and early embryonic arrest, confirming the essential role of PABPC1L in human female fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work mainly focuses on the mechanical and anti‐infection deficiencies of zinc alloy‐based bone implant materials. Microstructural analysis, tensile testing, electrochemical investigation, immersion experiments, and antibacterial testing are used to investigate the effects of Cu content on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties of the Zn–1Mg–xCu (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%) alloys. The results show that the addition of Cu to Zn–1Mg alloy produces a high‐strength and high‐hardness intermediate phase of CuZn5, which significantly increases the tensile strength from 115.2 to 210.6 MPa, elongation from 1.9% to 5.72%, the diameter of the inhibition zone increases from 3.3 to 5.1 mm, and the cytotoxicity level of all alloys improves, reaching up to grade 1. Consequently, these findings suggest that the Zn–1Mg–2Cu alloy possesses the best mechanical properties, most uniform degradation rate, impressive antibacterial properties, and an excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the Zn–1Mg–2Cu alloy is considered a most preferred material candidate in the field of biodegradable Zn alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of malignancies. However, disproportionate enrollment among races and ethnicities places the generalizability of global trial results in doubt. Methods: In this systematic review, phase 3 randomized controlled trials investigating pembrolizumab in advanced cancers and providing subgroup analyses of Asian and non‐Asian participants were included. The primary and secondary effect measures were the mean differences (MDs) in the natural logarithms of the hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) between these two subgroups, respectively. We used random‐effects meta‐analysis to calculate the pooled ratios of HRs (i.e., exp(MD)) and implemented a meta‐regression analysis to identify significant covariates. Results: A total of 17 and 11 trials were included in the meta‐analyses of OS and PFS, respectively. These trials included 2732 (25.49%) Asian and 7000 (65.32%) non‐Asian participants in the OS analysis and 1438 (22.5%) Asian and 4129 (64.61%) non‐Asian participants in the PFS analysis. The pooled ratio of HRs for OS was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76–0.99; p = 0.0391), favoring Asian participants, but no significant difference was found in PFS (pooled ratio of HRs: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.82–1.07; p = 0.2391). Both linear meta‐regression analyses revealed an open‐label design as a crucial covariate, which indicated more benefits for non‐Asian participants. Conclusions: Compared with non‐Asian patients, Asian patients with advanced cancers may derive superior OS benefits from pembrolizumab. Although the results warrant further exploration, this meta‐analysis provides insight into clinical research design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C)/mitotic centromere‐associated kinesin (MCAK), is thought to be oncogenic as it is involved in tumour progression and metastasis. Moreover, it also plays a part in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease and psychiatric disorders such as suicidal schizophrenia. Our previous study conducted on mice demonstrated that KIF2C is widely distributed in various regions of the brain, and is localized in synaptic spines. Additionally, it regulates microtubule dynamic properties through its own microtubule depolymerization activity, thereby affecting AMPA receptor transport and cognitive behaviour in mice. In this study, we show that KIF2C regulates the transport of mGlu1 receptors in Purkinje cells by binding to Rab8. KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells results in abnormal gait, reduced balance ability and motor incoordination in male mice. These data suggest that KIF2C is essential for maintaining normal transport and synaptic function of mGlu1 and motor coordination in mice. Key points: KIF2C is localized in synaptic spines of hippocampus neurons, and regulates excitatory transmission, synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviour.KIF2C is extensively expressed in the cerebellum, and we investigated its functions in development and synaptic transmission of cerebellar Purkinje cells.KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells alters the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) and the AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit at Purkinje cell synapses, and changes excitatory synaptic transmission, but not inhibitory transmission.KIF2C regulates the transport of mGlu1 receptors in Purkinje cells by binding to Rab8. KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells affects motor coordination, but not social behaviour in male mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We sought to investigate the relationship between circulating tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) level and long‐term outcomes in stable coronary artery disease patients with or without aortic valve sclerosis (AVSc). Methods and results: Serum levels of t‐PA were determined in 347 consecutive stable angina patients with (n = 183) or without (n = 164) AVSc. Outcomes were prospectively recorded as planned clinic evaluations every 6 months up to 7 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death and rehospitalization due to heart failure. The secondary endpoint included all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and rehospitalization due to heart failure. Serum t‐PA was significantly higher in AVSc than in non‐AVSc patients (2131.22 pg/mL vs. 1495.85 pg/mL, P < 0.001). For patients with AVSc, those with t‐PA level above the median (>1840.68 pg/mL) were more likely to meet the primary and secondary endpoints (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, serum t‐PA level remained significantly predictive for each endpoint in the Cox proportional hazard models. The prognostic value of t‐PA was good, with an AUC‐ROC of 0.753 (P < 0.001). The combination of t‐PA with traditional risk factors improved the risk reclassification of AVSc patients, with a net reclassification index of 0.857 and an integrated discrimination improvement of 0.217 (all P < 0.001). However, for patients without AVSc, both primary and secondary endpoints were similar, irrespective of t‐PA levels. Conclusions: Elevated circulating t‐PA confers an increased risk for poor long‐term clinical outcomes in stable coronary artery disease patients with AVSc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological introductions provide a natural ecological experiment unfolding in a recent historical timeframe to elucidate how evolutionary processes (such as founder effects, genetic diversity and adaptation) shape the genomic landscape of populations postintroduction. The Asian icefish, Protosalanx chinensis, is an economically important fishery resource, deliberately introduced into dozens of provinces across China for decades. However, while invading and disturbing the local ecosystem, many introduced populations declined, disappearing mysteriously in a very short time. The way in which various evolutionary forces integrate to result in invasion failure of an introduced population remains unknown. Here, we performed whole‐genome sequencing of 10 species from the Salangidae family and 70 Asian icefish (Protosalanx chinensis) individuals from 7 geographic populations in China, aiming to characterize the evolutionary fate of introduced populations. Our results show that compared to other Salangidae species, P. chinensis has low genetic diversity, potentially due to the long‐lasting decline in population size. In a recently introducted population, Lugu lake, severe sampling effects and a strong bottleneck further deteriorated the genomic landscape. Although the introduced population showed signs of reduced genetic load, the purging selection efficiency was low. Our selective sweep analysis revealed site frequency changes in candidate genes, including gata1a and hoxd4b, which could be associated with a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the deep‐water plateau lake. These findings caution against the widespread introduction of P. chinensis in China and lay the groundwork for future use of this economically species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POLR3B gene encodes the 2nd largest catalytic subunit and affects the function of RNA polymerase III enzymes in transcription. Bi‐allelic variants in POLR3B pathogenically cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy‐8 (HLD8). Herein, we recruited a family with two patients, who presented clinically with cerebellar atrophy, intellectual disability, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and visual problems. We identified the two affected siblings carrying the compound heterozygous variations (c.165_167del; c.1615G>T) in POLR3B by trio‐whole‐exome sequencing (trio‐WES). The qPCR and western blot showed that both transcriptional and translational levels of the mutation (c.165_167del, p.I55_K56delinsM) were sharply attenuated. Following that, a thorough functional examination of a zebrafish line disrupted for human POLR3B validated the pathogenic effects of the two mutations. Our research broadens the spectrum of HLD8‐related pathogenic POLR3B mutations and provides new molecular and animal evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Lenvatinib plus anti‐programmed death‐1 (anti‐PD‐1) antibody combinations have shown potent anti‐tumor effect in phase I/II trials in advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but real‐world data are limited. Methods: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of lenvatinib plus anti‐PD‐1 antibodies in a real‐world cohort, we retrospectively evaluated 210 patients with unresectable or advanced HCC treated with these regimens between October 2018 and February 2022. Results: The objective response rate and disease control rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 were 28.1% and 75.2%. Median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in the overall cohort were 17.2 and 8.4 months, respectively. Median OS and PFS of patients receiving first‐line treatment reached 18.9 and 9.6 months. Median OS was significantly longer in patients with Child‐Pugh class A versus B (18.8 vs. 5.9 months, respectively), as was median PFS (9.1 vs. 4.4 months). Patients with albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade 1 versus grade 2/3 also had significantly greater median OS (23.5 vs. 13.4 months). Treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 79.5% of patients. Patients with ALBI grade 2/3 had a higher rate of grade 3/4 AEs than patients with ALBI grade 1 (57.5% vs. 38.5%). Conclusion: Lenvatinib combined with anti‐PD‐1 antibody therapy was effective in patients with sufficient liver function reserve. Further study is needed to improve therapeutic efficacy and AE management in patients with Child‐Pugh class B or ALBI grade 2/3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HLEMS (High Light Extraction Micro Structure) technology could improve the light out‐coupling efficiency and reduce the power consumption of OLED display, by modifying parts of the light extraction paths through the redesign of micro structures and the optimization of film refractive indexes. Ink and OC nanocomposites with high refractive index are the key materials to realize the HLEMS technology, their fabrications and qualities of films are particularly important. In this work, the curing processes and mechanisms of Ink and OC nanocomposites were researched respectively. The film properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐ IR), dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer (DMA), and ellipsometer. The refractive index of Ink nanocomposite is greater than 1.67 @ 550nm, and the refractive index of OC nanocomposite is greater than 1.70 @ 550nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5 c The intermediate endpoint was defined as when patients receive less than minimal treatment (<=0.1 mg/kg/day prednisone), no non-transitory lesions happen (new lesions that did not heal within 1 week or pruritus lasting >1 week). Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin, usually manifesting as generalized pruritic urticarial plaques and subepithelial tension blisters. Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) score for erosions/blisters can be controlled to 0 at the 4th week, except for patient #2. [Extracted from the article]

Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome (ASS) is a rare and severe type of teratozoospermia characterized by the predominance of headless spermatozoa in the ejaculate. However, knowledge about the causative genes associated with ASS in humans is limited. Loss‐of‐function of SPATA20 has been suggested to result in the separation of the sperm head and flagellum in mice, whereas there have been no cases reporting SPATA20 variants leading to human male infertility. In this study, a nonsense mutation in SPATA20 (c.619C > T, p.Arg207*) was first identified in an ASS patient. Moreover, this variant contributed to the degradation of SPATA20 and was associated with decreased expression of SPATA6, which plays a vital role in the assembly of the sperm head‐tail conjunction in humans. In addition, the infertility caused by loss‐of‐function mutation of SPATA20 might not be rescued by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Collectively, our findings suggested that SPATA20 might be required for sperm head‐tail conjunction formation in humans, the nonfunction of which may lead to male infertility related to ASS. The discovery of the loss‐of‐function mutation in SPATA20 enriches the gene variant spectrum of human ASS, further contributing to improved diagnosis, genetic counseling and prognosis for male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular disease associated with significant phenotypic alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore‐forming effector of pyroptosis. In this study, the role of VSMC‐specific GSDMD in the phenotypic alteration of VSMCs and AAA formation is determined. Single‐cell transcriptome analyses reveal Gsdmd upregulation in aortic VSMCs in angiotensin (Ang) II‐induced AAA. VSMC‐specific Gsdmd deletion ameliorates Ang II‐induced AAA in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice. Using untargeted metabolomic analysis, it is found that putrescine is significantly reduced in the plasma and aortic tissues of VSMC‐specific GSDMD deficient mice. High putrescine levels trigger a pro‐inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs and increase susceptibility to Ang II‐induced AAA formation in mice. In a population‐based study, a high level of putrescine in plasma is associated with the risk of AAA (p < 2.2 × 10−16), consistent with the animal data. Mechanistically, GSDMD enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress‐C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling, which in turn promotes the expression of ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), the enzyme responsible for increased putrescine levels. Treatment with the ODC1 inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine, reduces AAA formation in Ang II‐infused ApoE−/− mice. The findings suggest that putrescine is a potential biomarker and target for AAA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to characterize the metabolic alteration of non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discover blood‐based metabolic biomarkers relevant to lung cancer detection. An untargeted metabolomics‐based approach was applied in a case–control study with 193 NSCLC patients and 243 healthy controls. Serum metabolomics were determined by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method. We screened differential metabolites based on univariate and multivariate analysis, followed by identification of the metabolites and related pathways. For NSCLC detection, machine learning was employed to develop and validate the model based on the altered serum metabolite features. The serum metabolic pattern of NSCLC was definitely different from the healthy condition. In total, 278 altered features were found in the serum of NSCLC patients comparing with healthy people. About one‐fifth of the abundant differential features were identified successfully. The altered metabolites were enriched in metabolic pathways such as phenylalanine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of bile acids. We demonstrated a panel of 10 metabolic biomarkers which representing excellent discriminating capability for NSCLC discrimination, with a combined area under the curve (AUC) in the validation set of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.98). Moreover, this model showed a desirable performance for the detection of NSCLC at an early stage (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97). Our study offers a perspective on NSCLC metabolic alteration. The finding of the biomarkers might shed light on the clinical detection of lung cancer, especially for those cancers in an early stage in Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cerebellum is involved in encoding balance, posture, speed, and gravity during locomotion. However, most studies are carried out on flat surfaces, and little is known about cerebellar activity during free ambulation on slopes. Here, it has been imaged the neuronal activity of cerebellar molecular interneurons (MLIs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) using a miniaturized microscope while a mouse is walking on a slope. It has been found that the neuronal activity of vermal MLIs specifically enhanced during uphill and downhill locomotion. In addition, a subset of MLIs is activated during entire uphill or downhill positions on the slope and is modulated by the slope inclines. In contrast, PCs showed counter‐balanced neuronal activity to MLIs, which reduced activity at the ramp peak. So, PCs may represent the ramp environment at the population level. In addition, chemogenetic inactivation of lobule V of the vermis impaired uphill locomotion. These results revealed a novel micro‐circuit in the vermal cerebellum that regulates ambulatory behavior in 3D terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug resistance is an important factor affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer. However, clinical markers for diagnosing drug resistance of tumor cells are not only a few in number, but also low in specificity, and the mechanism of action of tumor cell drug resistance remains unclear. Methods: Dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) expression was analyzed using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and genotype‐Tissue Expression pan‐cancer data. Survival analysis was performed using the survival package in R software to assess the prognostic value of DPEP1 expression in colon cancer. Correlation and Venn analyses were adopted to identify key genes. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, qRT–PCR, Co‐immunoprecipitation, and dual‐luciferase reporter experiments were carried out to explore the underlying associations between DPEP1 and Achaete scute‐like 2 (ASCL2). MTT assays were used to evaluate the role of DPEP1 and ASCL2 in colon cancer drug resistance. Results: DPEP1 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues. DPEP1 expression correlated negatively with disease‐specific survival but not with overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis and experiments showed that the expressions of DPEP1 and ASCL2 in colon cancer tissues were markedly positively correlated. Mechanistic research indicated that DPEP1 enhanced the stability of protein ASCL2 by inhibiting its ubiquitination‐mediated degradation. In turn, ASCL2 functioned as a transcription factor to activate the transcriptional activity of the DPEP1 gene and boost its expression. Furthermore, DPEP1 also could enhance the expression of colon cancer stem cell markers (LGR5, CD133, and CD44), which strengthened the tolerance of colon cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that the DPEP1 enhances the stemness of tumor cells by forming a positive feedback loop with ASCL2 to improve resistance to chemotherapy drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF), which is characterized as asthenoteratospermia involving absent, short, bent, coiled, and/or irregular‐caliber flagella, is a rare recessive inherited disorder associated with male infertility. To date, genetic causes of MMAF cases are not fully explored. Methods: Whole‐exome sequencing was conducted to identify pathogenic variants in a patient with MMAF. The functional effect of the identified mutations was investigated by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used to assist fertilization for the patient with MMAF. Results: We identified novel biallelic mutations, a splicing variant NC_000004.12:g.146937593C>T (c.254+1G>A), and a nonsense mutation NM_001300761.4:c.1185C>G (NP_001287690.1:p.Tyr395*), in TTC29 from an infertile patient. In addition to the typical MMAF phenotype, the patient also presented aberrant morphology of sperm heads. Further functional experiments confirmed the absence of TTC29 expression in the spermatozoa. We also explored the specific expression pattern of TTC29 in human and mouse spermatogenesis. The outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the patient was unsuccessful, while additional female risk factors should not be excluded. Conclusions: Our study revealed the novel biallelic mutations in TTC29 in a MMAF patient, which findings expand the mutational spectrum of TTC29 and further contribute to the diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prognosis of male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with a complex genetic background. The cause of sporadic AD (sAD) remains largely unknown. Increasing evidence shows that genetic variations play a crucial role in sAD. P75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR, encoded by NGFR) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Yet, the relationship between NGFR gene polymorphisms and AD was less studied. This study aims to analyze the relationship of NGFR gene polymorphism with the risk of AD in the Chinese Han population and amyloid‐β deposition in the ADNI cohort. Methods: This case–control association study was conducted in a Chinese Han cohort consisting of 366 sporadic AD (sAD) patients and 390 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Twelve tag‐SNPs were selected and genotyped with a multiplex polymerase chain reaction‐ligase detection reaction (PCR‐LDR) method. The associations between tag‐SNPs and the risk of AD were analyzed by logistic regression. Moreover, another cohort from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database was included to examine the association of one tag‐SNP (rs2072446) with indicators of amyloid deposition. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the predictive abilities of rs2072446 genotypes for AD progression. The mediation effects of Aβ deposition on this association were subsequently tested by mediation analyses. Results: After multiple testing corrections, one tag‐SNP, rs2072446, was associated with an increased risk of sAD (additive model, OR = 1.79, Padjustment = 0.0144). Analyses of the ADNI cohort showed that the minor allele (T) of rs2072446 was significantly associated with the heavier Aβ burden, which further contributed to an increased risk of AD progression in APOE ε4 non‐carrier. Conclusion: Our study found that rs2072446 in NGFR is associated with both the risk of sAD in the Chinese Han population and the amyloid burden in the ADNI cohort, which reveals the role of p75NTR in AD from a genetic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering skin substitutes represent a prospective source of advanced therapy in repairing severe traumatic wounds. Sodium alginate (SA) and silk fibroin (SF) are natural biomaterials, which are widely used in tissue engineering and other fields because of their low price, high safety, and good biocompatibility. However, SA itself degrades slowly, its degradation mode is difficult to control, and the degradation products are difficult to remove from the body because of its high molecular weight. Therefore, the composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze‐drying composite technology by using the Schiff base reaction between biocompatible SF and permeable oxidized sodium alginate (OSA). Sodium periodate was used as oxidant to modify SA. The results showed that higher oxidation degree of OSA could be obtained by increasing the proportion of oxidant, and the relative molecular weight of the oxidized products could also be reduced. The composite scaffolds were prepared by using sodium tetraborate as a crosslinking accelerator of the Schiff base reaction between OSA and SF. FT‐IR confirmed that the Schiff base group appeared in the material. In vitro biodegradation experiments showed that the biodegradation of the composite scaffolds was controllable, and the cytocompatibility experiment showed that the composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented growth in the past decade as an emerging photovoltaic technology. Up till now, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25% that rivals silicon solar cells and there is still room for further enhancement. However, the development in long‐term stability lags far behind, which remains a great concern for the commercial application in the future. The device instability mainly arises from the functional components, including perovskite film, charge transport layers, and electrodes along with the involved interfaces. As the most widely studied hole transport layer at the current stage, 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) helps contribute to the achievement of record efficiency but it weakens the device stability due to the doping‐induced side effects such as hygroscopicity and ion migration. Great efforts are devoted to boosting the stability of Spiro‐OMeTAD while maintaining excellent photovoltaic performance. In this review, the fundamental properties of Spiro‐OMeTAD have been summarized and the recent advances in engineering Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based hole transport layer for the sake of highly efficient PSCs with enhanced longevity are highlighted. In the end, an outlook for the further optimization of Spiro‐OMeTAD is provided and the issues related to large‐scale production are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Recent genetic progress has shown many causative/risk genes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly in patients of European ancestry. The study aimed to investigate the PD‐related genes and determine the mutational spectrum of early‐onset PD in ethnic Chinese. Methods: In this study, whole‐exome sequencing and/or gene dosage analysis were performed in 704 early‐onset PD (EOPD) patients (onset age ≤45 years) and 1866 controls. Twenty‐six PD‐related genes and 20 other genes linked to neurodegenerative and lysosome diseases were analysed. Results: Eighty‐two (11.6%, 82/704) EOPD patients carrying rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in PD‐related genes were identified. The mutation frequency in autosomal recessive inheritance EOPD (42.9%, 27/63) was much higher than that in autosomal dominant inheritance EOPD (0.9%, 12/110) or sporadic EOPD (8.1%, 43/531). Bi‐allelic mutations in PRKN were the most frequent, accounting for 5.1% of EOPD cases. Three common pathogenic variants, p.A53V in SNCA, p.G284R in PRKN and p.P53Afs*38 in CHCHD2, occur exclusively in Asians. The putative damaging variants from GBA, PRKN, DJ1, PLA2G6 and GCH1 contributed to the collective risk for EOPD. Notably, the protein‐truncating variants in CHCHD2 were enriched in EOPD, especially for p.P53Afs*38, which was also found in three patients from an independent cohort of patients with late‐onset PD (n = 1300). Functional experiments confirmed that truncated CHCHD2 variants cause loss of function and are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions: Our study reveals that the genetic spectrum of EOPD in Chinese, which may help develop genetic scanning strategies, provided more evidence supporting CHCHD2 in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase‐pure crystallised perovskite is considered an excellent precursor for fabricating high‐stability perovskite films with minimal defects. However, currently available protocols for synthesising crystallised perovskites must be conducted in an inert atmosphere or in the presence of an organic solvent as the reaction medium, which hinders mass production. Here, we report the fast synthesis of α‐phase‐crystallised perovskite powder assisted by moisture in ambient air. Moisture can promote the reaction between PbI2 and organic salts and facilitate complete phase transition, as demonstrated in a joint experimental and theoretical study. Perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 24.07 % were achieved using phase‐pure crystallised perovskite powder as the precursor. This ambient‐air‐compatible method opens new vistas to reproducible high‐quality precursors for large‐scale photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are associated with high reproductive risk, infertility, abnormalities in offspring, and recurrent miscarriage in women. It is essential to accurately characterize apparently balanced chromosome rearrangements in unaffected individuals. Methods: A CCR young couple who suffered two spontaneous abortions and underwent labor induction due to fetal chromosomal abnormalities was studied using long‐read sequencing(LRS), single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, G‐banding karyotype analysis (550‐band resolution), and Sanger sequencing. Results: SNP analysis of the amniotic fluid cells during the third pregnancy revealed a 9.9‐Mb duplication at 7q21.11q21.2 and a 24.8‐Mb heterozygous deletion at 13q21.1q31.1. The unaffected female partner was a carrier of a three‐way CCR [46,XX,? ins(7;13)(q21.1;q21.1q22)t(2;13)(p23;q22)]. Subsequent LRS analysis revealed the exact breakpoint locations on the derivative chromosomes and the specific method of chromosome rearrangement, indicating that the CCR carrier was a more complex structural rearrangement comprising five breakpoints. Furthermore, LRS detected an inserted fragment of chromosome 13 in chromosome 7. Conclusions: LRS is effective for analyzing the complex structural variations of the human genome and may be used to clarify the specific CCRs for effective genetic counseling and appropriate intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of nurse‐led discharge service for adult surgical inpatients. Design: The report of this review was conducted by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement checklist. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and Embase as well as four Chinese databases including CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database and CBM were searched for randomized controlled trials. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. And meta‐analyses were conducted for the eligible studies by Review manager 5.4.1. Results: A total of 1,649 participants were enrolled in 12 randomized controlled trials. The result of readmission rate and emergency visit of intervention group were lower than those of the control group; activities of daily living and quality of life in the intervention group were higher than that of the control group. There was no statistical difference in the length of stay between the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in breast cancer (BC), but the underlying mechanisms remain large unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in BC. Western blotting and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were performed to assess gene and protein expression, respectively. The proliferative and metastatic abilities of BC cells were tested by cell counting kit‐8 and transwell assays, respectively. The formation of lymphatic vessels was detected by tube formation assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify molecular interactions. CASC9 was found to be highly expressed in BC tissues and cell lines, and ectopic overexpression was positively associated with tumor volume, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, CASC9 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of BC cells, as well as BC‐associated invasion and formation of lymphatic vessels of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. Mechanical studies demonstrated that CASC9 could be transcriptionally activated by STAT3 and elevate SOX4 expression by enhancing the acetylation of its promoter region. Our results illustrated that STAT3‐activated CASC9 served as a tumor‐promoting gene involved in promoting BC invasion and BC‐associated formation of lymphatic vessels by upregulating SOX4 through altering H3K27ac level. This finding elucidated a new underlying network of CASC9 in the metastasis of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important component of highly functional macromolecule semiconductor, two kinds of new diamine monomers, bis(5‐amino‐6‐methoxy‐[1,1'‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl) methanone (BAMBPM) and bis(5‐amino‐4'‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐6‐methoxy‐[1,1'‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl) methanone (BACzMBPM) were used as raw materials. Two kinds of soluble aromatic polyimides were prepared from BAMBPM and BACzMBPM by polycondensation with 2,2',3,3'‐biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) via a two‐step procedure. The obtained polyimides were sufficiently characterized, and showed superior organic solubility and excellent thermal stability, with a weight loss of 5 % weight loss above 300 °C. Memory devices with Al/polyimide/ITO structure were prepared by the traditional method of solution spin coating. Both devices show tristable characteristics, with high ON/OFF current ratios as high as 104 and long maintenance times of 104 seconds in the environmental atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interface properties of organic–inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells play a significant role in their photovoltaic performance. Defect states at the interface can decrease the power conversion efficiency through defect‐assisted charge recombination and degrade the long‐term stability. Low‐dimensional perovskites exhibit excellent stabilities. They can be combined with three dimensional (3D) perovskites to utilize their advantages for fabrication of high‐performance devices. In this study, we successfully construct a robust interface for perovskite films through mixed‐dimensional engineering. After the introduction of a one dimensional (1D)‐structured capping layer on the 3D perovskite through post‐treatment, the number of defect states in the perovskite film is significantly decreased, while the lifetime of the photocarriers is increased. In addition, the 1D capping layer can serve as a diffusion barrier to reduce the ion migration and protect the vulnerable 3D perovskite against moisture. Perovskite solar cells based on stacked 1D/3D structures exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 23.3% and maintain 80% of the initial efficiency after storage for over 800 h under ambient conditions with a humidity of 50%. Their performances are superior to those of the 3D devices. This study provides a simple approach to simultaneously enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells and may guide the development of other solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]