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Low‐bandgap mixed tin (Sn)‐lead (Pb) perovskite solar cells promise efficiency beyond the pure‐Pb ones. However, the difference in the interaction rate of SnI2 and PbI2 with organic salts causes spatial distribution heterogeneity of Sn2+ and Pb2+ in mixed Sn─Pb perovskite layers. This causes a Sn‐rich surface, which can trigger more severe Sn2+ oxidation and nonradiative recombination. A strategy, of introducing indium ion (In3+) into the perovskite precursor solution to compete with Sn2+ when reacting with organic salts is developed. Therefore, the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films are well‐controlled, leading to improved film quality with a more balanced Sn/Pb ratio on the film surface. Additionally, In3+ has a lower reduction potential compared to Sn2+ which can generate an extra energy barrier for Sn2+ oxidation. The improved film quality and reduced surface oxidation result in accelerated electron transfer and reduced carrier recombination rate. The modified devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.34%, representing one of the highest PCEs in mixed Sn─Pb solar cells made with PCBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite inorganic perovskites are suitable for application into tandem solar cells, the unsatisfactory crystal quality and inevitable surface defects of low‐temperature fabricated inorganic perovskites lead to undesirable open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit, which limits the further development of inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). Herein, dimethylammonium chloride (DMACl) was introduced into perovskite precursor to prolong the solid‐state reactions between intermediate phases of DMAPbX3 and Cs4PbX6, and mediate crystallization process of inorganic perovskite, leading to obtain high‐quality CsPbI2.75Br0.25 perovskite films without DMA+ residue in perovskite films after annealing. Additionally, the energy level position of perovskite slightly downshift after adding DMACl, narrowing the band offsets between perovskite and carrier transport layers. To further reduce VOC deficit and improve the performance of IPSCs, cesium iodide (CsI) thin layer is evaporated onto the perovskite surface to repair inevitable I‐related defects. Ultimately, the VOC and performance of IPSCs are improved without introducing organic components into final perovskite films. A champion photoelectric conversion efficiency of 20.75% is achieved, and the VOC deficit is significantly decreased to 0.382 V, which is the minimum VOC deficit of IPSCs at present. Additionally, the stability of the perovskite films and IPSCs has also been remarkably enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and stable wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are imperative for fabricating superior tandem devices. However, small crystal grains and light‐induced phase segregation of WBG perovskite result in large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficits, critically impeding the development of the related devices. Herein, the effective functional groups of Lewis‐base trans‐Ferulic acid (t‐FA) are employed to release the residual microstrain in the perovskite lattice. Larger perovskite crystals are formed by strengthening the interaction between the perovskite solute and solution. The lattice structure is stabilized to suppress light‐induced halide segregation. Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimized device with a bandgap of ≈1.77 eV is increased from 17.33% to 19.31% with the enhancement of VOC. Moreover, replacing a mixture of MeO‐2PACZ and Me‐4PACZ as the hole transporting layer (HTL), the PCE further lifts to 19.9% and VOC is 1.32 V, one of the highest performances reported for WBG PSCs, especially for devices prepared entirely by solution spin‐coating. Therefore, this study provides a practicable alternative for realizing efficient WBG PSCs, which can contribute to the growth of perovskite‐based tandem devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells show great potential for commercialization because of their high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The optical loss originated from the transparent electrode is still a challenge to further improve the PCE of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Here, we developed zirconium‐doped indium oxide (IZrO), a material with low resistivity and high transmittance sputtered at room temperature. It possesses a high mobility of 29.6 cm2/(V·s), a low resistivity of 3.32 × 10−4 Ω·cm, and a low sheet resistance of 25.55 Ω·sq−1 as well as a high average transmittance of 81.55% in a broadband of 400–1200 nm. Moreover, the work function (WF = 4.33 eV) matches well with the energy level of Ag electrode and SnO2 buffer layer in the P‐I‐N type tandem device. Compared with the previous zinc‐doped indium oxide (IZO) transparent electrode device, the absolute efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem devices based on IZrO electrode is about 0.6% higher. The champion P‐I‐N type perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells employing IZrO as the front conducts show efficiency of 28.28% (area of 0.5036 cm2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scheme for measuring topological properties in a two‐photon‐driven Kerr‐nonlinear (KNR) resonator subjected to a single‐photon modulation is proposed. The topological properties are revealed through the observation of the Berry curvature and hence the first Chern number, as a nonadiabatic response of the physical observable to the change rate of the control parameter of the modulated drive. The parameter manifold, constructed from the system's Hamiltonian that determines its dynamics constrained in the state space spanned by the even and odd cat states as two basis states, is adjusted so that the degeneracy crossing the manifold indicates a topological transition. The scheme, with such continuous variable states in mesoscopic systems, provides a new perspective for exploration of the geometry and the related topology with complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have developed rapidly due to their good thermal stability and the bandgap suitable for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, the large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit derived from the surface defects and the energy level structure mismatch impede the development of device performance, especially in the P‐I‐N structure IPSCs. Herein, an innovative in situ etching (ISE) treatment method is proposed to reduce surface defects through methanol without additional passivator. It is found that the perovskite films treated with methanol result in a slight excess of PbI2 on the surface and inserted into the grain boundaries. Therefore, the successful decrease of surface defects by methanol and the passivation of grain boundary defects by PbI2 greatly reduce the trap density of perovskite films. And the larger work function of PbI2 contributes to the energy band of perovskite surface bending downward and forms gradient energy level alignment at the I/N interface, which accelerates extraction of charge carriers. As a result, the efficiency of CsPbI2.85Br0.15 inverted IPSC is enhanced from 16.00% to 19.34%, which is one of the mostly efficient IPSCs. This work provides an original idea without additional passivator to manage the defects of inorganic perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells on commercially textured silicon with conformal perovskite top cells allow compatibility with standard industrial processes of silicon photovoltaic, as well as maximization of light trapping at the least cost. However, the efficiency is still limited by unsatisfactory open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF), owing to the challenge of growing high‐quality perovskite film on textured substrates and the lack of particularly effective passivation at the inferior interface between perovskite and C60. Different from traditionally electricity‐insulating passivator, herein, a conductive organic amine salt is introduced into this interface to suppress nonradiative recombination loss and promote carriers transfer synchronously, significantly increasing the VOC while preserving high FF, thus improving the efficiency substantially. Finally, a champion efficiency of up to 28.51% is obtained. Furthermore, due to the favorable electrical properties of this molecule, there is a wide processing window for the passivation, which helps to achieve an efficiency of 25.13% when the active area is enlarged to 11.879 cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acid‐resistant steel represented by 09CrCuSb (ND) steel that is widely used in flue gas treatment systems is easily prone to mixed‐acid dew point corrosion in the low‐temperature flue gas environment. To improve the corrosion resistance of ND steel in a low‐temperature dew point corrosion environment, here, a chromium–myristate hybrid (CMH) superhydrophobic coating is proposed as a low‐temperature dew point corrosion protective coating for the ND steel substrate. This superhydrophobic coating is deposited on the ND steel substrate (preplated dark nickel as a transition layer) by one‐step direct current electrodeposition. The electrochemical analysis from potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the immersion test show that the CMH superhydrophobic coating can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the ND substrate. Therefore, the present study provides a feasible strategy for preventing the mixed‐acid dew point corrosion of ND steel in the low‐temperature zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to hydrogen is a clean process that can achieve green hydrogen. However, the integrated PEC devices have some problems, such as serious incident light loss, poor stability, and high cost. Here, the low‐cost perovskite/silicon tandem cell instead of the costly III−V tandem cell as the light absorber is used, combined with high‐transmittance quartz glass as a protective layer forming an unassisted solar water‐splitting device. Quartz glass can minimize incident light loss and prevent electrolyte corrosion of solar cells. A solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 19.68% is achieved, and the performance can be maintained for 20 h without noticeable change. This structure design provides a novel integrated solar water‐splitting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell (PK/c‐Si TSC) is a reasonable choice that can break through the efficiency limitations of silicon cells. Here, the p‐i‐n perovskite solar cell is conformally grown by the evaporation–solution combination technique on fully‐textured silicon heterojunction cells to realize two‐terminal PK/c‐Si TSCs. Due to the adverse effect of the residual PbI2 at the bottom of the perovskite bulk on device performance, a thermal‐evaporated CsBr thin layer is introduced between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer to construct a gradient perovskite absorber for optimized energy level alignment, so as to improve the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor of the device. Finally, the PK/c‐Si tandem cell achieves an efficiency of 27.48% and is stable in nitrogen over 10 000 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of perovskite (PVK)/silicon tandem solar cells have the potential to beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit of single‐junction solar cell and the theoretical efficiency can reach over 35%. Improving the quality of PVK film can reduce nonradiative charge recombination. Herein, MACl is added to the PVK precursor, compared with the control cell, adding MACl can assist the vertical crystallization of PVK film, accelerates carrier vertical transport, reduces bulk defects in the active layer. Moreover, MACl can upshift the valence band energy level, making it better band alignment with hole‐transport layer. As a result, the fill factor (FF) and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) are improved with MACl addition. The champion MACl‐added PVK solar cell with 1.67 eV bandgap achieves an efficiency of 18.94% and a VOC of 1.225 V. Using the optimized wide bandgap PVK solar cells to fabricate the rear‐textured monolithic PVK /silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells, a champion efficiency of 24.16% and a VOC of 1.93 V are obtained. It is demonstrated that the control of PVK crystals vertical orientation provides an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of PVK‐based solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is closely linked to the optoelectrical properties of charge transporting layers. Herein, amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) and KOH are mixed (ATMP‐K) and incorporated in a SnO2 precursor solution to significantly improve the performance of the electron transport layer (ETL) SnO2 in PSCs. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments, it is demonstrated that ATMP‐K effectively passivates the oxygen vacancy and reduces the hydroxyl groups on the surface of SnO2, resulting in a larger perovskite grain size and better energy‐level alignment with perovskites. ATMP‐K boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs from 20.99% to 23.52%. When applying in a perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cell, the device delivers an efficiency up to 24.75% with a high VOC of 1.94 V, compared with 22.67% and 1.85 V of the reference cells. Furthermore, ATMP‐K‐modified PSCs also show extraordinary ability to absorb Pb2+ ions after their degradation in water, offering a facile strategy for reducing Pb leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) with high efficiency and excellent mechanical flexible properties have attracted enormous interest as a promising photovoltaic technology in recent years. However, the performance or stability of FPSCs is still far inferior to that of conventional glass‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a cross‐linking agent called aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) is introduced as an interface layer between electron transport layer and perovskite absorber. Due to the well‐matched energy levels and improved grain size and crystallinity of the perovskite, a champion device with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.87% is achieved on the FPSCs. The device retains about 80% of its initial performance after 1000 h under >50% relative humidity without encapsulation. In addition, attributed to the Al(acac)3 super bending resistance, more than 91% of the original PCE is retained after 1500 bending cycles. This work proposes the substrate side optimization for improving device efficiency and stability which may provide a novel concept for promoting the development of FPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wide bandgap perovskite solar cells (WB‐PSCs) sustained serious deficit of open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and instability in the development process, which limited the full play of their advantages, especially in tandem solar cells. Surface passivation engineering of alkyl amine halide salts has been used extensively to improve the performance of PSCs. Here, the photovoltaic performance of FA0.83Cs0.17 Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 WB‐PSCs based on methyl bromide (MABr) and bromide guanidine (GABr) passivation was systematically investigated. It was proved that both MABr and GABr significantly passivate the defects, resulting in lower trap density. Eventually, the efficiency arrives at 18.6% based on MABr‐treated perovskite film, and an improved VOC up to 1.235 V was obtained with a VOC‐deficit of only 415 mV, which is one of the highest value for the PSCs with 1.65 eV bandgap. It is noted that the devices treated with MABr exhibited enhanced moisture stability than that of the reference and GABr treated. X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that GABr is likely to cause severer phase transition to δ‐phase nonperovskite. This paper provides an important insight to surface passivation strategies, both performance and stability in devices need to be considered simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the structure and magnetic properties of the breathing pyrochlore compound LiInCr4−xFexO8 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5) are reported. Raman scattering experiments show the hardening behavior of the active mode induced by the increased ionic masses and bond strength. The long‐range antiferromagnetic order and spin‐gap state of parent samples are found to be suppressed with the increasing Fe content. The average magnetic exchange couplings are strongly antiferromagnetic and systematically enhanced with substitution. Bulk magnetization data of substituted samples show weak ferromagnetic interaction and occurrence of a spin‐glass‐like transition at high Fe contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic rhinitis (AR) negatively affects the healthy lives of many individuals. Most previous studies on AR focused on the expression of cytokines, with only a few analyzing cytokine expression from a metabolomics viewpoint. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study AR at the metabolic level. Consequently, we aimed to identify differential serum biomarkers by metabolomics. In this study, the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model was applied to characterize the differences in serum samples collected from patients with AR and healthy volunteers. Ten metabolites (except hexadecanoic acid) were found to be altered significantly (p <.05) in the former group, according to results of principal component analysis and OPLS‐DA, indicating that these metabolites could be potential biomarkers. MetaboAnalyst 4.0 and pathway enrichment analysis showed that these changes in metabolites mainly involved three pathways, namely, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and purine metabolism. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the potential pathogenesis mechanisms and provide a metabolic evidence for in‐depth studies of AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel cascade reaction has been described for the synthesis of Carbolines via palladium‐catalyzed successive C–C/C–N formation from O‐methylketoximes and styrenes. The oxime ether auxiliary not only serves as a traceless directing group, but is also partly transformed into the value‐added pharmacophore in a two‐step, one‐pot fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired mitochondrial function is a key factor attributing to lung ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury, which contributes to major post‐transplant complications. Thus, the current study was performed to investigate the role of mitochondrial autophagy in lung I/R injury and the involvement of the mTOR pathway. We established rat models of orthotopic left lung transplantation to investigate the role of mitochondrial autophagy in I/R injury following lung transplantation. Next, we treated the donor lungs with 3‐MA and Rapamycin to evaluate mitochondrial autophagy, lung function and cell apoptosis with different time intervals of cold ischaemia preservation and reperfusion. In addition, mitochondrial autophagy, and cell proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) exposed to hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H/R) were monitored after 3‐MA administration or Rapamycin treatment. The cell apoptosis could be inhibited by mitochondrial autophagy at the beginning of lung ischaemia, but was rendered out of control when mitochondrial autophagy reached normal levels. After I/R of donor lung, the mitochondrial autophagy was increased until 6 hours after reperfusion and then gradually decreased. The elevation of mitochondrial autophagy was accompanied by promoted apoptosis, aggravated lung injury and deteriorated lung function. Moreover, the suppression of mitochondrial autophagy by 3‐MA inhibited cell apoptosis of donor lung to alleviate I/R‐induced lung injury as well as inhibited H/R‐induced PMVEC apoptosis, and enhanced its proliferation. Finally, mTOR pathway participated in I/R‐ and H/R‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy in regulation of cell apoptosis. Inhibition of I/R‐induced mitochondrial autophagy alleviated lung injury via the mTOR pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for lung I/R injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet light (UV) has caused tremendous damage to perovskite solar cells (PSCs), degrading the perovskite and shortening their lifetime. Defects act as non‐radiative recombination sites, accelerate the degradation process, reduce the efficiency of the device and weaken the stability of solar cell. In this work, to realize efficient and stable p–i–n wide bandgap solar cells under UV, a synergetic strategy utilizing UV light‐absorbing passivator, (Trifluoroacetyl) benzotriazole (TFABI), enhance UV photostability and regulate the defect passivation is proposed. By using TFABI, the degradation of the perovskite absorption layer under UV light is suppressed, spectral response is enhanced and the Pb vacancy defects are passivated. As a result, the target device achieves an efficiency of 21.54%, exhibiting excellent long‐term stability under 365 nm UV irradiation. After 60 h of irradiation, it retains 85% of its initial value (60 mW cm−2, RH 25–30%, 25 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a method to accelerate population transfer by designing nonadiabatic evolution paths is proposed. We apply the method to realize robust and accelerated population transfer with a transmon qutrit. By numerical simulation, we show that this method allows a robust population transfer between the ground states in a Λ system. Moreover, the total pulse area for the population transfer is low as 1.9π that verifies the evolution is accelerated without increasing the pulse intensity. Therefore, the method is easily implementable based on the modern pulse shaper technology and it provides selectable schemes with interesting applications in quantum information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is still a challenge to experimentally realize shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) for a non‐Hermitian quantum system since a non‐Hermitian quantum system's counterdiabatic driving Hamiltonian contains some unrealizable auxiliary control fields. In this paper, we relax the strict condition in constructing STA and propose a method to redesign a realizable supplementary Hamiltonian to construct non‐Hermitian STA. The redesigned supplementary Hamiltonian can be eithersymmetric or asymmetric. For the sake of clearness, we apply this method to an Allen‐Eberly model as an example to verify the validity of the optimized non‐Hermitian STA. The numerical simulation demonstrates that a ultrafast population inversion could be realized in a two‐level non‐Hermitian system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), as well as Western medicine (WM), is an important cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, the differences between CHM and WM as agents implicated in liver injury have rarely been reported. Methods Overall, 1985 (2.05%) DILI cases were retrospectively collected from the 96 857 patients hospitalized because of liver dysfunction in the 302 Military Hospital between January 2009 and January 2014. Results In all the enrolled patients with DILI, CHM was implicated in 563 cases (28.4%), while 870 cases (43.8%) were caused by WM and the remaining patients (27.8%) by the combination of WM and CHM. Polygonum multiflorum was the major implicated CHM. Compared with WM, the cases caused by CHM showed more female (51 vs 71%, P < 0.001) and positive rechallenge (6.1 vs 8.9%, P = 0.046), a much greater proportion of hepatocellular injury (62.2 vs 88.5%, P < 0.001), and a higher mortality (2.8 vs 4.8%, P = 0.042); however, no differences in the rates of chronic DILI and ALF were found (12.9 vs 12.4%, P = 0.807; 7.6 vs 7.6%, P = 0.971). Based on Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method, 75.6% of cases caused by CHM were classified as probable and only 16.6% as highly probable, significantly different from WM (38.4 and 60.3%, all P < 0.001). Conclusions The causal relationship between CHM and liver injury is much complex, and the clinical characteristics of DILI caused by CHM differ from those caused by WM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root of Astragalus membranaceus (AR), which has been widely used in Traditional Chinese herbal formulae for treating foot ulcer, was found to exhibit anti-inflammatory property, but its molecular mechanism still remains unknown. We previously identified the anti-inflammatory sub-fraction using bioassay-guided fractionation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the major active fraction (MAF) (0.039 to 0.156 mg/mL) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. MAF was shown to inhibit LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by 54.7% and 65.1%, respectively. Additionally, MAF down-regulated the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and MAPK regulator by 45.0% to 74.6%, as well as the reduction of DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) by 66.5%. It also attenuated the production of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha by 21.2% to 86.2%. Furthermore, the chemical constituents of MAF were identified. A total of 13 known chemical compounds were found in MAF, including five isoflavonoids and eight saponins. In conclusion, a bioactive fraction of AR was identified which possessed anti-inflammatory property by reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and inactivation of NFκB through MAPK signalling pathway. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vegetative storage protein (VSP) with trypsin inhibitor activity in a deciduous tree, Sapindus mukorassi, was characterized by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western-blot, immuno-histochemical localization, light- and electro-microscopy, together with analysis of proteinase inhibitor activity of the purified VSP in vitro. There were two proteins with molecular masses of about 23 and 27 kDa in a relatively high content in the bark tissues of terminal branches of S. mukorassi in leafless periods. The proteins decreased markedly during young shoot development, indicating their role in seasonal nitrogen storage. Immuno-histochemical localization with the polyclonal antibodies raised against the 23 kDa protein demonstrated that the 23 kDa protein was the major component of protein inclusions in protein-storing cells. The protein inclusions were identified by protein-specific staining and should correspond to the electron-dense materials in different forms in the vacuoles of phloem parenchyma cells and phloem ray parenchyma cells under an electron microscope. So, the 23 kDa protein was a typical VSP in S. mukorassi. The 23 and 27 kDa proteins shared no immuno-relatedness, whereas the 23 kDa protein was immuno-related with the 22 kDa VSP in lychee and possessed trypsin inhibitor activity. The 23 kDa protein may confer dual functions: nitrogen storage and defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of aluminium on inositol phosphate formation were examined in murine neuroblastoma cells labelled with [3H]-myo-inositol. In aluminium-pretreated cells, the bradykinin-triggered inositol triphosphate, IP3, release and the change in intracellular [Ca2+] were appreciably less compared with the control group. Stimulating digitonin-permeabilized cells with non-hydrolyzable guanosine 5′-[gamma-thio]-triphosphate, GTP[S], inositol phosphate formation decreased in the presence of aluminium. A primary target of aluminium toxicity may reside on the guanine nucleotide-binding protein(Gp)/phospholipase C system, at a site different from that of the GTP[S] binding site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their rational distribution and adequate use of the solar spectrum and a high open‐circuit voltage, perovskite/silicon‐heterojunction (SHJ) tandem solar cells can exceed the theoretical limit of efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells. To improve the performance of perovskite/SHJ tandem solar cells, the distribution of the solar spectrum and current matching between sub‐cells must be examined and optimized. This study employs mixed perovskite as the top cell, which is prepared with pure N, N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF), pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures of these components in different volume ratios. The effect of different solvents on surface structure and the photoelectric properties of FACs perovskite materials are systematically examined. When the volume fraction of DMSO is 40%, a smooth, well passivated, high‐quality perovskite film is obtained. Most importantly, light absorbance and transmittance are balanced by applying solvent engineering to optimize perovskite films in the tandem devices. This method can be further extended to a more complicated FAMACs perovskite/SHJ by delivering a power conversion efficiency of 22.80%. This study concludes that solvent engineering is an effective and simple method for modifying the performance of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem devices. Through adjusting volume ratios between N‐dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, light absorbance and transmittance of perovskite films in tandem devices is up to balance. The effect of different solvents on surface structure and the photoelectric properties of FACs perovskite materials are systematically examined. The solvent engineering is further extended to a more complicated FAMACs perovskite/SHJ by delivering an optimal power conversion efficiency of 22.80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the structure and magnetic properties of the breathing pyrochlore compound LiInCr4−xFexO8 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5) are reported. Raman scattering experiments show the hardening behavior of the active mode induced by the increased ionic masses and bond strength. The long‐range antiferromagnetic order and spin‐gap state of parent samples are found to be suppressed with the increasing Fe content. The average magnetic exchange couplings are strongly antiferromagnetic and systematically enhanced with substitution. Bulk magnetization data of substituted samples show weak ferromagnetic interaction and occurrence of a spin‐glass‐like transition at high Fe contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]