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The hydrodynamics of secondary flow phenomena in a disc‐shaped gas vortex unit (GVU) is investigated using experimentally validated numerical simulations. The simulation using ANSYS FLUENT® v.14a reveals the development of a backflow region along the core of the central gas exhaust, and of a counterflow multivortex region in the bulk of the disc part of the unit. Under the tested conditions, the GVU flow is found to be highly spiraling in nature. Secondary flow phenomena develop as swirl becomes stronger. The backflow region develops first via the swirl‐decay mechanism in the exhaust line. Near‐wall jet formation in the boundary layers near the GVU end‐walls eventually results in flow reversal in the bulk of the unit. When the jets grow stronger the counterflow becomes multivortex. The simulation results are validated with experimental data obtained from Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry and surface oil visualization measurements. © 2018 The Authors AIChE Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1859–1873, 2018 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the three-dimensional (3D) structure of near-wall jets observed in disc-like gas vortex units (GVUs), experimental and numerical studies are performed. The experimental results are obtained using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV), laser doppler anemometry, pressure probes and surface oil flow visualization techniques. The first three techniques have been used to investigate the bulk flow hydrodynamics of the vortex unit. Surface oil flow visualization is adopted to visualize streamlines near the end-walls of the vortex unit. The surface streamlines help to determine the azimuthal and radial velocity components of the radial near-wall jets. Simulations of the vortex unit using FLUENT® v.14a are simultaneously performed, computationally resolving the near-wall jet regions in the axial direction. The simulation results together with the surface oil flow visualization establish the 3D structure of the near-wall jets in GVUs for the first time in literature. It is also conjectured that the near-wall jets develop due to the combined effect of bulk flow acceleration and swirl. The centrifugal force diminishes in the vicinity of the end-walls. The radially inward pressure gradient in these regions, no longer balanced by the centrifugal force, pushes gas radially inward thus developing the near-wall jets. © 2016 The Authors AIChE Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1740-1756, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique normalized radial pressure profile characterizes the bed of a gas-solid vortex reactor over a range of particle densities and sizes, solid capacities, and gas flow rates: 950-1240 kg/m3, 1-2 mm, 2 kg to maximum solids capacity, and 0.4-0.8 Nm3/s (corresponding to gas injection velocities of 55-110 m/s), respectively. The combined momentum conservation equations of both gas and solid phases predict this pressure profile when accounting for the corresponding measured particle velocities. The pressure profiles for a given type of particles and a given solids loading but for different gas injection velocities merge into a single curve when normalizing the pressures with the pressure value downstream of the bed. The normalized-with respect to the overall pressure drop-pressure profiles for different gas injection velocities in particle-free flow merge in a unique profile. © 2015 The Authors AIChE Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4114-4125, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]